(玛丽莲梦露步态)

(玛丽莲梦露步态) 國立台灣大學物理治療學系九十一學年度/ 肌動學期末考試 Multiple Choice: Directions: Beneath each of the following questions are four lettered phrases or sentences marked (a), (b), (c), and (d), but ONLY ONE best fits the answer. Please decide which one is the closest correct answer. Then, write down the corresponding letter of the answer you have chosen on your answer sheet. 1. A toeing-in gait is defined as a walking pattern with exaggerated hip internal rotation. Which of the following deformities may be one of the possible reasons? a. genu recurvatum b. coxa valgum c. excessive anteversion d. pes equinovarus 2. The Trendelenburg gait (瑪麗蓮夢露步態) is characterized by the pelvis dropping to the unsupported leg. Which of the following muscles may be most likely to be weak or paralyzed (麻痺)? a. gluteus medius of the stance leg b. gluteus medius of the unsupported leg c. adductor longus of the stance leg d. adductor longus of the unsupported leg 3. In question #2, if the right leg is the stance leg, the motion of pelvis during the Trendelenburg gait is defined as ______. a. lateral tilt to the left b. lateral tilt to the right c. anterior tilt d. posterior tilt 4. The anterior tilt of the pelvis is performed by a force couple between _____. a. hip flexors and abdominal muscles b. hip flexors and back extensors c. hamstrings and abdominal muscles d. hamstrings and back extensors 5. Right forward torsion of the sacroiliac joint occurs on the _____ axis of the sacrum. a. transverse b. vertical c. right diagonal d. left diagonal 6. By comparing the sternoclavicular joint with the pubic joint, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? a. The sternoclavicular joint is a synovial joint while the pubic joint is a fibrocartilage joint. b. Both the sternoclavicular joint and the pubic joint are characterized by a disc between two joint surfaces. c. There are several muscles attached on the sternoclavicular joint while no muscles attached on the pubic joint. d. The sternoclavicular joint is a saddle joint while the pubic joint is a plain joint. 1 國立台灣大學物理治療學系九十一學年度/ 肌動學期末考試 7. When an individual lies down on a table and raises one leg toward the ceiling with knee extension, which of the following muscles is stretched (拉長) because of the nature of two-joint muscle? a. the rectus femoris b. the gastrocnemius c. the adductor longus d. the hamstrings 8. As the same initial position in Question #7, which of the pelvic motion will follow if both legs are raised? a. lateral tilt to the left b. lateral tilt to the right c. anterior tilt d. posterior tilt 9. Which of the following joints is a synovial joint? a. uncovertebral joint b. acromioclavicular joint c. anterior atlantoaxial joint d. intervertebral joint 10. Which of the following motions occurs mainly in the occipit-altantal joint? a. active flexion/extension in cervical neutral position b. active rotation in cervical neutral position c. active flexion/extension in cervical maximum rotated position d. active rotation in cervical maximum flexed position 11. When you want to perform a pure cervical sidebending to left side, the motion must be a combination of _____ of the lower cervical spine and _____ of the upper cervical spine. a. right sidebending, left sidebending b. right sidebending, left rotation c. left sidebending, right sidebending d. left sidebending, right rotation 12. Sidebending to the right side in the lower cervical spine indicates that right facet moves _____ and the left facet moves _____. a. anterosuperior, posteroinferior b. posteroinferior, anterosuperior c. anteroinferior, posterosuperior d. posterosuperior, anteroinferior 13. The sternocleidomastoid flexes the lower cervical spine but need assistance of _____ the cervical lordosis from ______. a. increasing, upper trapezius b. increasing, longus capitus c. flattening, upper trapezius d. flattening, longus capitus 2 國立台灣大學物理治療學系九十一學年度/ 肌動學期末考試 14. The levetor scapula acts as scapula adduction, downward rotation and elevation. What is its agonists for these motions? a. serratus anterior b. teres major c. lower trapezius d. rhomboid major 15. When a pure scapula adduction is performed, which of the following muscles should be activated as a neutralizer for the levetor scapula? a. serratus anterior b. teres major c. lower trapezius d. rhomboid major 16. Which of the following muscles is NOT responsible for elevation of the arm? a. deltoid muscle b. teres major c. supraspinatus d. long head of the biceps 17. What is the closed-packed position of the glenohumeral joint? a. 90?of abduction and full external rotation b. 90?of abduction and full internal rotation c. 60?of abduction and full external rotation d. 60?of abduction and full internal rotation 18. Which of the following ligaments does NOT cross over a joint? a. acromioclavicular ligament b. coracoacromial ligament c. coracoclavicular ligament d. coracohumeral ligament 19. According to the concave-convex rule, external rotation of the glenohumeral joint accompanies with _____ of femoral head on the glenoid cavity. a. anterior glide b. posterior glide c. superior glide d. infeior glide 20. Torticollis indicates a condition of shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. If a boy with right sternocleidomastoid muscle is involved, his head will develop a poor posture with _____. a. sidebending to the right and rotation to the right b. sidebending to the right and rotation to the left c. sidebending to the left and rotation to the right d. sidebending to the right and rotation to the left 3 國立台灣大學物理治療學系九十一學年度/ 肌動學期末考試 21. An athlete (運動員) had his quadriceps injured. If he feels OK during squatting but painful as the knee flexion with the hip extension, which of the following muscles is expected to be injured? a. vastus medialis b. vastus lateralis c. vastus intermedialis d. rectus femoris 22. The screw home mechanism of the knee joint describes the phenomenon that continuous _____ of the femur accompanies the completion of knee extension during closed kinematic chain motions. a. inward b. outward c. upward d. downward 23. Which of the following postures would have the greatest patellar compression force? a. kicking a soccer b. knee extension exercise in sitting position c. deep squatting d. straight leg raising in lying position 24. During downhill running, the tibia displaces anteriorly because of the increased action of the gravity. Which of the following structures is NOT responsible for this requirement? a. tibialis anterior b. popliteus c. anterior cruciate ligament d. posterior capsule of the knee joint 25. Which of the following structures is NOT responsible for lateral stability of the talocrural joint? a. peroneus longus b. calcaneofibular ligament c. tibialis posterior d. anterior talofibular ligament 26. Which of the following postures would have the greatest stability of the talocrural joint? a. kicking a soccer b. wearing high-heeled shoes c. deep squatting d. landing from jumping 27. Which of the following postures would lock the foot joints? a. keeping the subtalar joint in the pronated position b. keeping the subtalar joint in the supinated position c. keeping the midtarsal joint in the pronated position d. keeping the midtarsal joint in supinated position 4 國立台灣大學物理治療學系九十一學年度/ 肌動學期末考試 28. As the foot is at the propulsive period of a gait cycle, the subtalar joint _____ to establish a rigid lever and pulleys for extrinsic muscles. At this moment, the tibia becomes _____ to convert the torque from transverse rotation of the foot. a. supinates, rotates inward b. pronates, rotates inward c. supinates, rotates outward d. pronates, rotates outward 29. Same motion as Question #28, which of the following muscles may be activated in this phase to complete this requirement? a. gastrocnemius b. tibialis anterior c. extensor digitorum longus d. peroneus longus 30. Which of the following joints does NOT have 2 axes of rotation? a. radiocarpal joint b. first metatarsophalangeal joint c. first carpometacarpal joint d. first proximal interphalangeal joint 31. Which of the following descriptions about the talocrural joint is TRUE? a. The convex talus articulates with the concave mortice made up of the tibia and fibula. b. The concave talus articulates with the convex mortice made up of the tibia and fibula. c. The convex talus articulate with the concave calcaneus. d. The concave talus articulate with the convex calcaneus. 32. The lumbar lordosis _____ when the pelvis tilt posteriorly during erect stance because the lumbar spine is _____ following posterior tilt of the pelvis at stance. a. increases; flexed b. increases; extended c. decreases; flexed d. decreases; extended 33. Which of the following statement about the trabecular system of the bone is NOT TRUE? a. The orientation of the trabecular system can be followed to the weight bearing area. b. The trabeculae from the center of the pelvis are continuous with the lateral trabecular system of the femur. c. There are medial, lateral, medial accessory, lateral accessory trabecular systems in the femur. d. The zone of the weakness of the femoral neck where there is no trabecular system is located at the inferior aspect of the femoral neck. 5 國立台灣大學物理治療學系九十一學年度/ 肌動學期末考試 34. Shoulder abduction is completed by the following movements EXCEPT a. superior glide of the medial end of the clavicle b. posterior rotation of the clavicle c. inferior glide of the humeral head d. upward rotation of the scapula 35. Concerning with the Q angle, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? a. The Q angle describes the angle formed by the mechanical axis of the femur and the line representing the patella. b. Increase in the Q angle will pull the patella laterally. c. The Q angle is greater in women than men. d. The Q angle is the abbreviation (簡稱) of the quadriceps angle. 36. Which of the following muscles is NOT attached on the humerus bone? a. teres minor b. subscapularis c. pectoralis minor d. supraspinatus 37. Which of the following statements about the angle of torsion of the femur is NOT TRUE? a. It indicates the relative rotation that exists between the shaft and neck of the femur in the transverse plane. b. For a healthy adult, it is approximately 10?,15?. c. A retroversion deformity indicates that this angle is greater than 20? d. It presents a larger degree in newborn. 38. The acetabulum faces _____, _____, and lateral. a. anterior, superior b. anterior, inferior c. posterior, superior d. posterior, inferior 39. During quiet stance, the body sways back and forth in the anteroposterior position. When the body leans backward, the _____ muscle contracts _____ in order to prevent backward falling. a. titbialis anterior, concentrically b. soleus, concentrically c. tibialis anterior, eccentrically d. soleus, eccentrically 40. According to adaptive-shortness theory, which of the following muscles would be short for a forward head posture? a. rhomboid b. multifidus c. upper trapezius d. rectus capitis posterior major 6 國立台灣大學物理治療學系九十一學年度/ 肌動學期末考試 41. A sway back posture is defined as the erect posture when the hip is hyper-extended and the pelvis is posteriorly rotated. Which of the following ligaments may be the passive checking factor for the hip joint if an erect posture is maintained? a. iliofemoral b. pubofemoral c. ischiofemoral d. teres femoris 42. In terms of equilibrium of erect stance, dynamic stability of the ankle joint is dependent on _____. a. peroneus longus b. calf muscles c. tibialis anterior d. tibialis posterior 43. In question #42, this muscle contracts _____ in order to resist external stresses. a. concentrically b. eccentrically c. isometrically d. isokinetically 44. The center of mass is an imaginary point where the entire mass of the body is concentrated. The center of mass of a standing individual is located around _____. a. lower thoracic spine b. center of the trunk c. upper part of the sacrum d. tip of the coccyx 45. Which of the following statements about the ideal erect posture is NOT TRUE? a. An ideal erect posture represents the average posture of most people. b. The line of gravity passes through the vertebral bodies of the cervical and lumbar area for an ideal erect posture. c. An ideal erect posture presents a symmetrical alignment in the anterior view. d. An ideal erect posture requires a minimum stress and strain 46. Locomotion in human beings is defined as the act of moving the body from place to place. Which of the following conditions is NOT one form of locomotion? a. creeping b. stunting c. wheelchair propelling d. throwing a ball 47. According to EMG (肌電圖) studies, the tibialis anterior becomes active in the early period of the stance phase (from heel strike to foot flat). This muscle action is more likely to _____. a. counterbalance the contraction of the plantarflexor by co-contraction b. lower down the foot at a controlled speed by eccentric contraction c. slap the foot against the ground by concentric contraction d. provide sufficient clearance between the foot and the ground 7 國立台灣大學物理治療學系九十一學年度/ 肌動學期末考試 48. Which of the following joint has the greatest sagittal-plane angular displacement during a gait cycle? a. pelvis b. hip c. knee d. ankle 49. Walking speed varies among persons. A healthy young adult can walk _____ steps per minute when walking at a comfortable speed. a. 72 b. 110 c. 137 d. >150 50. Which of the following statements about the gait cycle is NOT true? a. A gait cycle is initiated as soon as the foot contacts the ground and completed as the opposite foot makes contact with the ground. b. A stride is synonymous (相同意義) with a gait cycle. c. The presence of the double support phase is one of the characteristics to distinguish walking from running. d. The cadence is the number of steps per minute. 8 國立台灣大學物理治療學系九十一學年度/ 肌動學期末考試 姓名: 學號: 得分: 請注意題號不要弄錯 1 11 21 31 41 2 12 22 32 42 3 13 23 33 43 4 14 24 34 44 5 15 25 35 45 6 16 26 36 46 7 17 27 37 47 8 18 28 38 48 9 19 29 39 49 10 20 30 40 50 9