英语读音的一些基本规则

英语读音的一些基本规则 元音字母:a, e, i(y), o, u 辅音字母:b, c, d, f, g ,h, j, k l, m, n, p, q, r, s t, v, w, x, y, z 元音: ?单元音，有[a:]，[?]，[æ]，[e]，[i:]，[i]，[?:]，[?],[?:],[?], [u:],[u]。 ?双元音，有[ai], [ei], [?i], [au], [?u], [i?], [??], [u?]。 注意区别:[æ]，[ε]，[e]这三个元音的发音部位相同([ε]仅存在于双元 音[??]中)，区别在于张口的大小:发[æ]音时嘴巴张开达两个手指之宽，发[ε] 音时嘴巴张开达一个半手指之宽，发[e]音时嘴巴张开达一个手指之宽。 辅音:?清辅音，有[p],[t],[k],[f],[s],[?],[θ],[?],[tr],[ts] 以及[h]。 ?浊辅音，有[b],[d],[g],[v],[z],[?], [ð],[?],[dr],[dz],以及[l], [j], [w], 还有鼻腔浊辅音[m], [n], [η] 。 注:上述前面10对儿为成对的清浊辅音。 音节:一个单词至少有一个或一个以上的音节。只有一个音节的单词，这个音节 本身就是重读音节;一个音节以上的单词有重读音节和非重读音节。 重读开音节:在重读音节中，以元音字母本身结尾，或以辅音字母+字母e结尾 的音节。 重读闭音节:在重读音节中，以辅音字母(一个或多个)结尾的音节。 一(重读音节中元音字母的读音规则 1(在重读开音节中，元音字母读字母本身的音。 即: 字母a读[ei]， 如cake, make, safe, shape, waste, lazy 字母e读[i:], 如he, she, we, eve, evening, equal 字母i(y)读[ai],如I, my, why, life, shrine, driver, inside 字母o读[?u], 如home, hope, nose, sofa 字母u读[ju:], 如huge, cute, mute, nuclear 有些单词不遵循以上规则，如have[hæv], do[du:], come[k?m], gone[g?n], move[mu:v], some[s?m], love[l?v], shove[??v], who[hu:], whose[hu:z]including incentives) to ensure the achievement of the quality objectives. According to the company's quality system documents, combined with the specific circumstances of the project, preparation of project quality manual, procedures and work related to the project implementation rules to improve the quality management system of the project. A management review meeting held each year, on the implementation of the quality policy, objectives and review of the problems and propose corrective measures. Efforts and resources necessary for optimal allocation of project construction management (personnel, finance, facilities, information, etc). 3.2 with customer focus project staff establish a "customer-focused" thinking, fully aware that meet their customers ' needs and expectations is the fundamental pursuit of production and services projects. Projects in production and service processes, to: 3.2.1 identify and determine the needs and expectations of the project legal person, interests as the interests of the customer, with customer satisfaction as satisfied, good faith and cooperation, win-win and development; 3.2.2 needs and expectations of the project legal person into production and service management or technical requirements, and allocation of appropriate resources; 3.2.3 meet legal requirements and strive to exceed their expectations. 3.2.4 customers on the quality of projects put into operation for standards, in accordance with the national standard of quality works. 3.2.5 regulations and standards requires the State and issued by the Ministry of the project related to the current version of the technical specifications, procedures, design institutes and 等等。 2(在重读闭音节中，元音字母的读音规则如下: 字母a读[æ], 如cat, gap, match, lamp 字母e读[e], 如bed, desk, get, help, settle, 字母i(y)读[i], 如bit, ship, wig, lift, limit 字母o读[?], 如hot, soft, lost, pop 字母u读[?], 如but, cut, hut, must, lust, run 也有些单词不遵循以上规则，如put[put]，comb[k?um]。 二(一些字母及其组合的读音规则 1( 元音字母组合 字母组合 读音 例如 ai,ay [ei] mail, praise, faith, say, lay air [??] air, hair, fair all [?:l] all, small, hall, wall alk [?:k] talk, walk ar [a:] target, arm, yard 在字母w之后读[?:] war, ward, award, reward are [??] hare, scare, square ask [a:sk] ask, task, mask, basket ast [a:st] cast, fast, vast, last 注:以上两条为英国英语的读音规则，而在美国英语中，字母组合ask, ast 中的元音字母a发[æ]音，遵从元音字母在重读闭音节中的读音规则。 ?:] laud, Paul au [ [a:] laugh aw [?:] draw, crawl, scrawl ay,ey [i:] quay, key, ea [i:] eat, heat, leave, meat, wheat [e] head, health, wealth，threat [i?] rhea, diarrhea ear [i?] ear, wear, tear, clear win and development; 3.2.2 n-he interests of the customer, with customer satisfaction as satisfied, good faith and cooperation, winnd service processes, to: 3.2.1 identify and determine the needs and expectations of the project legal person, interests as td services projects. Projects in production afocused" thinking, fully aware that meet their customers ' needs and expectations is the fundamental pursuit of production an-ities, information, etc). 3.2 with customer focus project staff establish a "customerfacil tive measures. Efforts and resources necessary for optimal allocation of project construction management (personnel, finance,meeting held each year, on the implementation of the quality policy, objectives and review of the problems and propose correcview and work related to the project implementation rules to improve the quality management system of the project. A management resystem documents, combined with the specific circumstances of the project, preparation of project quality manual, procedures including incentives) to ensure the achievement of the quality objectives. According to the company's qualitycations, procedures, design institutes andecifiand standards requires the State and issued by the Ministry of the project related to the current version of the technical sp ty of projects put into operation for standards, in accordance with the national standard of quality works. 3.2.5 regulationsquali ation of appropriate resources; 3.2.3 meet legal requirements and strive to exceed their expectations. 3.2.4 customers on theeeds and expectations of the project legal person into production and service management or technical requirements, and alloc2 [?:] earn, earth ee [i:] sheep, meet, seed, weep er [?:] her, hermit, inert, herb ere [i?] here, sphere ew [ju:] hew, new, spew [u:] Jew, drew, threw [?u] sew ir [?:] skirt, girl oa [?u] coat, boat, coach, soap oi,oy [?i] boil, boy, soybean oo [u:] school, cool, loop [u] cook, hook, look or [?:] word, work ou [au] mouth, south, loud, ground tough, rough [?] [u:] group, soup, youth [?] cough (特例) ow [au] how, tower [?u] low, snow, show, throw, know our [au?] our, hour, sour [?:] court, course, [u?] tour ure [u?]或[ju?] sure, pure 此外，ar,er,or一般在单词词尾的非重读音节中读[?] 如 popular, poster, sailor; 字母e在非重读音节中一般读[i]，如booklet, basket， 或 者读[?]，如quarrel。 rrent version of the technical specifications, procedures, design institutes andquality works. 3.2.5 regulations and standards requires the State and issued by the Ministry of the project related to the curd of ctations. 3.2.4 customers on the quality of projects put into operation for standards, in accordance with the national standaechnical requirements, and allocation of appropriate resources; 3.2.3 meet legal requirements and strive to exceed their expewin and development; 3.2.2 needs and expectations of the project legal person into production and service management or t-tion, winect legal person, interests as the interests of the customer, with customer satisfaction as satisfied, good faith and cooperae projces projects. Projects in production and service processes, to: 3.2.1 identify and determine the needs and expectations of th" thinking, fully aware that meet their customers ' needs and expectations is the fundamental pursuit of production and servifocused-management (personnel, finance, facilities, information, etc). 3.2 with customer focus project staff establish a "customerthe problems and propose corrective measures. Efforts and resources necessary for optimal allocation of project construction iew ofm of the project. A management review meeting held each year, on the implementation of the quality policy, objectives and revoject quality manual, procedures and work related to the project implementation rules to improve the quality management systes, combined with the specific circumstances of the project, preparation of princluding incentives) to ensure the achievement of the quality objectives. According to the company's quality system document3 2. 辅音字母及其组合 字母及其组合 读音 例如 c 在a,o,u和辅音字母前及词尾读[k] cat, coat, cut, basic 在e,i(y)前， 读[s] cease, cite, cycle cc 在a,o,u前, 读[k] account 在e,i(y)前 读[ks] accept, succeed, accident ch [?] cheat, chip, teach [k] technology cht [t] yacht[j?t] ck [k] crack, stick, sick, ticket dge [?] edge, judge dr [dr] drive, drain, g在a,o,u和辅音字母前读[g] gas, goat, gun, great 在e,i(y)前, 读[?] image, damage, gym gh 在词首， 读[g] ghost, ghetto 在词尾或辅音t前，不发音 high，sigh, bright, eight, night gu [g] guide, guess, guard (偶尔) [gw] extinguish h 一般读[h] home, heat, hit, hut 前面有辅音字母时 不发音 exhibit, rhea, j [?] jaw, Jew, joke, judge kn [n] knife, knee, knight, know mb [m] lamb, bomb, climb, comb ng [η] slang, sing, long, lung ph [f] photo, phrase, philosophy, qu [kw] quick, question, queen, square [k] quay, technique sh [?] sheep, shut, publish sion [??n] illusion, vision stion [?n] question tion [?n] station, evolution, relation tch [?] match, catch, watch, itch th 一般读[θ] think, three, teeth 在常用的代词、连词中读[ð],主要有this, that, these, those, they, eeds and expectations of the project legal person into production and service management or technical requirements, and allocwin and development; 3.2.2 n-he interests of the customer, with customer satisfaction as satisfied, good faith and cooperation, winnd service processes, to: 3.2.1 identify and determine the needs and expectations of the project legal person, interests as td services projects. Projects in production afocused" thinking, fully aware that meet their customers ' needs and expectations is the fundamental pursuit of production an-ities, information, etc). 3.2 with customer focus project staff establish a "customerfacil tive measures. Efforts and resources necessary for optimal allocation of project construction management (personnel, finance,meeting held each year, on the implementation of the quality policy, objectives and review of the problems and propose correcview and work related to the project implementation rules to improve the quality management system of the project. A management resystem documents, combined with the specific circumstances of the project, preparation of project quality manual, procedures including incentives) to ensure the achievement of the quality objectives. According to the company's qualitycations, procedures, design institutes andecifiand standards requires the State and issued by the Ministry of the project related to the current version of the technical sp ty of projects put into operation for standards, in accordance with the national standard of quality works. 3.2.5 regulationsquali ation of appropriate resources; 3.2.3 meet legal requirements and strive to exceed their expectations. 3.2.4 customers on the4 them, there, though，whether tr [tr] street, tree, trip wh 在元音字母o前 读[h] who, whom, whose, whole 在其他元音字母前 读[w] what, wheat, which, why x 一般读[ks] excuse, six, text, exercise 在e后,且x后面有元音字母,读[gz] exhibit, exhaust, exotic, exist (这里ex-后面的h不发音，且exercise不遵从该规则。) y 在词首读 [j] young, youth, yard, yellow 注意，在单词后面加s(名词的单数变复数,或动词一般现在时第三人称单数 变化)时,在以清辅音结尾的单词后面加s读[s],如desks, hopes, 其中以清辅 音[t]结尾的单词加s读[ts]，如cats;在以浊辅音和元音结尾的单词后面加s 读[z]，如dogs, leaves, sees,其中以浊辅音[d]结尾的单词加s读[dz]，如 leads。 rrent version of the technical specifications, procedures, design institutes andquality works. 3.2.5 regulations and standards requires the State and issued by the Ministry of the project related to the curd of ctations. 3.2.4 customers on the quality of projects put into operation for standards, in accordance with the national standaechnical requirements, and allocation of appropriate resources; 3.2.3 meet legal requirements and strive to exceed their expewin and development; 3.2.2 needs and expectations of the project legal person into production and service management or t-tion, winect legal person, interests as the interests of the customer, with customer satisfaction as satisfied, good faith and cooperae projces projects. Projects in production and service processes, to: 3.2.1 identify and determine the needs and expectations of th" thinking, fully aware that meet their customers ' needs and expectations is the fundamental pursuit of production and servifocused-management (personnel, finance, facilities, information, etc). 3.2 with customer focus project staff establish a "customerthe problems and propose corrective measures. Efforts and resources necessary for optimal allocation of project construction iew ofm of the project. A management review meeting held each year, on the implementation of the quality policy, objectives and revoject quality manual, procedures and work related to the project implementation rules to improve the quality management systes, combined with the specific circumstances of the project, preparation of princluding incentives) to ensure the achievement of the quality objectives. According to the company's quality system document5