脑血管供血不足

脑血管供血不足 脑供血不足 naogongxuebuzu 脑部的血液供应极丰富，人脑平均重量仅为体重的2,，却接受从心脏流出血液总量的1,3左右;脑部的氧消耗量占全身耗氧总量的20,;脑部所需葡萄糖量， 约占葡萄糖总量的17,;脑部所需的氧和葡萄糖全靠脑血流量携带。由此可见脑部的血液供应对维持正常脑功能非常重要。脑供血不足就是指脑血流量减少。有的患者会突然头晕、天旋地转、不敢睁眼、恶心呕吐、心里明白，四肢均可动，就是不敢活动。有的病人还出汗、面色苍白，形容自己有“要 死的感觉”。上述症状可以持续数秒、数分、数小时不等，而后自行缓解。有的一天发作数次或几天发作一次。大夫检查后，如果血压不高，没有心脏病，没有神经系统其它不正常，就诊断为脑供血不足。 什么是慢性脑供血不足 脑动脉硬化症作为脑血管病的一个临床类型，曾被广泛应用和研究。50岁以上的人，出现头痛、头晕、耳鸣、失眠、记忆力减退、四肢麻木、情绪不稳定等者，医生常会作出脑动脉硬化症的诊断。 由于缺乏客观的诊断指标，临床从轻到重又有较大的跨度，轻者仅有头痛、头晕等类似神经衰弱，重者痴呆、卧床不起，以致在临床诊断中存在着严重混乱。因此， 1989年世界卫生组织在脑血管病的分类中取消了这一疾病类型。 但在中、老年人，由于脑动脉硬化，脑血流量减少，而产生头痛、头重、头昏等非特异性神经症状，临床检查缺乏脑的局灶性损害的现，脑CT扫描也无异常改变者确实并不少见，应给这类患者一个合适的诊断。 因此，1990年日本学者提出了慢性脑供血不足这一诊断名称，以替代既往的脑动脉硬化症。主要是指由于脑循环障碍引起的不固定的头痛、头重、眩晕等症状，而临床及影像学检查均无脑血管性器质性改变，且不属于一过性脑缺血发作的一类病人。 慢性脑供血不足的诊断及慢性脑供血不足的症状: (1)有脑循环障碍引起的自觉症状(头痛、眩晕等) (2)无脑的局灶性定位体征。 (3)多伴有高血压。 (4)有眼底动脉硬化。 (5)有时可在脑的灌流动脉听到血管杂音。 CT改变:无脑血管器质性病变。 其它: (1)脑血管造影、颈部超声波等检查有时可发现脑灌流动脉狭窄或闭塞。 (2)脑循环检查提示脑血流量(CBF)降低。 1 (3)原则上年龄应在60岁以上。 (4)确切排除其它疾病引起的上述症状。 慢性脑供血不足的危害 国内、外学者经大量研究发现，在老年痴呆症和脑梗死的发病之前，患者都曾有过长期慢性脑供血不足的病史，如果慢性脑供血不足得不到及时的治疗，就可能引起脑萎缩、老年痴呆症和脑梗死。因此，可以说慢性脑供血不足是威胁中、老年人健康的隐形杀手，绝不可以掉以轻心。 慢性脑供血不足的防治 慢性脑供血不足虽然后果严重，但却是可以预防的，其早期症状是可逆的，正确治疗往往会取得良好的效果。因此我们一定要注意身体的细微变化，对有自觉症状的慢性脑供血不足患者，应积极给予积极治疗。 首先，要注意改善生活方式，戒烟、限酒、低盐低脂饮食、注意减肥。其次，要加强体育锻炼，如散步、慢跑、游泳、打太极拳等。运动是增强全身血液循环、改善脑供血不足的有效方法。第三，要积极治疗血脂代谢紊乱、控制糖尿病、治疗高血压。 此外，银杏叶制剂、长春西汀和养血清脑颗粒等，都能较有效地改善慢性脑供血不足的 症状并抑制其进一步的发展，可在医生的指导下选择使用。 什么是脑动脉供血不足, 颈内动脉先天性、病理性或外伤性狭窄或闭塞，常见病因为颈动脉粥样硬化、脑动脉栓塞或动脉硬化，都可引起脑动脉供血不足。椎动脉也可发生类似情况。 可引起偏瘫、失语、眩晕、共济失调、延髓麻痹等症状。局部脑血流测定、脑血管造影可帮助诊断。 脑动脉供血不足的治疗: 部分病例可行选择性手术。如颈动脉内膜切除术，颅外一颅内脑动脉搭桥术和血管内球囊扩张术等有一定效果。 脑血管供血不足的治疗 服用蜂花粉能软化脑血管，并能抗神经衰弱，消除失眠等症状。配制花粉蜜，每次蜂蜜10克，蜂花粉10克混合，用温水调服，日服两次，25天后见效。 脑血管供血不足的饮食 1.脑血管供血不足的饮食尽量要清淡,若一下子不习惯那么晚餐吃的清淡些,晚饭不要过饱,过迟,这样晚上睡觉是血液不会过浓.2.假如你有吸烟或饮酒的爱好,那么就应该节制了3.少吃糖份高, 或者油糖成分都高的食物, 4.少吃荤菜,一些脂肪高的肥肉,动物的内脏都要控制了5.尽量多吃蔬菜,粗粮,烧菜时少放油,多吃玉米,海带,紫菜,黑木耳,芹菜等一些有着"血管清道夫"的素菜6.多吃萝卜,绿豆芽,韭菜,冬瓜等一些降脂的菜7.多吃豆类食品它们有丰富的 2 植物蛋白,另:少吃胆固醇高的食 物如:蛋黄等 脑供血不足的病理病因 脑血流量一旦减少，脑细胞的供氧供能也随即减少;脑组织只要缺血10余秒钟，就会引起大脑的功能发生变化。如果大脑某一部分血流在较短时间内完全阻断，会发生局部脑组织坏死，这就是脑梗塞;如果大脑供血不是完全阻断而是慢慢地减少，这就是慢性脑供血不足。 随着年龄的增长，大脑的血液供应会逐渐减少。儿童时期脑血流量大约为100毫升(100毫升/100克脑组织?分)，成人为50毫升(50毫升/100克 脑组织?分)，而健康老人只有35毫升(35毫升/100克脑组织?分);再加上中老年人的脑组织对缺血的耐受性相对较低，脑血管的自动调节机能也逐渐下 降，因此只要供血发生轻微的变化，就会明显影响脑血流量，从而导致慢性脑供血不足的发生。 脑供血不足能治愈吗 脑供血不足不能说是否可以完全治愈,由于脑供血不足能是一种慢性疾病,它的形成过程会需要很长的一段时间,而且它的形成是有很多的原因,因此,要完全治愈脑供血不足需要一定的时间来治疗,调理.根据以往的治疗经验,脑供血不足在合理的治疗之后,病症会逐渐减轻,直至不再出现,但是在恢复的过程中,一定要各方面都注意,不慎的话,病情反而会加重.而且在病症减轻以后,要在生活当中注意细节,保持住不在出现脑供血不足的状况. 脑供血不足的症状:语言障碍、精神性障碍、记忆减退、头昏、头迷、多睡、乏力等，甚至面瘫、偏瘫。经常头晕、头痛，记忆力减退，失眠，疲乏，CT、MRI和神经体征检查却无明显异常。引起慢性脑供血不足的原因，血管方面的可能原因包括动脉硬化，动脉炎，动脉狭窄等;血液动力学方面的原因包括高血压及低血压;血液方面的原因可以是高血脂，糖尿病，贫血等;其它因素如肥胖，吸烟等也是形成慢性脑供血不足的 促发因素。大脑的重量大约只占身体重量的2,，但是耗氧量却占全身耗氧量的20,。随着年龄增长，大脑的血液供应会逐渐减少。儿童时期脑血流量大约为 100毫升,100克脑组织?分，成人为50毫升,100克脑组织?分，而健康老人只有35毫升,100克脑组织?分;再加上中老年人的脑组织对缺血的耐受性相对较低，脑血管的自动调节机能也逐渐下降，因此只要供血发生轻微的变化，就会导致慢性脑供血不足的发生。 治疗原理:降低血液粘稠度，维护修复血管的正常功能。 脑缺血的症状是头昏涨.微疼.人感觉不适.并不是你所述单一头疼.建议病人找医师诊治.如单一脑缺血.黄芪.丹参.川弓.脑脉宁.对脑动脉硬化.脑缺血有一定疗效。 老年脑供血不足的症状 在日常生活中，许多中老年人经常反复出现头晕、头昏重、头痛的症状，还伴随着心烦、耳鸣、急躁易怒、失眠多梦、记忆力减退、注意力不集中、健忘等情况的发生，这些都是慢性脑供血不足的表现。在中老年人群中约2/3的人患有慢性脑供血不足。研究发现，此病如得不到及时的治疗，易导致老年痴呆症和脑梗死，是严重威胁中老年人生命与健康的“隐形杀手” 3 脑供血不足的早期症状 1.运动神经功能失灵 这一类症状最常见。由于脑供血不足使掌管人体运动功能的神经失灵，常见的症状如突然嘴歪，流口涎，说话困难，吐字不清，失语或语不达意，吞咽困难，一侧肢体无力或活动不灵，持物跌落，走路不稳或突然跌跤，有的出现肢体痉挛或跳动。 2.感觉功能障碍 由于脑供血不足而影响到脑部的分析区域，感觉器以及感觉神经纤维，常表现为面麻、舌麻、唇麻以及一侧肢体发麻或异物感;有的入视物不清，甚至突然一时性失明;不少人有突然眩晕感;有的肢体自发性疼痛;还有的突然出现耳鸣、听力减退等。 3.精神意识异常 如总是想睡，整天昏昏沉沉地睡，不是过度疲劳所致，而是脑供血不足的先兆征象。 也有的人表现为失眠，有的人性格有些变化，如孤癖、沉默寡言或表情淡漠，有的为多语急躁;有的可以出现短暂的意识丧失或智力衰退，甚至丧失了正常的判断力，这些都与脑供血不足有关 脑供血不足的检查诊断方法 脑血流图，头颅核磁共振 脑CT 脑彩超 脑动脉硬化易引起脑供血不足。脑动脉硬化是 中年以后的常见疾病，也是全身性动脉硬化的一部分，常发生在脑基底动脉和大脑中动脉的主干。小动脉硬化多见于大脑皮层及基底节的小动脉。动脉硬化后使得血 液流注大受影响，大脑的慢性供血不足，最易导致头晕、睡眠障碍、记忆力减退等三大症状。如有脑动脉硬化伴一过性脑缺血发作表现，抽血测血脂、胆固醇及血糖，作颈椎照片、脑电图、脑电阻检查，可明确诊断。平时应注意劳逸结合，保证充足的睡眠和乐观稳定的情绪;饮食应低脂肪、低胆固醇、低盐。治疗上可在医生 指导下选用扩张脑血管、改善脑供血的药物，比如西比灵、脑益嗪、丹参片、脑活素或脉复康等。 什么是慢性脑供血不足 脑动脉硬化症作为脑血管病的一个临床类型，曾被广泛应用和研究。50岁以上的人，出现头痛、头晕、耳鸣、失眠、记忆力减退、四肢麻木、情绪不稳定等者，医生常会作出脑动脉硬化症的诊断。 由于缺乏客观的诊断指标，临床从轻到重又有较大的跨度，轻者仅有头痛、头晕等类似神经衰弱，重者痴呆、卧床不起，以致在临床诊断中存在着严重混乱。因此， 1989年世界卫生组织在脑血管病的分类中取消了这一疾病类型。 但在中、老年人，由于脑动脉硬化，脑血流量减少，而产生头痛、头重、头昏等非特异性神经症状，临床检查缺乏脑的局灶性损害的表现，脑CT扫描也无异常改变者确实并不少见，应给这类患者一个合适的诊断。 因此，1990年日本学者提出了慢性脑供血不足这一诊断名称，以替代既往的脑动脉硬化症。主要是指由于脑循环障碍引起的不固定的头痛、头重、眩晕等症状，而临床及影像学检查均无脑血管性器质性改变，且不属于一过性脑缺血发作的一类病人。 4 慢性脑供血不足的危害 国内、外学者经大量研究发现，在老年痴呆症和脑梗死的发病之前，患者都曾有过长期慢性脑供血不足的病史，如果慢性脑供血不足得不到及时的治疗，就可能引起脑萎缩、老年痴呆症和脑梗死。因此，可以说慢性脑供血不足是威胁中、老年人健康的隐形杀手，绝不可以掉以轻心。 慢性脑供血不足的防治 慢性脑供血不足虽然后果严重，但却是可以预防的，其早期症状是可逆的，正确治疗往往会取得良好的效果。因此我们一定要注意身体的细微变化，对有自觉症状的慢性脑供血不足患者，应积极给予积极治疗。 首先，要注意改善生活方式，戒烟、限酒、低盐低脂饮食、注意减肥。其次，要加强体育锻炼，如散步、慢跑、游泳、打太极拳等。运动是增强全身血液循环、改善脑供血不足的有效方法。第三，要积极治疗血脂代谢紊乱、控制糖尿病、治疗高血压。 此外，银杏叶制剂、长春西汀和养血清脑颗粒等，都能较有效地改善慢性脑供血不足的症状并抑制其进一步的发展，可在医生的指导下选择使用。 脑供血不足的治疗方法 (1)血流动力学障碍，当血压降低，心脏搏出量减少时脑组织供血不足;通过服用升压药物缓解症状。 (2)某些动脉血管腔狭窄或血管痉挛，通过的血流量减少，致使所供应的脑区发生供血不足;包括颈椎椎管病变,或颈椎增生等原因引起的动脉血管腔狭窄。可以通过按摩、输液扩张相关动脉。 (3)某些原因造成的血液粘稠度增高，血液缓慢及血液成分的改变，也可发生及供血不足;通过降低血液粘稠度，促进血液巡环解决。 (4)微血栓形成，微血栓即动脉搏粥样硬化的板块脱落，在血流中形成微栓子，随血流到小动脉而堵塞血管，则会出现脑局部供血不足。 通过疏通阻塞动脉来解决。 如果要配合食疗的话，各不相同。说实话，效果不会很明显。最根本的还是要找到确切的病因，在症状得到有效控制后再讨论休养的问题。 脑供血不足的中医治疗 中医论眩晕之病机,一般因风、火、虚、痰、瘀而大脑这个精明之府失养而致;根据你叙述中医应辨为肝胃不和，风痰上扰所致，方应选半夏白术天麻汤加减治疗 脑供血不足的中药偏方 药物:半夏10克、白术30克、天麻10克、云苓30克、葛根12克、川芎6克、桂枝10克、炒白芍12克、甘草6克、蝉衣6克、鸡血藤30克、生龙牡各 15克、熟地15克、天冬12克、大云18克。此方意在健脾化痰，补肾填精，养脑通络，故而达到眩晕自定之目的。药水煎服，一日一剂，连服一周可矣。 5 脑供血不足的手术治疗 如颈动脉有严重狭窄(超过70%)，可采用颈动脉内膜剥脱术或颈动脉支架成形状。 脑供血不足的手术治疗是在万不得已的情况下去做的，特别是动脉血管堵塞超过70%，这样引发脑缺血的几率会增加好几倍。另外脑供血不足的手术应和药物同时进行。 脑供血不足食疗 首先，应加强体育锻炼，运动是增强全身血液循环、改善脑供血不足的有效方法，如散步、慢跑、打太极拳等。其次，可采用中医药治疗，中医根据患者不同的情况辩证为肾虚、血瘀、痰湿等证型，而采用不同的中药进行调理，可收到满意疗效。另外，服用脉通、银杏叶片、养血清脑颗粒等药，也有一定的辅助作用。如果仍不能使脑供血不足的症状得到改善，一定要到医院找专科医生进行调治。 其次，很多高血脂症是"吃"出来的，因此有针对性地"吃"，高血脂也有希望降下来。当血脂增高处于初级阶段时，也就是说还没有发现有高血压、心脏病等心脑血管疾病时，特别是年轻人和绝经期的妇女，完全可以用改变生活方式和饮食调理调节血脂，如控制高脂肪、高热量食物的摄取，多吃粗粮、蔬菜和水果，戒烟限酒，坚持运动。 (1)减少脂肪的摄入量。少吃动物性脂肪,如猪油、肥猪肉、黄油、肥羊、肥牛、肥鸭、肥鹅等。这类食物饱和脂肪酸过多，脂肪容易沉积在血管壁上，增加血液 的黏稠度，饱和脂肪酸能够促进胆固醇吸收和肝脏胆固醇的合成，使血清胆固醇水平升高。如摄入过多，可使甘油三酯升高，加速血液凝固，促进血栓形成。 (2)限制胆固醇的摄入量。忌食含胆固醇高的食物，如动物内脏、蛋黄、鱼子、鱿鱼等。 脑供血不足的饮食注意 1、食用大蒜:大蒜有降血脂、降血压、健脑功能，因大蒜中所含有的大蒜素与维生素B1合成"蒜胺"，而"蒜胺"的作用比维生素B1的作用强2-4倍，所以在有足够的葡萄糖和维生素B1的情况下，食用大蒜，可促进葡萄糖转化为更多的能量供应大脑所需，缓解脑供血不足的症状。南方人若畏生大蒜辣，可将生蒜沾醋吃。 2、葛根粉或葛根粉粥:将葛根磨粉晒干，每晨起取干粉50克，煮成羹，代早餐食用。或用葛根150克与粳米50克煮成粥食用，脾胃虚寒者忌食。均可以降低血压，缓解动脉血管硬化。 3、吃松叶:采集嫩松叶生吃，每日吃10--20克，或将松叶阴干，每次用10克开水泡代茶饮，坚持半年以上。新近研究发现，松叶含类黄酮，是一种强抗氧化剂，能抑制血小板凝聚，减少脂质过氧化反应，减少平滑肌细胞的增生，能防止动脉粥样硬化和血栓形成。 脑供血不足病人的护理 1、调整危险因素 (1)高血压:应服用降压药，使血压维持正常范围，减轻体重，多活动，积极锻炼身体。 (2)禁止吸烟:吸烟能增加高血压患者血液中的纤维蛋白原浓度，增加血小板聚集率、增加红细胞积压，使血粘度增高。 2、调整饮食 6 (1)减肥。 (2)避免酗酒(禁酒)，因饮酒可以导致高血压，升高甘油三脂含量，导致反跳性血小板增多症。 (3)降低胆固醇(降血脂)。 (4)控制食盐摄入量(每日6克以下，已患高血压则控制在3克左右)。即用盐量为正常饮食中盐量的三分之一左右。 (5)控制血糖。因糖尿病可促进提前发生脑动脉硬化，忌食糖及含糖较多的糕点、水果、罐头等。 患者饮食以食用豆类、豆制品、植物油、粗粮、蔬菜、水果为主，适量进食瘦肉、牛奶 3、合理饮食。平时多吃新鲜蔬菜， 如洋葱、西红柿等 、水果、鱼、黑木耳、少量醋、干红葡萄酒等，可以起抗氧化作用，延缓脑动脉硬化的发生。 4、适当的户外活动。如快走、慢跑、散步等，每次30,40分钟，每周至少5次，或者打打太极拳、垂钓、登山等。 、保持良好的心态和健康用脑。平时看看电视、报纸;做些手工劳作或家务事;也可以参加5 一些文体活动，如唱歌、跳健身舞、书法、打球等，陶冶性情，增强脑的思维活动;避免情绪激动和过度疲劳;多活动身体，加强体育锻炼。 脑供血不足的危害 脑血管病的发病率随着年龄的增长而逐渐增大，其主要发病基础是脑动脉硬化，正常成年人的平均脑血流为每分钟100克脑组织40-60毫升，同时大脑对血液 供应不足非常敏感，当血液供应降到正常值的75%-85%时人就会产生判断错误和意识障碍，降到正常值的51%-65%时即可出现昏迷。 脑循环停止几秒钟就会导致丧失知觉，几分钟即可造成不可逆性的神经元损伤。因此，保持连续不断的充足稳定的血液供应对维持大脑的正常功能非常的重要。 生活中我们经常可以发现有些中老年朋友经常头晕、头痛，记忆力减退，失眠、凡事都打不起精神来，可是到医院进行仪器检查(如CT、MRI)和神经体征检查却都没有发现异常。 国际医学界最新的研究发现，引起上述症状的最主要的原因是大脑长期的、慢性的脑供血不足，医学家把这种疾病命名为:慢性脑供血不足(CCCI)。 因此，在40岁以上的中老年朋友当中，慢性脑供血不足(CCCI)的现象很常见，同时医学家对慢性脑供血不足(CCCI)进一步研究表明:如果对慢性脑供血不足(CCCI)不加以重视的话，其逐渐发展极易导致老年痴呆症和脑中风的发生。 如何预防脑供血不足 我国目前已进入老龄化社会，65岁以上的老人已达1.35亿,占全球10%。而其中，有13.6%的老人都患有脑血管疾病，而且死亡率、复发率、致残率都是非常高的，所以，脑血管疾病已经成为威胁老人的第一杀手。而且，随着年轻人抽烟、酗酒、高盐、高糖、高脂的不良生活习 7 惯加多，致使35岁以下的人群有80%的脑血管疾病的隐患。 在脑血管疾病中，脑动脉硬化是最主要的原因。而且它的发展趋势是逐渐加重的，如进一步发展会导致多种脑血管疾病，甚至会引起其他器官的疾病，如消化系统、呼吸系统等。 日本科学家提出慢性脑供血不足(CCCI)的概念，它的病理基础就是脑动脉硬化，80%的老年人中都有不同程度的这种现象。 他们主要的临床表现为以头晕头痛为主，有时还伴有心烦易怒、失眠多梦、耳鸣、逆行性遗忘、记忆力减退、注意力不集中等症状。 疾病需要治疗，更需要预防，良药常备在手，病痛自然溜走。 脑供血不足的注意事项 早睡早起;适当锻炼，如快走等;一定要吃早餐，吃饭清淡为好，不要油腻辛辣。建议脑供血不足者饮食上要远三白(糖、盐、猪油)，近三黑(黑芝麻、蘑菇、黑米)。从营养价值看，四条腿(猪、牛、羊)不如两条腿(鸡、鸭)，两条腿不如一条腿(蘑菇)，一条腿不如没有腿(鱼)。经常吃海带、河鱼，鱼油可减低脑细胞死亡速度。 行走锻炼:体态、呼吸、意念:行走时脚跟先落地，要一步一个脚印的走，呼吸时采用体呼吸，即吸气时，意想宇宙中真气通过全身的毛细孔吸入体内，呼气时，意 想全身的病气，浊气，疲劳之气通过全身的毛细血管射出去，射透天边，呼吸要与走路的速度相结合，不宜快行。 功效:练出自然换气的功能，脚跟先落地，可以调动肾经，故有强肾固本的作用。 跑步锻炼:体态:慢跑，呼吸、意念:体呼吸，即吸气时，意想宇宙中真气通过全身的毛细孔吸入体内，呼气时，意想全身的病气，浊气，疲劳之气通过全身的毛细血管射出去，射透天边，呼吸要与跑步的速度相结合，不宜太快。 脑供血不足类是指人脑某一局部的血液供应不足面引起脑功能的障碍。 病因:脑供血不足的病因与脑动脉硬化有关。 主要病因有:(1)某些动脉血管腔狭窄或血管痉挛，通过的血流量减少，致使所供应的脑区发生供血不足;(2)血流动力学障碍，当血压降低，心脏搏 出量减少时脑组织供血不足;(3)某些原因造成的血液粘稠度增高，血液缓慢及血液成分的改变，也可发生及供血不足;(4)微血栓形成，微血栓即动脉搏粥样 硬化的板块脱落，在血流中形成微栓子，随血流到小动脉而堵塞血管，则会出现脑局部供血不足。 临床表现:语言障碍;神经性障碍;面瘫、偏瘫。 治疗原理:降低血液粘稠度，维护修复血管的正常功能。 ========================== 为什么中老年人容易患慢性脑供血不足呢,大家都知道，大脑是人体的重要器官，耗氧量相对较大，大脑的重量大约只占身体重量的2%，但是耗氧量却占 全身好氧量的20%。大脑所需的氧全部由血液供给，所以必须有足够的血液供应大脑才能正常活动。衡量大脑血液供应的标准是脑血流量，脑血流量一旦减少，脑 细胞的供氧供能也随即减少;脑组织只要缺血10余秒钟，就会引起大脑的功能发生变化。如果大脑某一部分血流在较短时间内完全阻断，会 8 发生局部脑组织坏死， 这就是脑梗塞;如果大脑供血不是完全阻断而是慢慢地减少，这就是慢性脑供血不足。随着年龄的增长，大脑的血液供应会逐渐减少。儿童时期脑血流量大约为 100毫升(100毫升/100克脑组织?分)，成人为50毫升(50毫升/100克脑组织?分)，而健康老人只有35毫升(35毫升/100克脑组织? 分);再加上中老年人的脑组织对缺血的耐受性相对较低，脑血管的自动调节机能也逐渐下降，因此只要供血发生轻微的变化，就会明显影响脑血流量，从而导致慢 性脑供血不足的发生。 慢性脑供血不足早期是可逆的，正确治疗往往会获得很好的效果;如果忍耐拖延，不及时治疗，常常会酿成严重的后果。 据我了解北京航天中心医院神经内科及神经外科在用这种药物辅助治疗: 天津天仕力制药股份有限公司独家生产的天然植物药“养血清脑颗粒”，被临床医学誉为“治疗慢性脑供血不足首选药物”。养血清脑颗粒是根据中医传统理论，以中医传统名方“四物汤”(当归、川芎、白芍、熟地)为基础，并采用最新研制而成的标本兼治的无糖型棕色颗粒状制剂。经多家国家权威机构临床验 证，服用养血清脑颗粒不仅对慢性脑供血不足有显著的治疗效果，而且还可有效预防“老年痴呆症”和“脑梗死”的发生，非常适宜长期服用。 蜂蜜益母草汁 [配方] 蜂蜜20克，益母草汁10亳升，生地黄汁40亳升 [制作与用法] 将以上诸味混合调匀，当日分2次服下，20日为一疗程 [功能] 舒经活血，适用于脑中风或供血不足者 早睡早起 适当锻炼 如快走 一定要吃早餐 吃饭清淡为好 不要油腻辛辣 营养专家建议，要远三白(糖、盐、猪油)，近三黑(黑芝麻、蘑菇、黑米)。从营养价值看，四条腿(猪、牛、羊)不如两条腿(鸡、鸭)，两条腿不如一条腿(蘑菇)，一条腿不如没有腿(鱼)。 经常吃海带、河鱼，鱼油可减低脑细胞死亡速度。 经常在手内运动健身球，可促进脑循环。 维生素E，有防止衰老、动脉硬化作用。 如果是老年人 半夜觉醒时，宜喝几口白开水。 即使没有高血压症状，也宜常量血压。 老年人勿忘补充活性钙。 回答者:huacailin - 翰林文圣 十八级 8-13 15:27 这种情况应该减低血液的粘稠度，恢复血液成分的正常，脑缺血的情况自然会改善的。也许我是中医吧，我建议用中医中药调理治疗。点滴是不能彻底缓解症状的，而且由于药物直接进入血液可能会引起一些不良反应，因此，能口服的不注射，能注射的不点滴～ 心脑血管疾病患者不宜晨练原因和预防措施 许多人养成了清晨早起锻炼的习惯，可称之为“闻鸡起舞”。但从医学角度讲， 早晨不是锻炼的最佳时间，尤其对心脑血管疾病患者和中老年人来说，更不宜清晨 进行 锻炼，因为早晨锻炼易发生意外。医学家们发现，心脑血管疾病患者的发病时 间和死亡时间常在早晨。一些日本专家研究认为，清晨跑步有可能直接导致心脑血 9 管栓 塞;而晚间跑步对健康才是有益的。他们对参加试验的志愿者(晨间跑步和晚间跑步)的血液分析结果进行比较，得出了明确的结论:早晨跑步增加了血管中出现血 栓的可能性，因为此时血液的浓度提高了6%，而是晚间却相反。 美国一位医学，对近5000例患心脑血管疾病人的死亡时间进行分析，发现有2/3的病人死亡时间发生在早晨6至8时。我国也有类似的报道。 那么，为什么心血管疾病在早晨高发呢,主要原因如下: 一、血压和心率的生物钟现象。据科学家实验证明，人们在早晨起床以后，大约6时左右血压开始逐渐升高，心率也逐渐加快，到上午10时达到最高峰。此时如果有剧烈活动，最易发生意外。 二、从冠状动脉的血流量来看，早晨的血流量最少。在狗身上做的实验表明，下午4时狗的冠状动脉左旋支的血流量，比上午8时的血流量要高出13%。 三、血小板的血液凝固作用增强。血小板的聚集力在早晨6,9时明显增强，血液的粘稠度也增加，因而导致血液的凝固性增大，使发生心脑血管梗塞的机会增多。 四、早晨起床以后人体血液中的肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素水平，会比平常时间明显增高。这两种激素会引起躯体血管和负责心脏自身供血的冠状动脉都收缩，结果血压升高，心肌缺氧。 五、经过一夜睡眠，人体内的水分随呼吸道、皮肤和便溺等丢失。这使机体的水分代谢入不敷出，使全身的组织器官以至细胞都处于一种失水状态。因为水分的丢失，血管内的血液也变得粘稠，因而易发生血栓梗塞。 以上原因，给心脑血管疾病患者造成很大威胁，因而应采取有力措施，进行积极预防。主要预防措施如下: 一、早晨醒来以后，应继续在床上躺几分钟，然后再缓慢起床。切记不要立即起身，起床的时候，动作也不要过猛。 二、锻炼时间最好改为晚上，并根据自己身体情况选择力所有及的运动，如散步、慢跑、快走、太极拳、气功、健身操等，切记不要从事剧烈活动。另外，要选择自己熟悉的场地锻炼，以防因天黑看不清楚，而发生意外。 三、早晚一杯水，大有好处。为了补充晚上睡眠时丢失的水分，避免导致备注粘稠，请在晚上睡觉前和早晨起床后各喝一杯温开水，必要时，在夜间醒来的时候，还可以再喝一杯。 四、高血压和冠心病患者起床后，在喝水的同时，最好服用降压药和扩张冠状动脉，改善心肌供血供氧量，活血化瘀类药物，以避免血压波动和上升过快和心脏供血不足。 五、 中老年人清晨最好服用小剂量(50,100毫克)的肠溶阿斯匹林。大量事实证明，小剂量阿斯匹林肠溶片，在预防心脑血管疾病方面有非常明显的作用。西药如 拜阿斯匹林，中药如天欣泰血栓心脉宁片都有抗血小板凝集的作用，从而减少了血栓形成的可能，也就减少了心脑血管疾病发生的机会。 长期失眠的,种结果 慢性失眠症,长期性失眠,不仅会引起眼圈发黑、眼袋明显、皮肤松弛、面色晦暗～ 还会带来一系列的机体损害～包括思考能力减退、警觉力和判断力下降、免疫功能低下、 内分泌紊乱等。 除一些遗传因素或其他代谢因素之外，慢性失眠症及其相关疾病对老年痴呆症尤其 是早期的老年痴呆症是有一定影响的。 10 慢性失眠症(长期性失眠)是由于外感或内伤等病因，致使心、肝、胆、脾、胃、肾等脏腑功能失调，心神不安，以致经常不得入寐的一种病症。症见翻来覆去难以入睡，多梦易醒，醒后难以再次入睡，白天头痛头晕，且这些症状持续一个月以上。 得了慢性失眠症应积极进行治疗。由于该症病程较长，症状顽固，诱因多，建议患者选择不含依赖成分的中药，它从“治疗与调理相结合，标本兼治”的观念出发，全面调整人体的机能平衡，平和、副作用小。 11 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen 12 party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations 13 repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth 14 Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political 15 Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision 16 of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and 17 to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on 18 a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a 19 total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > 20 real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years 21 implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, 22 exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should 23 be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective 24 convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts 25 of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application 26 of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation 27 made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give 28 expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental 29 organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post 30 processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in 31 the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in 32 the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management 33 of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, 34 around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one 35 size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are 36 relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < 37 new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform 38 comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation 39 of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 40 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily 41 blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres 42 should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection 43 with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace 44 with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of 45 the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline 46 must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be 47 held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations. 48