学龄前儿童教育

学龄前儿童教育 小儿出生后经过三年的发育，进入学龄前期，这是人一生中很重要的时期，人的许多基本能力在这个年龄阶段形成，如口头语言、基本动作以及某些生活习惯等，性也在该期初步形成，所以，不能忽视这一时期的教育及心理护理。早期教育包括体、智、德、美四个方面。 体育:是早期教育中的首要任务。培养儿童良好的生活卫生习惯和独立生活能力，发展儿童的基本动作，如走、跑、跳、攀、登等。要完成这些任务，只有保健护理、保育营养还不够，还必须开展一定的体育活动，以掌握某些技能，使儿童的骨胳、肌肉和各种脏器得到锻炼，提高适应能力和各种功能。 智育:早期进行智力教育重要的不是传授深奥的科学知识，而是要把开发儿童的智力作为重点即发展儿童的注意力、观察力、记忆力、思维力和想象力，以及口语达能力。学龄前期的智力教育，是为今后的教育打基础的，错过这个时期，以后再学习就十分困难了，甚至无法补偿，比如口语就是如此。一个人如果在学龄前期没有练习说话的机会，待到成人后即使花费很大的精力，也达不到正常人的口语水平。我们要从培养儿童智力、学习习惯和学习兴趣几方面做准备，而不能以识多少字，学了几册算术作为儿童智力高低的标准。 德育:是指对儿童的品德教育。人的品德的形成起来有三种因素，即对品德的认识、情感和行为。学龄前儿童对事物认识水平比较低，许多抽象的道理还不能理解，只能够了解比较直接的、简单的是非标准，并且能够培养一些待人接物的初步行为习惯，如礼貌、善良、诚实等。儿童的模仿性强，社会上许多事情都会不知不觉影响他们，如不主动地进行教育，儿童则会自然而然地学会许多不良的行为习惯。因此，品德教育要靠成人细致地将教育内容渗透到儿童的全部生活中去，绝不是仅靠说教、讲大道理所能奏效的。 美育:是指对儿童的审美教育。生活中有许多自然现象和社会现象会使人产生美的感受，某些艺术形式就是将这些美的内容加以提炼、升华的结果。对儿童进行审美教育，就是要培养他们有意识地体验生活中的美、并教给他们初步的技能技巧，来表现出自己美的感受，甚至进行某些创造。艺术形式具有形象、生动的特点，大都用声音、色彩或动作姿态来描绘，这正符合学龄前儿童的心理特点。所以，艺术形式能够引起儿童的注意和兴趣，易使之受到艺术的感染和熏陶，rAt present, we have formed a "three-three" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs in the next decade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve the roads, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieve full coverage of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leading industries, in particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" Park, industrial agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starting area of the industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manner ... ... Transfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize government service. Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business environment, it is ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination and approval system, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and approval matters, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are not allowed to keep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilities 如歌曲、乐曲、舞蹈、诗歌、美工、文学作品等都是对儿童知识经验少，理解和欣赏水平低，生理上还不成熟所以只能选择那些浅显易懂的作品。 我们周围的环境，以及人的行为、语言对培养儿童的美感都有着深刻的影响，所以，幼儿园和家庭环境的美化、成人的举止、行为、服饰都很重要。 学龄前儿童，在心理护理上应注意心理特征。此时的儿童抽象思维已经产生，能够对抽象的数概念有所认识;创造想象也已出现，个别儿童还能画出很新颖的画面，编出有情趣的小故事。因此，家庭生活环境和社会生活环境都要给儿童创造一个良好的氛围，要让儿童从日常的生活中，感受真善美的陶冶，通过耳濡目染，培养儿童良好的品质，使其心理在一种健康、向上、友爱的环境中得到发展。在心理护理上，要十分注意，对儿童切忌采用粗暴简单的训斥，这样容易使儿童产生自卑心理;也不能采用迁就、纵容的方法，这样就会使儿童产生不辨是非，自以为是的心理，采用正面引导，循循善诱的方法，如通过劳动培养儿童勤劳、助人为乐的品德，让孩子在心理上感受到劳动后的愉快及帮助他人后的快乐。在儿童的心理护理上还应注意顺其自然，要和儿童教育、儿童保健紧密地结合起来。护理得当，可使儿童教育达到事半功倍的效果. 人的一生中要接受三方面教育，即家庭教育，学校教育和社会教育。家庭教育作为人生接受教育最早，影响时间最长的一种基本形式，在年轻一代的成长过程中起着十分重要的作用，是学校教育不可替代的。 随着知识经济时代的到来，科学技术的裂变效应和市场经济的竞争，知识更新的速度不断加快，我们的家庭教育面临着巨大的挑战。绝大多数的家长由于自己所学的专业和工作与教育没有直接的联系，对子女的教育多是凭感情、凭经验，在教育子女问题上方法不当，子女普遍存在娇气、霸气、遇事缺少主见、意志力薄弱等现象，这种状况怎么解决呢,笔者认为要让子女健康快乐地成长，应采取以下方法: 一、消除家长对子女造成的恐惧 初中阶段是孩子们“翻坎”的阶段，由于种种原因，学习成绩有所下降，家长心情比较着急、浮躁。孩子与家长之间出现了对立的情绪，这时的家 长应先冷静下来，学会耐心等待子女的成长。有专家说道:“孩子避免失败的愿望比争取成功的愿望更强烈。为了防止最小的可能的失败，宁愿降低努力的水平。”这就rAt present, we have formed a "three-three" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs in the next decade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve the roads, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieve full coverage of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leading industries, in particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" Park, industrial agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starting area of the industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manner ... ... Transfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize government service. Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business environment, it is ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination and approval system, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and approval matters, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are not allowed to keep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilities 是家长造成的恐惧使孩子失去主动进取的重要原因之一。希望家长不要一看到成绩考差了，就来一顿“审讯”，甚至痛笞，以免孩子失去信心、家长应对孩子的学习从过程去，这样比从结果去要求更科学，效果更理想。 二、为子女建立自信心 发明家爱迪生，幼年求知欲很强，喜欢追根寻源。他向老师提出“2+2为什么等于4”的问题，因此闯下大祸。刚进校3个月的他，被勒令退学。他的母亲十分悲愤，下决心亲自教育儿子成长，为儿子建立自信心，给他讲文学、物理和化学，培养他爱学习，爱科学的习惯。爱迪生的求知欲因此进一步被激发起来。“天才”的萌芽在不知不觉中成长，最终成为举世闻明的发明家。可见成功源于自信，自信心的树立，来自于周围的人们的常识。做父亲的都不赏识自己的孩子，孩子的自信从何而来,爱迪生的母亲不赏识自己的儿子，就没有今天的发明家爱迪生，对目前发展比较差的孩子，家长要用放大镜找他们的闪光点，帮助子女树立克服困难的信心。当子女需要帮助时，家长的帮助要掌握一个度，绝不可越佾越疱，要留有余地。如:孩子问某字怎么写，有的家长会随口报出来，这样做最省力，但十分要不得。碰到孩子问某字怎么写，倒不如鼓励孩子“你不是会查字典吗,先查查看，再来告诉爸爸(妈妈)。”(这样的引导，孩子会欣然去查字典)。这样不仅省却了家长的许多时间，更重要的培养了孩子的自已动手攫取知识的。而这种能力在人的一生中是非常重要的。只有让孩子们跳一跳，通过自己的努力取得成功，孩子才能体会到成功的喜悦，从而建立起自信心。 三、与子女一起成长，做子女的知心朋友 随着社会的进步和科学技术的迅猛发展，人们所要学习的更新的东西越来越多。作为家长，应随时体现出求知上进的精神，给子女作出榜样。“爸爸妈妈同样在学习，在进步啊!”使子女明白学习新知，不断进步是伴随人终生的。其次要经与子女沟通，努力缩短与子女心灵的距离，原意听子女淡知心话，真实地了解自己的子女，教育子女健康成长。 在教育子女时切忌使用“没出息”、“傻瓜”等侮辱性语言，更不要以讥讽语气，来冷嘲热讽子女，冷漠子女，这样会抹杀子女的自信心，给子女造成极大的心理压力，阻碍子女的成长和进步。 rAt present, we have formed a "three-three" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs in the next decade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve the roads, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieve full coverage of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leading industries, in particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" Park, industrial agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starting area of the industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manner ... ... Transfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize government service. Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business environment, it is ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination and approval system, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and approval matters, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are not allowed to keep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilities “让子女有出息”是家长永恒的需求，教育子女的方法多种多样，子女的个体情况，家庭环境，家长素质等都是重要的因素，家庭教育要有效地配合学校教育，达到共同教育好学生的目的，让孩子快乐健康成长。 在孩子的成长过程中，爱的因素非常重要。但是，当爱失去理智或失去限度时，对孩子的爱就成为极端的爱，这往往会导致孩子身心发展出现障碍，心灵发生扭曲，对孩子将来的人生发展有着不良影响。 .. 对孩子的爱的极端表现有: 1、认为只要无限地满足孩子的物质需要，就是爱孩子，其实这是一种无知的爱。孩子对爱的需要不仅是 物质上，更重要的是精神上。生活中，有的家长只注意给孩子补充各种营养品，却忽视了对孩子良好的道德行为习惯和社会适应能力的培养。有的家长给孩子买了许多书籍或买了电脑，却没有正确地引导孩子去读书或正确地使用电脑，也不明白对孩子的精神鼓励、赞扬、肯定和必要的心理支持都是爱，然而，这种精神上的爱对孩子的成长更加重要。 2、家长过分保护孩子，为孩子做了许多本应由孩子自己去做的事情，这无形中剥夺了孩子发展自己能力的机会，也降低了他们的自立精神与自信心。这种爱限制了孩子的自我发展，对孩子将来独立的社会生活产生不利影响。 3、对孩子的要求过于苛刻，常常批评，甚至体罚孩子。有的家长的确非常爱孩子，但是，在观念上错误地认为“棍棒底下出孝子”，“不打不成材”。每当孩子的表现与家长的想象不一样时，就通过打骂来解决问题，这种做法往往对孩子的身心发展造成难以弥补的创伤。这种爱给孩子带来的不是欢乐，而是痛苦。这种望子成龙的爱往往会形成相反的情绪或情感――恨，对家长、对他人、对社会、甚至对自己的恨。家长应该充分肯定孩子的优点，培养其自信心，而不是发现问题就批评、指责或惩罚，才有可能使孩子获得更好的发展。 我记得有一位外国科学家说过这样一句话:“父母是孩子的第一所学校”。的确，父母的教育伴随着孩子的成长，教育是否得当，将直接影响到孩子的将来，所以说家庭教育尤为重要，是个必不可少的课题，“望子成龙“是家长们的共同心愿，每个家长都希望把自己的孩子培养成为一个将来对国家对社会有用的人才，这样就需要我们做家长的在这方面付出努力。 rAt present, we have formed a "three-three" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs in the next decade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve the roads, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieve full coverage of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leading industries, in particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" Park, industrial agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starting area of the industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manner ... ... Transfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize government service. Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business environment, it is ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination and approval system, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and approval matters, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are not allowed to keep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilities 对于“怎样教育好子女,“一直以来都是广大家长们共同探讨的话题，一边是社会，学校所关注的，教育孩子的方式方法多种多样，对于每个孩子的教育方法并非千般一律，应因人而异，这其中就大有学问，教育孩子应根据他的性格特点，兴趣，爱好，行为习惯等采取相应的方法，这样才能取到好的效果。 教育孩子应先从“德、智、体、美、善”五个方面抓起，即素质教育，首先，家长教育自己的孩子必须从小就要做一个品德良好的好孩子，可以举一些实例或者通过看电视，漫画等引导孩子告诉他在生活中也要做一个像其中的人物一样。 二、家长平时应多关心子女的学习成绩，使他感觉到大人很在乎他的学习，不要不闻不问，这样他会感觉到学得没劲，另外，家长与孩子共同制定出一个目标，实行奖罚分明，当达到该目标时，家长应遵守“”给予相应的奖励，若没达标时，家长也不应责怪，打骂孩子，应鼓励帮助指导他，这样才能重新树立起他的信心。家长应教孩子养成“不耻下问”的好习惯，独立思考，善于分析难题等良好读书习惯，教他学东西时应灵活掌握，不要死记硬背，“读死书，死读书”的学习方法不管用，时间花不少，效果却一般，比如有的孩子抄写生字，写了一排，过段时间他还是写不出来，这种方法太“死”，家长应多教一些好的方法结子女。 三、“健康是财富”，家长应教孩子多参加体育锻炼，早起早睡，平时打打篮球，跑跑步等对身体很好。 四、家长应教育孩子从小就要养成心地善良的好孩子，多做好事，对人有礼貌，教他们怎样待人接物。 另外，父母的言行举止对子女影响非常大，这一点应引起家长的重视，说话要得体，办事要认真，给子女树立一个好的形象，告诉他们一些做人的道理，平时在家里给他们布置一些力所能及的事，自己的事自己做，当天的事当天完成，给孩子制定一个作息时间表，使他们养成良好的生活习惯。 总之，教育孩子的方法有许多，这就需要我们做家长的平时应做到有一颗爱心，还要细心、用心、耐心。我相信只要我们家长能做到这几点，再加上学校和社会的共同关心，我们的孩子未来一定能够成为一个对国家，对社会的有用人才。 rAt present, we have formed a "three-three" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs in the next decade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve the roads, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieve full coverage of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leading industries, in particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" Park, industrial agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starting area of the industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manner ... ... Transfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize government service. Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business environment, it is ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination and approval system, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and approval matters, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are not allowed to keep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilities