越南咖啡产业的成就

越南咖啡产业的成就 VIETNAM COFFEE INDUSTRY ACHIEVEMENTS, PROSPECTS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Presented by: Mr. Luong Van Tu Chairman Vietnam Coffee – Cocoa Association (VICOFA) HISTORY OF VIETNAM COFFEE INDUSTRY , Coffee tree has been introduced into and grown in Vietnam for over 150 years, from the year 1857. , 30 years after, in 1988 the first coffee plantation in Vietnam established. , In 1945, before the August revolution the total coffee area across the country was 10,700 ha of which , in the North 4,100 ha , in the Central 5,900 , in the South 700 THE EXPLOSION OF THE VIETNAM COFFEE INDUSTRY After the war, from the year 1975 the coffee industry underwent an unprecedented development period. The robust development of it, one event that has drawn the attention of the world’s community. Area and exported coffee from 1980 to 2010 Year Area (ha) Export (MT) Year Area (ha) Export (MT) 1981 19,000 4,600 2000 533,000 705,300 1985 44,600 23,500 2005 491,400 800,608 1990 135,500 68,700 2010 513,000 1,080,500 1995 205,000 222,900 Chart 1 AREA AND EXPORTED COFFEE FROM 1980 TO 2010 600,0001,200,000 500,0001,000,000 400,000800,000 300,000600,000 Area (Ha)Export (MT)200,000400,000 100,000200,000 00 1981198519901995533,00020002005 Year Area (ha)Export (MT) VOLUME AND VALUE OF COFFEE EXPORTS FROM 2003/04 TO 2009/2010 Crop year Volume (MT) Value (USD) 2003/04 867,616 564,681,720 2004/05 834,079 612,142,604 2005/06 775,457 826,559,087 2006/07 1,083,986 1,586,387,643 2007/08 1,099,768 2,133,789,775 2008/09 1,178,237 1,942,656,708 2009/10 1,080,000 1,550,000,000 Chart 2 VOLUME AND VALUE OF COFFEE EXPORTS FROM 2003/04 TO 2009/10 1,400,0002,500,000,000 1,200,000 2,000,000,000 1,000,000 1,500,000,000800,000 600,0001,000,000,000 Value (USD)Volume (MT)400,000 500,000,000200,000 00 2003/042004/052005/062006/072007/082008/092009/10 Crop year Volume (MT)Value (USD) VIETNAM COFFEE MARKET Vietnam coffee exported to over 80 countries and regions Average 7 crops from 2000/01 to 2006/07 of Top 10 Vietnamese coffee importers Countries Volume (MT) Market share (%) Germany 134,096 16.07 USA 110,337 13.22 Spain 76,104 9.12 Italy 67,809 8.13 Belgium 57,548 6.90 Poland 41,257 4.94 Korea 33,243 3.98 France 32,105 3.85 United Kingdom 30,362 3.64 Japan 29,066 3.48 Others 222,508 26.67 Total 834,435 100 CHART 3. Share of Top ten Vietnam cofee importers in 7 crops from 2000/01 to 2006/07 Germany, 16.07% Others, 26.67% USA, 13.22%Japan, 3.48% Spain, 9.12% United Kingdom, 3.64% Italy, 8.13%France, 3.85% Korea, 3.98, 4% Belgium, 6.90%Poland, 4.94% IMPORTED COFFEE OF TOP 10 VIETNAM COFFEE IMPORTERS IN THE CROF YEAR 2009/2010 No. Importers Volume (MT) Share (%) Value (USD) 1 Germany 138,014.68 12.78 212,963,723.57 2 USA 120,371.78 11.14 184,045,400.38 3 Italy 128,968.73 11.01 183,500,600.18 4 Belgium 110,301.16 10.21 178,504,443.94 5 Spain 77,300.74 7.16 117,223,339.70 6 Japan 57,543.11 5.33 92,152,698.37 7 Netherland 35,284.43 3.27 52,514,034.59 8 Korea 33,880.59 3.14 53,065,890.45 9 France 30,120.24 2.76 46,133,321.31 10 U.K 29,477.92 2.73 44,724,730.29 Total 751,263.38 69.56 1,164,829,888.87 Others 328,736.62 30.44 Chart 4. Share of 10 Vietnam coffee importers in the year 2009/10 Germany, 12.78% USA, 11.15% Others, 30.44% UK, 2.73% Italy, 11.02% France, 2.79% Belgium, 10.21% Korea, 3.14%Spain, 7.16% Japan, 5.33% Netherland, 3.27% COFFEE SPECIES AND VARIETIES IN VIETNAM Coffea canephora variety robusta: the main variety grown in Vietnam 480,000 ha 93.8% Coffee arabica variety catimor 30,000 ha and some another such as Caturra, Typica Bourbon.... 2,000 ha coffee excelsa and liberica 5,000 ha MAIN COFFEE PRODUCING AREA IN VIETNAM , The main area is the red basalt soil in the Central Vietnam West Highland: in Daklak 184,512 Lam Dong 139,299 Daknong 76,800 Gialai 78,534 Kontum 11,961 , Some provinces in the Eastern of South Vietnam such as Binh phuoc, Dong nai, Ba ria Vung tau... , Most of coffee in these areas are Robusta. MAIN COFFEE PRODUCING AREA IN VIETNAM (cont.) , Main Arabica coffee area is some Northwest of North Vietnam such as Dien bien and Son La, and some northern central Vietnam provinces such as Nghe An, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue.... , Arabica coffee planted also in the high altitude area in Lam Dong provinces such as Dalat city and Duc Trong, Lam Ha, Di Linh and Bao Loc districts MAP EXPERIENCES, USEFUL LESSONS FROM THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF THE VIETNAM COFFEE INDUSTRY , From the years 2000, at the beginning of the 21st century, Vietnam coffee industry range the 2nd coffee exporting country after Brasil. , Experiences are: , Government support coffee sector policies , land using right to grow coffee , coffee research and extension , West Highland science Technique research institute (WASI) play important rote in the research work EXPERIENCES, USEFUL LESSONS FROM THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF THE VIETNAM COFFEE INDUSTRY (Cont.) , National Agriculture Expansion of the coffee producing provinces transfer knowledge to the farmers , New and high yielding plant material supply , Training to extension personnel and transfer of technology , Training to growers to grow coffee with advanced coffee planting maintaining and harvesting techniques , Replanting support; about 150,000ha of coffee are over-aged with low productivity. The growers can get loan from the bank EXPERIENCES, USEFUL LESSONS FROM THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF THE VIETNAM COFFEE INDUSTRY (Cont.) , Coffee production has to contribute to the state’s focal programs such as , settled agriculture and living settlement of mountainous minority ethnic people , the hunger elimination and poverty alleviation program , Job creations to the labour.... , Government approved stock policy to support the farmers to get reasonable price. CHALLENGES OF COFFEE DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM , high-leveled intensive farming , intensifying investment in fertilizing and watering , without shade trees , some area is needed to be regenerated , Harvesting mixed green and ripe cherries , difficulties of drying ground , lack of processing facilities for the smallholders , lack of capital to storage coffee , effects of climate changes... ORIENTATION OF ESTABHISHING A COFFEE SECTOR TOWARD SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM , Increasing coffee production , Increasing field based on stabilized superficies, - To grow selected high field varieties, re-plantation to replace ageing plantations - To grow shade trees – applying bio-diversification - To apply GAP ORIENTATION OF ESTABHISHING A COFFEE SECTOR TOWARD SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM (Cont.) , Improving coffee quality - Increasing arabica coffee production in the especially suitable area - Ripe beans picking - Improving post harvest technology - Applying GMP in Processing - Production of Coffee following certified standards like Utz certified (good inside), Rain forest, Alliance especially the common code for the coffee community. SOME KEY TECHNIQUES TO BE PAID ATTENTION , Considerations should be given to the environment, economy and social sustainable - Coffee plantations should be designed in a way that to avoid soil erosion - Shade trees for coffee need to be associated together with diversified products - Instead of chemical fertilizers by using organic fertilizer - Appropriate methods should be use for coffee pruning - Increasing of mulching and planting cover crops to conserve soil water in the dry season. - Moderate and effective irrigation SOME KEY TECHNIQUES TO BE PAID ATTENTION (Cont.) - Harvest at the right time, do not pick green, overripe or dry, falling cherries - Limit environmental damage from coffee processing plant waste water treatment. - The coffee sector and climate change - Ongoing research project into the import of climate change on coffee sector - Strategies for mitigation and adaptation - International cooperation. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!!