语文文体常识总结

语文文体常识总结 文体常识总结 一、寓言 文学体裁的一种。以散文或韵诗的形式，讲述带有劝谕或讽刺意味的故事。结构大多短小，主人公多为动物，也可以是人或非生物。主题多是惩恶扬善，多充满智慧哲理。素材多起源于民间传说。西方文学中最著名的寓言有古希腊的《伊索寓言》等。中国春秋战国时期已盛行寓言，有不少保留在《庄子》《韩非子》等著作中。 二、童话 童话是儿童文学的一种。这种作品通过丰富的想像、幻想和夸张来塑造形象，反映生活，对儿童进行思想教育。语言通俗、生动，故事情节往往离奇曲折，引人入胜。童话又往往采用拟人的，举凡鸟兽虫鱼，花草树木，整个大自然以及家具、玩具都可赋予生命，注入思想感情，使它们人格化。 三、新闻 新闻，又称消息，通常分为动态新闻、综合新闻、典型报道和新闻述评四类。其中动态新闻是报纸、广播最常用的一种。它报道的是国内外最新发生的重大事件或新气象、新成就。 每则新闻在结构上，一般包括标题、导语、主体、结语和背景五部分。前三者是主要部分，后二者是辅助部分。标题一般包括引题、正题、副题;导语，一般指“电头”后的第一句或第一段文字，用来提示消息的重要事实，使读者一目了然;主体，随导语之后，是消息的主干，是集中叙述事件、阐发问题和表明观点的中心部分，是全篇新闻的关键所在;结语，一般指消息的最后一句或一段话，是消息的结尾，它依内容的需要，可有可无;背景，是事物的历史状况或存在的环境、条件，是消息的从属部分，常插在主体部分，也插在“导语”或“结语”之中。 新闻的特点:立场、观点鲜明，内容真实、具体，反应迅速，语言简明准确。 新闻的写法:主要是叙述，有时兼有议论、描写。 四、散文，是狭义的散文，一般称作抒情散文;五四时期，曾有“美文”“小品文”和“随笔”之称;当代又有人称之为“艺术散文”。 散文，是一种描写见闻、表达感悟的自由灵活的文学样式。描写见闻、表达感悟，是就散文的内容而言;自由灵活，是就散文的形式而言。我们欣赏散文，既要细心领会作者对于自然和人生的描述与感悟，又要认真品评作者表达这种感悟所用的形式。 先说内容。作者的感悟，是散文的思想感情、意味情趣的本源。 这种感悟的特点，首先是它体现着作者的个性。其次，作者的感悟包含或暗示着时代和社会的影响。 再说形式。有人说散文姓“散”， “散”就是散淡散漫、自由灵活。这种自由灵活，表现为在服从内容需要的前提下，写法不拘一格，任意起止， 就结构而言，千变万化，文无定法。 就笔法而言，细小处落笔，诗意盎然。 就语言而言，散中见整，清新自然。散文的语言具有朴素、自然、流畅、简净等特点。它不刻意雕饰而不乏文采，不有意追求而自得其意蕴。而且，散文的语言经过情感的陶冶、锻炼，又有很强的抒情味和感染力。 五、戏剧，是一种综合的舞台艺术，它把文学、表演、绘画、雕塑、音乐、舞蹈等多种艺术综合成为一种独立的艺术样式。 戏剧文学，即剧本，是舞台演出的基础，是戏剧的主要组成部分，直接决定着戏剧的思想性和艺术性。 戏剧文学具有两重性。一方面，它作为文学作品，应当具备一般叙事性作品共同的要求;另一方面，它又要受到舞台演出的制约，必须符合舞台艺术的要求。 剧本通常包括两个部分:一是剧作家的舞台提示，内容包括人物表、时间、地点、布景、服装、道具以及人物台词的心理情绪、动作、上下场等等;一是人物自身的台词，包括对话(对唱)、独白(独唱)、旁白(旁唱)等。 戏剧文学为符合舞台艺术的要求，就必须具有自己的特点。 第一，剧本的结构必须遵循空间和时间高度集中的原则。 戏曲剧本在结构上的特点，在话剧、歌剧相比，在时间和空间方面具有很大的自由。在戏曲中，动作是虚拟的、程式化的。 第二，剧本必须有集中、尖锐的矛盾冲突。因此，没有冲突，就没有戏剧。一般的说，剧本的情节结构可以分为开端、发展、高潮和结局四个部分。 第三，剧本主要靠人物用自己的语言和动作来表现自己的性格。 戏剧文学语言的特点，一是要求高度的个性化和充分的表现力，二是要求精练、含蓄、便于激发人们的想象，三是要求明朗动听，能琅琅上口，清亮入耳。 戏剧，可以按不同的分类。 按照表现形式，可以分为话剧、诗剧、歌剧、舞剧、戏曲。 按照内容性质，可以分为悲、喜剧和正剧。正剧，就是能反映悲喜等思想感情的复杂变化的戏剧。 按照题材所涉及的方面，可以分为现代剧、历史剧、神话剧、科学幻想剧、童话剧、儿 童剧。 按照篇幅规模，可以分为多幕剧和独幕剧。 六、诗歌。 文学体裁分为散文、小说、戏剧、诗歌四大类。 (一)诗歌的特点 ?诗歌内容是社会生活最集中的反映。?语言具有精练、形象、音调和谐、节奏鲜明等特点。 (二)诗歌的分类 诗歌按时代可分为古典诗歌和现代诗歌(旧体诗)两大部分。 古典诗歌又有古体诗(又名古诗、古风)、近体诗(又名今体诗、格律诗)、词(又名诗余、长短句、曲词、曲子词)、曲等几种不同形式。 近体诗鼎盛于唐代，除排律外，篇有定句，句有定字，字有定声，韵有定位。它有绝句和律诗两种类型，绝句分五言绝句(五绝)、七言绝句(七绝)两种，律诗分五言律诗(五律)、七言律诗(七律)、排律三种。 词鼎盛于宋代，按字数多少，分为小令(58字内)、中调(59—90字内)和长调(91字以上)三种形式。词调有定格，句有定数，字有定声，韵有定位。 曲鼎盛于元代，有散曲和杂剧两种形式。散曲又有小令(短小的曲子)和套数(又名“套曲”)两种形式。 (三)诗、词、曲的有关知识 ?新诗?旧体诗 新诗是指五四运动前后，新文化运动提倡的用白话写的自由体诗，如《我爱这土地》都是新诗。今人用文言写的格律诗称为旧体诗，如:毛泽东的《沁园春?长沙》，是现代诗歌。 ?古体诗?近体诗 古体诗和近体诗是从诗的音律角度来划分的。二者的主要区别是:近体诗是指唐初形成的，在字数、声韵、对仗等方面都有严格规定的格律诗，古体诗则不讲格律，唐代以前的诗歌都是古体诗。 ?律诗?绝句(又叫截句) 律诗和绝句的区别主要在句数上。绝句只有四句，可以对仗，也可以不对仗。律诗共八句，一二两句为首联，三四两句为颔联，五六两句为颈联，七八两句为尾联;首联和尾联可对仗，可不对仗，颔联和颈联必须对仗;无论律诗还是绝句，都有平仄声的要求。八句以上的律诗为排律。 ?歌?行 古代诗歌体裁，三者无严格区别。音节、格律一般比较自由，形式有五言、七言、杂言，如《茅屋为秋风所破歌》《从军行》。 ?乐府?新乐府 乐府，本是汉武帝时掌管音乐的官署名称，后来成为诗体的名称。汉、魏、南北朝乐府官署采集和创作的乐歌，简称为乐府。新乐府创于初唐。初唐诗人写乐府诗，除沿用汉魏六朝乐府旧题外，有少数诗人另立新题，已与原声韵不同，故称新乐府，到白居易确定了新乐府的名称。 ?题目?词牌 题目和词牌的区别:词的标题是词的内容的体现，词牌是一首词的曲调名称。如《念奴娇?赤壁怀古》中，“念奴娇”是词牌，“赤壁怀古”是题目，揭示该词是一首抒怀词，地点是“赤壁”。词必须有词牌，但不一定有题目。分成两段的词上段称为“上阙”(或“上片”)，下段称为“下阙”(或“下片”) ?散曲 散曲是宋元时代兴起的，由词蜕化出来的一种和乐演奏的歌曲。 七、古代文学体裁 (1)说。古代议论一类文章的总称。它与"论"无多大异。所以后来统称说理辨析文为论说文。如《马说》。 (2)书。书即书信，古人的书信又叫“尺牍”或曰“信札”，是一种应用性文体。多记事陈情，中国古代的抒情散文即始于书信，书信的实用性和审美性的结合十分完美。 (3) 表。是古代向帝王上书陈情言事的一种文体。如诸葛亮的《出师表》。 (4) 赠序。文体名。古代送别各以诗文相赠。集而为之作序的，称为赠序。内容多推崇、赞许或勉励之辞。《送东阳马生序》 (5) 铭。古代刻在器物上用来警戒自己或称述功德的文字叫"铭"，一般用韵。如刘禹锡的《陋室铭》。 (6) 杂记。包括: (1) 山川、景物、人事杂记。描写山川、景物和人事的，如《小石潭记》。 (2) 笔记文。《世说新语》是这类文体。 (7)游记。游记是描写旅行见闻一种散文形式。游记有带议论色彩的，如《岳阳楼记》、《游褒禅山记》;有带科学色彩，如郦道元的《三峡》;有带抒情色彩的，如柳宗元的《小石潭记》。 (8)史书体例 (1)编年体 :以年代为线索编排的有关历史事件，如《左传》。 (2)纪传体:通过记叙人物活动反映历史事件，如《史记》。 (3)国别体:以国家为单位分别记叙的历史。如《战国策》。 (4)通史:不间断地记叙自古及今的历史事件，如《史记》。 (5)断代史:记录某一时期或某一朝代的历史，如《汉书》。 以上六种体例是按照不同标准分的，实际上同一史书按照不同标准可同时归入不同体例。 如《三国志》属纪传体、国别体、断代史。 八、古书。 (1)《史 记》: 武帝长达3000年的历史。全是我国第一部纪传体史书，记载了从传说中的黄帝到汉 书共130篇，包括本纪(帝王传记)12篇，世家(记诸侯本系)30篇，列传(序列人臣事迹)70篇，表10篇，书(记经济、天文、历法、礼乐等方面的情况)8篇。鲁迅称它是“史家之绝唱，无韵之《离骚》”。 (2)《左 传》:又称《春秋左氏传》或《左氏春秋》，是记载春秋时期各诸侯国的政治、经济、军事、外交、文化等方面情况的一部编年体史书。《史记》和《汉书?艺文志》都认为它是孔子的同代人鲁国史官左丘明所作。清代有的学者认为系刘歆改编。近人认为是战国初年人根据各诸侯国史编成。记事起于鲁隐公元年(前722年)，终于鲁哀公十四年(前454年)。《左传》分年记事，没有篇名。 (3)《战国策》:是西汉末年刘向根据战国史书整理编辑的,共33篇，分东周、西周及秦、齐、楚、赵、魏、韩、燕、宋、卫、中山12策。 (4)《三国志》:《三国志》与司马迁的《史记》，班固的《汉书》及范晔的《后汉书》并称为”“前四史”。记载三国时期的纪传体断代史书,全书65卷,分为魏、蜀、吴三书。作者陈寿。 (5)《墨子》:现在一般认为是墨子的弟子及再传弟子关于墨子言行的辑录。墨子，中国先秦墨家学派创始人。中国战国时期著名思想家、政治家、军事家。 他生于鲁国(今山东滕州一带)。他曾提出“兼爱”“非攻”等观点，创立墨家学说，并有《墨子》传世。墨学在当时影响很大，与儒家并称“显学”。 (6)《孟子》:是孟子及其门人所作，是儒家重要经典之一。孟子，名轲，字子舆，邹(现在山东邹城市)人，是孔子之孙孔彶的再传弟子。中国古代战国时期的思想家、教育家、散文家、政治家。孟轲发展了孔子的“礼治”和“德政”思想，提倡“王道”，主张“仁政”。 被称为“亚圣”，地位仅次于孔子。其思想与孔子思想合称为“孔孟之道”。 (7)《庄子》是庄周及其后学的著作集，为道家经典之一。庄子，名周， 战国时代宋国蒙人。著名思想家、哲学家，是道家学派的代表人物，老子哲学思想的继承者和发展者，先秦庄子学派的创始人。后世将他与老子并称为“老庄”，他们的哲学为“老庄哲学”。 (8)《列子》八卷，早已散佚。今本《列子》是东晋人搜集有关的古代资料编写而成，里面保存了不少先秦时代的寓言故事和神话传说。列子，名寇，又名御寇，郑国人，战国前期道家代表人物之一。 (9)《韩非子》共20卷，55篇。笔锋犀利，说理透辟，常用寓言故事阐明事理，富有说服力。其中许多寓言故事一直流传于世，《智子疑邻》就是其中的一篇。韩非，战国末期韩国人，著名思想家。 (10)《诗经》《诗经》是我国第一部诗歌总集，共收入自西周至春秋大约五百多年的诗歌 305篇。，也称“诗三百”，《诗经》共分风(160篇)、雅(105篇)、颂(40篇)三大部分。 “风”，又叫“国风”，是各地的歌谣。 九、名著。 (1)《三国演义》 不仅是我国章回小说的开山作;而且也是我国最有成就的长篇历史小说;它全称为《三国志通俗演义》，又称《三国志演义》。它是罗贯中根据陈寿的《三国志》和传说资料编写而成的。它与《水浒传》《西游记》《红楼梦》被合称为“中国古典小说四大名著”。 罗贯中,号湖海散人，他是元末明初杰出的小说家。《三国演义》共24卷，240则。 (2)、《水浒传》 是我国小说史上第一部描写农民起义的长篇小说。由元末明初人施耐庵加工整理、再创作而成。 水浒中的一百单八将传说是三十六个天罡星和七十二个地煞星转世。其中有林冲、鲁智深、李逵、武松、宋江、吴用、杨志、燕青、石秀等主要人物。 (3)、《西游记》 是我国第一部长篇神怪小说，作者吴承恩是明代著名小说家。 《西游记》共一百回。主要情节有孙悟空的出世，远游求道，闯龙宫，搅冥府，大闹天宫等内容，孙悟空被迫皈依佛门，保护唐僧取经，在八戒、沙僧协助下，一路斩妖除邪，经历九九八十一难，最终化险为夷，到西天取回了真经，成了修信的“正果”。 《西游记》以唐僧取经故事为线索，主人公是神猴孙悟空,另有唐僧、八戒、沙僧等。 (4)、《红楼梦》 我国最优秀的古典长篇章回小说。全书共120回，前80回是清代曹雪芹作，后40回一般认为是高鹗续写。 这部小说描写了贾宝玉和林黛玉的爱情悲剧以及贾、王、史、薛“四大家族”的衰落过程，反映了封建社会残酷的阶级压迫，揭露了封建的黑暗和腐朽，显示了它必然崩溃的历史趋势。它在批判封建社会的同时，对封建制度的叛逆者进行了热情的歌颂。 贾宝玉和林黛玉是两个具有叛逆精神的典型。其中的主要人物如贾宝玉、林黛玉、薛宝钗、王熙凤等已成为不朽的艺术典型。全书以宝、黛爱情和贾府由盛而衰为线索。 (5)《梦溪笔谈》是我国第一部用笔记文体写成的综合性学术专著，作者是北宋沈括。 (6)《聊斋志异》是我国第一部优秀的文言短篇小说集，作者是清代著名小说家蒲松龄。 (7)《儒林外史》是我国第一部优秀的长篇讽刺小说，作者是清代伟大的小说家吴敬梓。 十、现代文体:现代文体主要指小说、诗歌、散文、戏剧、文学、儿童文学、民间文学、杂文等。此外还有实用文，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文四类。 1 、记叙文的六要素是指所写事件的 时间 、 地点 、 人物 、 起因 、 经过 、 结果 。 2 、根据需要，记叙文可采用第一人称( 我、我们 )，第二人称( 你、你们 )，第三人称(他、他们)，一般的说 第一人称 和 第三人称 经常使用。 3 、记叙文的中心思想，是指通过 写人 、 记事 、 写景 、状物所表现出来的对生活的主要看法。中心思想必须 明确、集中 。 4 、材料是文章的骨肉，是为表现 中心思想 服务的;中心思想是文章的灵魂，是统率 材料 的。 5、 能突出中心思想的主要材料要 写得具体些、详细些 ;对表现中心思想起一定作用次要材料要 写得概括些、简略些，详略得当，可以使文章主次分明，中心突出 。 6、 记叙的顺序一般有 顺叙 、 倒叙 、 插叙 。 7 、线索，指 贯穿文章全部材料的脉络 。 8 、说明文根据说明对象可分为 事物 说明文和 事理 说明文。 9 、说明事物必须抓住事物的 特征 。所谓“特征”就是 该事物区别于其他事物的 主要标志。抓住了特征也就抓住了事物的本质。 10、 说明顺序主要有 时间顺序 、 空间顺序 、 逻辑顺序 。逻辑顺序主要有六种: 到 局部 ，由 概括 到 具体 ，由 现象到 本质 ，由 一般 到 特殊 ，由 主要 到 由 整体 次要 ， 由 原因 到 结果 。 11、 常见的说明方法有 下定义 、 分类别 、 列数字 、 举例子 、 作比较 、打比方 、 作诠释 、 配图表 等。 12 、为了说明对象的特征、本质更加鲜明突出，或者使文章更生动，更有趣味性，可以在说明中适当的 描写 和 叙述 。 13 、议论文的三要素是 论点 、 论据 、 论证 。论点是作者对所议论的问题所持的 见解 和 主张 ，是议论文的灵魂。一篇议论文一般只有一个 中心 论点 ，有的议论文还围绕中心论点提出几个 分论点 ，分论点是用来 补充和证明 中心论点的。 14 、直接提出的中心论点在文中的位置，或在 开头 ，或在 中间 ，或在 结尾 ，有的文章 标题 就是中心论点。 15 、论据是作者 阐述 或 论证 论点的根据。要让别人赞同自己论点，作者就得拿 事实 和 道理 作为根据来证明它的正确性。 16 、用来论据的事实，包括有代表性的确凿的 事例 或 史实 以及 统计数字 等。事实可以是具体的，也可以是概括的。 17、 用作论据的道理，应该是经过实践检验的，包括 马克思列宁主义、 毛泽东思想 的精辟理论，名人的 名言警句 以及 人们公认的 事理等、自然科学的 原理 、 定律 、公式 等。 18 、论点和论据的关系是 被证明 和 证明 的关系。论证是运用论据来证明论点的过程和方法, 19 、论证方法有 举例论证 、 道理论证 、 对比论证 、比喻论证等，在驳论中还采用“以子之矛攻子之盾”法和“归谬法”。 20 、议论文的论证方式有 立论 和 驳论 。 21 、小说的三要素是指 人物 、 故事情节 、 环境 。 22 、小说是以 刻画人物形象 为中心，通过完整的 故事情节和具体的 环境描写 来反映社会生活的一种文学体裁。 23 、小说中刻画人物的方法多种多样，可以有 肖像描写 、 语言描写 、 动作描写 、 心理描写，也可以通过其他人物的反映和态度进行 侧面 描写。 24 、小说的故事情节有 开端 、 发展 、 高潮 、 结局 ，有时前面有 序幕 ，后面有 尾声。 25 、小说中的环境描写包括社会环境:主要交代作品的时代背景、社会习俗、思想观念和人与人之间的关系。自然环境(包括人物活动的地点、季节、气候、时间以及场景):用以表现人物身份、地位、性格，烘托气氛，表现人物感情等。 26 、根据篇幅的长短，小说分为 长篇小说 、 中篇小说 、 短篇小说 ，短篇小说中千字以下的叫 微型小说，也称小小说。 27 、塑造人物形象 是小说反映社会生活的主要手段。小说是通过 情节 来展示人物性格，表现主题的。小说的人物形象是以 现实生活 为依据，经过 艺术加工 创造出来的。他 比生活中的真事更集中，更完整，更具有代表性。 十一、作家作品并称 1、文章西汉两司马:司马相如、司马迁。 2、史界两司马:司马迁、司马光。 3、三曹:曹操、曹丕、曹植。 、初唐四杰:王勃、杨炯、卢照邻、骆宾王。 4 5、唐宋八大家:韩愈、柳宗元、欧阳修、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、王安石、曾巩。 6、三苏:苏洵、苏轼、苏辙。 7、元曲四大家:关汉卿、郑光祖、白朴、马致远。 8、欧美三大短篇小说家:莫泊桑、契诃夫、欧?亨利。 9、风骚:《诗经》和《楚辞》。 10、乐府双璧:《木兰诗》和《孔雀东南飞》。 11、三吏三别:《石壕吏》、《潼关吏》、《新安吏》和《新婚别》、《垂老别》、《无家别》。 12、中国小说四大名著:《三国演义》、《水浒传》、《西游记》、《红楼梦》。 13、莎士比亚四大悲剧:《哈姆雷特》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》、《奥赛罗》。 14、四书、五经:四书指《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》。五经指:《诗经》、《书经》、《易经》、《礼记》、《春秋》。 葛朗台、《威尼斯商人》中的夏洛克、15、世界名著中四大吝啬鬼:《欧也妮?葛朗台》中的 《死魂灵》中的泼留希金、《悭吝人》中的阿巴贡。 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.