金色葡萄球菌介绍及图片

金色葡萄球菌介绍及图片 简介 金色葡萄球菌 金黄色葡萄球菌 (Staphyloccocus aureus Rosenbach) 是人类的一种重要病原菌，隶属于葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)，可引起多种严重感染。有“嗜肉菌"的别称。 菌类介绍 细菌按形态可分为:球菌,杆菌,和螺旋菌.金黄色葡萄球菌就是球菌的一种.它是革兰氏阳性菌的代.革兰氏阳性菌就是可以被结晶紫初染,碘液媒染,乙醇处理,沙黄(红色)复染后呈现紫红色的细菌.而革兰氏阴性菌则呈现红色.这些差别源于金黄色葡萄球菌细胞壁的组成和结构不同.金黄色葡萄球菌细胞壁含90%的肽聚糖和10%的磷壁酸.其肽聚糖的网状结构比革兰氏阴性菌致密,造成了不同的染色结果.金黄色葡萄球菌与青霉素的发现有很大的渊源.当年弗莱明就是在他的金黄色葡萄球菌的培养皿中发现有些球菌被杀死了,于是发现了青霉素.而研究也表明青霉素只对以金黄色葡萄球菌为代表的革兰氏阳性菌作用明显.这也是由肽聚糖层的厚度和结构造成的。 生物学特性 典型的金黄色葡萄球菌为球型，直径0.8μm左右，显微镜下排列成葡萄串状。 金黄色葡萄球菌无芽胞、鞭毛，大多数无荚膜，革兰氏染色阳性。金黄色葡萄球菌营养要求不高，在普通培养基上生长良好，需氧或兼性厌氧，最适生长温度37?C，最适生长pH 7.4,干燥环境下可存活数周。平板上菌落厚、有光泽、圆形凸起，直径1~2mm。血平板菌落周围形成透明的溶血环。金黄色葡萄球菌有高度的耐盐性，可在10~15%NaCl肉汤中生长。可分解葡萄糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、蔗糖，产酸不产气。甲基红反应阳性，VP反应弱阳性。许多菌株可分解精氨酸，水解尿素，还原硝酸盐，液化明胶。金黄色葡萄球菌具有较强的抵抗力，对磺胺类药物敏感性低，但对青霉素、红霉素等高度敏感。 感染与致病机理 金黄色葡萄球菌是人类化脓感染中最常见的病原菌，可引起局部化脓感染，也可引起肺炎、伪膜性肠炎、心包炎等，甚至败血症、脓毒症等全身感染。金黄色葡萄球菌的致病力强弱主要取决于其产生的毒素和侵袭性酶: a.溶血毒素:外毒素，分α、β、γ、δ四种，能损伤血小板，破坏溶酶体，引起肌体局部缺血和坏死; b.杀白细胞素:可破坏人的白细胞和巨噬细胞; c.血浆凝固酶:当金黄色葡萄球菌侵入人体时，该酶使血液或血浆中的纤维蛋白沉积于菌体表面或凝固，阻碍吞噬细胞的吞噬作用。葡萄球菌形成的感染易局部化与此酶有关; d.脱氧核糖核酸酶:金黄色葡萄球菌产生的脱氧核糖核酸酶能耐受高温，可用来作为依of support and hanger. Cable hole plugging gaps should use qualified fireproof materials, block surface should have sufficient strength, surface appearance. When cables pass through the firewall, of lax structure of local fire safety clamps. Thermoplastics production, to comply with the process, no bubbles in the thermoplastics pipes, linear nose consistent with the core wire specifications, contact is good, no cracks, break. Tinned copper nose clean solder full exterior surface is smooth without burrs. Control cable Assembly should be fastened, dense, solid, clean, and beautiful. Secondary wiring the cable terminations should be arranged by the actual location of the device line cards, the wiring from the upper to the lower, from left to right in the order. Fixed to maintain consistent spacing between lines, flat, should be around the corner in the same location, same shape, to ensure that the wiring process neater and more elegant. 5 thermal process control measures for quality problems 5.1 control thermal duct system leakage measure to ensure that the use of electric door and actuator installation quality and equipment to the site to check its seal, acceptance, in order to fundamentally solve oil spill problems. Plant for local Panel after installation, in conjunction with the quality Department to check its overall quality, poor-quality parts replacement. Supply good quality of purchasing instrument and ovality of the guarantee instrument tubes as small as possible, selection of high quality, high precision sleeve connector. Instrument pipe welding, construction workers and technicians on every road, every instrument as well recorded and well identified in the instrument, welding welding following the end of each review, responsibility and prevention of welding, welding wrong. Requirements for welding personnel certified, and welding before welding training, select skills good sense to carry out construction, welding quality inspection and acceptance every day to ensure that the welding ... All unreleased material sampling, invited supervision engineers arrived at the scene, after confirmation by the supervising engineer, seal immediately sent authorized bodies in accordance with the requested test indicator test, according to the inspection report and approved by the supervising engineer to review and then transported for the construction. Amount of insulation materials shall 据鉴定金黄色葡萄球菌; e.肠毒素:金黄色葡萄球菌能产生数种引起急性胃肠炎的蛋白质性肠毒素，分为A、B、C1、C2、C3、D、E及F八种血清型。肠毒素可耐受100?C煮沸30分钟而不被破坏。它引起的食物中毒症状是呕吐和腹泻。此外，金黄色葡萄球菌还产生溶表皮素、明胶酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶、肽酶等。 控制方法 ? 防止金黄色葡萄球菌污染食品 防止带菌人群对各种食物的污染:定期对生产加工人员进行健康检查，患局部化脓性感染(如疥疮、手指化脓等)、上呼吸道感染(如鼻窦炎、化脓性肺炎、口腔疾病等)的人员要暂时停止其工作或调换岗位。对肉制品加工厂，患局部化脓感染的禽、畜尸体应除去病变部位，经高温或其他适当方式处理后进行加工生产。 ? 防止金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素的生成 应在低温和通风良好的条件下贮藏食物，以防肠毒素形成;在气温高的春夏季，食物置冷藏或通风阴凉地方也不应超过6小时，并且食用前要彻底加热。 感染处理 有金黄色葡萄球菌感染者，可选用:红霉素、新型青霉素、庆大霉素、万古霉素或先锋霉素?治疗。 流行病学 金黄色葡萄球菌在自然界中无处不在，空气、水、灰尘及人和动物的排泄物中都可找到。因而，食品受其污染的机会很多。近年来，美国疾病控制中心报告，由金黄色葡萄球菌引起的感染占第二位，仅次于大肠杆菌。金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素是个世界性卫生难，在美国由金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素引起的食物中毒，占整个细菌性食物中毒的33%，加拿大则更多，占到45%，我国每年发生的此类中毒事件也非常多。 金黄色葡萄球菌的流行病学一般有如下特点:季节分布，多见于春夏季;中毒食品种类多，如奶、肉、蛋、鱼及其制品。此外，剩饭、油煎蛋、糯米糕及凉粉等引起的中毒事件也有报道。上呼吸道感染患者鼻腔带菌率83%，所以人畜化脓性感染部位，常成为污染源。 一般说，金黄色葡萄球菌可通过以下途径污染食品:食品加工人员、炊事员或销售人员带菌，造成食品污染;食品在加工前本身带菌，或在加工过程中受到了污染，产生了肠毒素，引起食物中毒;熟食制品包装不密封，运输过程中受到污染;奶牛患化脓性乳腺炎或禽畜局部化脓时，对肉体其他部位的污染。 of support and hanger. Cable hole plugging gaps should use qualified fireproof materials, block surface should have sufficient strength, surface appearance. When cables pass through the firewall, of lax structure of local fire safety clamps. Thermoplastics production, to comply with the process, no bubbles in the thermoplastics pipes, linear nose consistent with the core wire specifications, contact is good, no cracks, break. Tinned copper nose clean solder full exterior surface is smooth without burrs. Control cable Assembly should be fastened, dense, solid, clean, and beautiful. Secondary wiring the cable terminations should be arranged by the actual location of the device line cards, the wiring from the upper to the lower, from left to right in the order. Fixed to maintain consistent spacing between lines, flat, should be around the corner in the same location, same shape, to ensure that the wiring process neater and more elegant. 5 thermal process control measures for quality problems 5.1 control thermal duct system leakage measure to ensure that the use of electric door and actuator installation quality and equipment to the site to check its seal, acceptance, in order to fundamentally solve oil spill problems. Plant for local Panel after installation, in conjunction with the quality Department to check its overall quality, poor-quality parts replacement. Supply good quality of purchasing instrument and ovality of the guarantee instrument tubes as small as possible, selection of high quality, high precision sleeve connector. Instrument pipe welding, construction workers and technicians on every road, every instrument as well recorded and well identified in the instrument, welding welding following the end of each review, responsibility and prevention of welding, welding wrong. Requirements for welding personnel certified, and welding before welding training, select skills good sense to carry out construction, welding quality inspection and acceptance every day to ensure that the welding ... All unreleased material sampling, invited supervision engineers arrived at the scene, after confirmation by the supervising engineer, seal immediately sent authorized bodies in accordance with the requested test indicator test, according to the inspection report and approved by the supervising engineer to review and then transported for the construction. Amount of insulation materials shall 医学百科中的图片 金色葡萄球菌(A蛋白) of support and hanger. Cable hole plugging gaps should use qualified fireproof materials, block surface should have sufficient strength, surface appearance. When cables pass through the firewall, of lax structure of local fire safety clamps. Thermoplastics production, to comply with the process, no bubbles in the thermoplastics pipes, linear nose consistent with the core wire specifications, contact is good, no cracks, break. Tinned copper nose clean solder full exterior surface is smooth without burrs. Control cable Assembly should be fastened, dense, solid, clean, and beautiful. Secondary wiring the cable terminations should be arranged by the actual location of the device line cards, the wiring from the upper to the lower, from left to right in the order. Fixed to maintain consistent spacing between lines, flat, should be around the corner in the same location, same shape, to ensure that the wiring process neater and more elegant. 5 thermal process control measures for quality problems 5.1 control thermal duct system leakage measure to ensure that the use of electric door and actuator installation quality and equipment to the site to check its seal, acceptance, in order to fundamentally solve oil spill problems. Plant for local Panel after installation, in conjunction with the quality Department to check its overall quality, poor-quality parts replacement. Supply good quality of purchasing instrument and ovality of the guarantee instrument tubes as small as possible, selection of high quality, high precision sleeve connector. Instrument pipe welding, construction workers and technicians on every road, every instrument as well recorded and well identified in the instrument, welding welding following the end of each review, responsibility and prevention of welding, welding wrong. Requirements for welding personnel certified, and welding before welding training, select skills good sense to carry out construction, welding quality inspection and acceptance every day to ensure that the welding ... All unreleased material sampling, invited supervision engineers arrived at the scene, after confirmation by the supervising engineer, seal immediately sent authorized bodies in accordance with the requested test indicator test, according to the inspection report and approved by the supervising engineer to review and then transported for the construction. Amount of insulation materials shall 金色葡萄球菌(B溶血) 革兰氏染色后 of support and hanger. Cable hole plugging gaps should use qualified fireproof materials, block surface should have sufficient strength, surface appearance. When cables pass through the firewall, of lax structure of local fire safety clamps. Thermoplastics production, to comply with the process, no bubbles in the thermoplastics pipes, linear nose consistent with the core wire specifications, contact is good, no cracks, break. Tinned copper nose clean solder full exterior surface is smooth without burrs. Control cable Assembly should be fastened, dense, solid, clean, and beautiful. Secondary wiring the cable terminations should be arranged by the actual location of the device line cards, the wiring from the upper to the lower, from left to right in the order. Fixed to maintain consistent spacing between lines, flat, should be around the corner in the same location, same shape, to ensure that the wiring process neater and more elegant. 5 thermal process control measures for quality problems 5.1 control thermal duct system leakage measure to ensure that the use of electric door and actuator installation quality and equipment to the site to check its seal, acceptance, in order to fundamentally solve oil spill problems. Plant for local Panel after installation, in conjunction with the quality Department to check its overall quality, poor-quality parts replacement. Supply good quality of purchasing instrument and ovality of the guarantee instrument tubes as small as possible, selection of high quality, high precision sleeve connector. Instrument pipe welding, construction workers and technicians on every road, every instrument as well recorded and well identified in the instrument, welding welding following the end of each review, responsibility and prevention of welding, welding wrong. Requirements for welding personnel certified, and welding before welding training, select skills good sense to carry out construction, welding quality inspection and acceptance every day to ensure that the welding ... All unreleased material sampling, invited supervision engineers arrived at the scene, after confirmation by the supervising engineer, seal immediately sent authorized bodies in accordance with the requested test indicator test, according to the inspection report and approved by the supervising engineer to review and then transported for the construction. Amount of insulation materials shall (革兰氏阳性菌，圆球形，不规则排列) 耐药性的金色葡萄球菌 电镜图 of support and hanger. Cable hole plugging gaps should use qualified fireproof materials, block surface should have sufficient strength, surface appearance. When cables pass through the firewall, of lax structure of local fire safety clamps. Thermoplastics production, to comply with the process, no bubbles in the thermoplastics pipes, linear nose consistent with the core wire specifications, contact is good, no cracks, break. Tinned copper nose clean solder full exterior surface is smooth without burrs. Control cable Assembly should be fastened, dense, solid, clean, and beautiful. Secondary wiring the cable terminations should be arranged by the actual location of the device line cards, the wiring from the upper to the lower, from left to right in the order. Fixed to maintain consistent spacing between lines, flat, should be around the corner in the same location, same shape, to ensure that the wiring process neater and more elegant. 5 thermal process control measures for quality problems 5.1 control thermal duct system leakage measure to ensure that the use of electric door and actuator installation quality and equipment to the site to check its seal, acceptance, in order to fundamentally solve oil spill problems. Plant for local Panel after installation, in conjunction with the quality Department to check its overall quality, poor-quality parts replacement. Supply good quality of purchasing instrument and ovality of the guarantee instrument tubes as small as possible, selection of high quality, high precision sleeve connector. Instrument pipe welding, construction workers and technicians on every road, every instrument as well recorded and well identified in the instrument, welding welding following the end of each review, responsibility and prevention of welding, welding wrong. Requirements for welding personnel certified, and welding before welding training, select skills good sense to carry out construction, welding quality inspection and acceptance every day to ensure that the welding ... All unreleased material sampling, invited supervision engineers arrived at the scene, after confirmation by the supervising engineer, seal immediately sent authorized bodies in accordance with the requested test indicator test, according to the inspection report and approved by the supervising engineer to review and then transported for the construction. Amount of insulation materials shall