初中语文记叙文常见表现手法及作用

初中语文记叙文常见表现手法及作用 1、 对比。(广普) A:如:契诃夫的《变色龙》， 写主人公警官奥楚蔑洛夫前后态度的对比，鲜明地刻画了“变色龙”一般的性格。 B:如:莫泊桑《我的叔叔于勒》中，通过菲利浦夫妇对于勒态度前后不同的对比，揭示出他们自私、庸俗、贪婪、冷酷的性格特征。 C:《故乡》中年闰土和少年闰土的对比。《范进中举》中胡屠户对范进中举前后态度的对比。《从百草园到三味书屋》，对比中“我”对“三味书屋”的厌倦、之情也自然流露出来。 2、 衬托。(广普) 人们常说的“万绿丛中一点红”、“众星捧月”就是衬托。 A:用其他人物衬托主要人物。如《藤野先生》中用日本“爱国青年”的无理挑衅来反衬藤野先生的正直热忱、毫无民 族偏见;再如《爱莲说》用牡丹和菊来侧面衬托莲的独特的美。《口技》中写宾客的反应，可以侧面衬托口技人技艺精湛; B:用景物描写来衬托人物性格或事件意义。如《故乡》开头描绘了荒凉萧索的村景，十分贴切地衬托了“我”的悲凉心情。 3、 铺垫。(小说常用) 在主要人物、事件高潮出现之前，对环境、情绪、气氛等所做的描写，借以造成一种“山雨欲来风满楼”的艺术效果。 如《荔枝蜜》采用了层层铺垫的写法。写荔枝林的茂盛，是为蜜蜂提供一个很好的生活环境;写荔枝蜜的甜香，是为下文赞颂蜜蜂作铺垫;写蜜蜂的辛劳，又是为赞颂劳动人民作铺垫。 4、伏笔、照应。(小说常用) A伏笔，实际上是一种交待，对将要出现的事件作暗示，为情节发展做铺垫。埋下伏笔后，后边一定要有照应。这种regulations, construction scaffolding is safe and reliable, and climbing ladders, lifting Commander 1 established, full-time safety officer 1, responsible for checking the safety guarantee measures, echoed up and down, prevent accidents. 12) traffic pavement in accordance with requirements of the transport sector, and separated by closed isolation barrier, construction and non-construction with barrier isolation. 13) volunteer fire organizations, employees conducting fire prevention publicity and education of the knowledge, skills, and organizational implementation of fire-fighting and emergency evacuation plans and walkthroughs. 8.4.5 specific construction program for safety technology according to the Hebei provincial construction safety inspection rules for the implementation of requirements of the standard, a separate specific construction program for the following 1) scaffold erection, dismantling programme; 2) Foundation support schemes; 3) construction project of template engineering; 4) "three treasures", "four" protection scheme; 5) construction organization design of temporary power supply; 6) installation, demolition of a tower crane programme; 7) lifting operation plan. 8.5 8.5.1 environmental management goals of environmental protection, civilization construction without major environmental pollution accident, waste gas, waste water, noise, dust, solid 关系密切的相关描写，前面的叫伏笔，后面的叫铺垫。 如《故乡》中，“我”刚回到故乡时，母亲说“还有闰土，他每到我家来时，总问起你，很想见你一面。我已经将你到家的大约日期通知他，他也许就要来了。”这是一处伏笔，它不仅点明了闰土和“我”的关系，而且暗示“我”将要与闰土见面，使后面闰土的出场十分自然。 B照应，是文章前后内容上的关照呼应。方式主要有与伏笔照应、与开头或题目照应、反复照应等。照应得好，可使文章结构严谨细密，主题更加鲜明强烈。 如《背影》一文中四次写“背影”，三次写“流泪”，反复照应，感情抒发一次次更加强烈，滚滚热泪既表达了儿子的情感，又衬托出背影形象的感人，这篇文章是情与泪的结晶! 5、象征:(散文常用) 如冰心的《小桔灯》中的小桔灯象征了光明和胜利，象征着小姑娘镇定、勇敢、 乐观的精神。 再如高尔基的散文诗《海燕》，用海燕象征无产阶级革命先驱者 6、夸张: (广普) 如《三国演义》中写张飞的肖像:“身长八尺，豹头环眼，燕颔虎须，声若巨雷，势如奔马”，这种夸张地描写，突出了张飞粗直勇猛的特点。 再如童话《皇帝的新装》中对皇帝形象的塑造也采用了夸张手法，辛辣讽刺了统治阶级的愚蠢。 7、托物言志:(散文常用) 这种课文中的形象往往有象征意义，但重在言志。 如:闻一多写的诗《红烛》《老马》都是在抒写自己的志向。 8、借景抒情:(诗歌散文常用) 例如: 举头望明月，低头思故乡。 明月几时有，把酒问青天。 春风又绿江南岸，明月何时照我还 春江潮水连海平，海上明月共潮生。 regulations, construction scaffolding is safe and reliable, and climbing ladders, lifting Commander 1 established, full-time safety officer 1, responsible for checking the safety guarantee measures, echoed up and down, prevent accidents. 12) traffic pavement in accordance with requirements of the transport sector, and separated by closed isolation barrier, construction and non-construction with barrier isolation. 13) volunteer fire organizations, employees conducting fire prevention publicity and education of the knowledge, skills, and organizational implementation of fire-fighting and emergency evacuation plans and walkthroughs. 8.4.5 specific construction program for safety technology according to the Hebei provincial construction safety inspection rules for the implementation of requirements of the standard, a separate specific construction program for the following 1) scaffold erection, dismantling programme; 2) Foundation support schemes; 3) construction project of template engineering; 4) "three treasures", "four" protection scheme; 5) construction organization design of temporary power supply; 6) installation, demolition of a tower crane programme; 7) lifting operation plan. 8.5 8.5.1 environmental management goals of environmental protection, civilization construction without major environmental pollution accident, waste gas, waste water, noise, dust, solid 9、欲扬先抑:(小说常用) 是一种人物描写技巧。欲扬先抑的“扬”，是指褒扬、抬高。“抑”，指按下、贬低。作者想褒扬某个人物，却不从褒扬处落笔，而先是按下，从相反的贬抑处落笔。用这种方法，使情节多变，形成波澜起伏，造成鲜明对比，容易使读者在阅读过程中，产生恍然大悟的感觉，留下比较深刻的印象。 10、悬念:(小说常用) 就是文章中令人好奇而又不能马上知道底细的情景。它可以是一个场面、一段情节，可以是贯穿全文的一个具体事物、人物某一时刻的神态描写等。 悬念的主要作用是抓住读者的心，引起读者对事情的发展、变化、结果，对人物或事物的处境、结局产生关切的心理，使文章情节发展更具有吸引读者关切、引人入胜的魅力。 另外，还有比喻，拟人等修辞手法，联想也是一种表现手法，如:《天上的街市》《春》都有用到。 从表现手法的角度设计的考题一般有三种类型: 1、 针对整篇文章而言: 如:《奇怪的交易》这篇文章最要的表现手法是什么, 对比 大卫和百万富翁的前后生活对比 再如:《儿科大夫的手》使用的最主要的表现手法是什么, 欲扬先抑 先表现儿科大夫好像有怪癖，总是搓手，别人都不理解他，后来，才表明他是为病人着想的好医生。 2、 针对段落而言 如:从表现手法的角度赏析划线文regulations, construction scaffolding is safe and reliable, and climbing ladders, lifting Commander 1 established, full-time safety officer 1, responsible for checking the safety guarantee measures, echoed up and down, prevent accidents. 12) traffic pavement in accordance with requirements of the transport sector, and separated by closed isolation barrier, construction and non-construction with barrier isolation. 13) volunteer fire organizations, employees conducting fire prevention publicity and education of the knowledge, skills, and organizational implementation of fire-fighting and emergency evacuation plans and walkthroughs. 8.4.5 specific construction program for safety technology according to the Hebei provincial construction safety inspection rules for the implementation of requirements of the standard, a separate specific construction program for the following 1) scaffold erection, dismantling programme; 2) Foundation support schemes; 3) construction project of template engineering; 4) "three treasures", "four" protection scheme; 5) construction organization design of temporary power supply; 6) installation, demolition of a tower crane programme; 7) lifting operation plan. 8.5 8.5.1 environmental management goals of environmental protection, civilization construction without major environmental pollution accident, waste gas, waste water, noise, dust, solid 字。 常用的有:联想和想象 侧面烘托 对比 排比 3、 针对句子而言: 如，赏析划线句子。自选角度。 一般就是从修辞入手，如比喻，拟人，夸张，对比，化静为动，化虚为实等。