汽油柴油甲醇密度

汽油柴油甲醇密度 汽油 这个问关键是要引进密度这个概念(从,,,,年我国实施法定计量单位后已不再使用比重这个概念了，而普遍使用密度这个概念):即单位体积某物质的质量，符号kg/L，而汽油的密度受温度影响比较大,即温度高低不同,同样体积的汽油质量不同，温度低的质量就大些，温度高了同样体积的汽油质量就小些(在国家标准中专门有一个汽油温度与密度关系的表,测出当时的环境温度,在表上查出密度,再用这个密度做除数,去除1,即可算出某一型号的汽油当时为多少升.如:20摄氏度时,90#汽油的密度是0.722kg/L,这时,公斤,,,汽油的体积是1/0.722=1.385升(L)(同样道理，也可算出,升某型号汽油在某温度下是多少公斤，这是初中数学问题，不再赘述(20摄氏度时,93号汽油的密度为0.725g/ml=0.725kg/L,1吨是1000升，除以密度1000/0.725kg/L=1379.3L。 柴油 通常国标柴油的密度范围为0.810,0.855，不同型号的密度不同。如:0,柴油0.84密度，，10,柴油0.85密度，，20,柴油0.87密度，,10,柴油0.84密度，,20,柴油密度0.83，,30,柴油密度0.82，,35,柴油密度0.82，通常柴油密度以0.84计算,这样一吨柴油大约折合1190公升。按密度0.84计算是1斤6两8钱汽油的密度的0.73,具体每批油都不一样。 1吨汽油大约为1370升。一升汽油是1斤4两6 甲醇密度表换算表 甲醇浓度比重换算表 d420=d4t+0.00079(t,20?) edges should be cleaned, after making sure that no defect shall be marked with a marker pen to write down welding near the weld, including the slogan of welding, welders, etc. (16) welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment pipe welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment process conditions welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment temperature table project material welding Qian preheat temperature (?) welding Hou heat treatment and the insulation time (?/H) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) 20 ? 26 100~200 >36 600~650/1-1.5 15CrMo ? 10 150~200 >10 670~700/1.2-2 Preheat and the heat treatment process in the, Inner and outer wall temperature shall be kept uniform, in order to avoid internal stresses. Preheating before welding and post weld heat treatment, shall measure and record the temperature, temperature measurement locations and number of points are reasonable. Prone to weld delayed crack of steel, post weld heat treatment after welding should be carried out promptly, when not conducting timely post weld heat treatment, should be uniformly heated to 200~300? immediately after welding and insulation and slow cooling, ... 26mm more than 20 steel pipe welding preheating before welding should be carried out, 36mm the above heat treatment after welding should be done. Before welding and heat treatment used oxyacetylene flame heating, heat treatment after welding using special heat treatment after welding equipment. Hardness after heat treatment of welds needed testing. 6.5.4 sides of the dissimilar steel welding when were non-austenitic steel or austenitic steel, alloy content according to lower one side of the base metal or selecting welding material in between. When one of the sides of material when austenitic steels, should select the 小数 整数 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 80% 0.8469 0.8467 0.8463 0.8461 0.8459 0.8456 0.8454 0.8452 0.8450 0.8448 81 0.8446 0.8443 0.8441 0.8438 0.8436 0.8433 0.8430 0.8428 0.8425 0.8423 82 0.8420 0.8417 0.8415 0.8412 0.8410 0.8407 0.8404 0.8402 0.8399 0.8397 83 0.8394 0.8391 0.8388 0.8387 0.8383 0.8380 0.8377 0.8374 0.8372 0.8369 84 0.8366 0.8363 0.8361 0.8358 0.8356 0.8353 0.8350 0.8348 0.8345 0.8343 85 0.8340 0.8337 0.8335 0.8332 0.8330 0.8327 0.8324 0.8322 0.8319 0.8317 86 0.8314 0.8311 0.8308 0.8306 0.8303 0.8300 0.8297 0.8294 0.8292 0.8289 87 0.8286 0.8283 0.8280 0.8277 0.8275 0.8272 0.8269 0.8266 0.8264 0.8261 88 0.8258 0.8255 0.8252 0.8250 0.8247 0.8244 0.8241 0.8238 0.8236 0.8233 89 0.8230 0.8227 0.8224 0.8222 0.8219 0.8216 0.8213 0.8210 0.8208 0.8205 90 0.8202 0.8199 0.8196 0.8194 0.8191 0.8188 0.8185 0.8182 0.8180 0.8177 91 0.8174 0.8172 0.8168 0.8166 0.8163 0.8160 0.8157 0.8154 0.8152 0.8149 92 0.8146 0.8143 0.8140 0.8138 0.8136 0.8132 0.8128 0.8126 0.8124 0.8121 93 0.8118 0.8115 0.8112 0.8110 0.8107 0.8104 0.8101 0.8099 0.8096 0.8093 94 0.8090 0.8087 0.8084 0.8079 0.8076 0.8075 0.8073 0.8070 0.8067 0.8064 edges should be cleaned, after making sure that no defect shall be marked with a marker pen to write down welding near the weld, including the slogan of welding, welders, etc. (16) welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment pipe welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment process conditions welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment temperature table project material welding Qian preheat temperature (?) welding Hou heat treatment and the insulation time (?/H) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) 20 ? 26 100~200 >36 600~650/1-1.5 15CrMo ? 10 150~200 >10 670~700/1.2-2 Preheat and the heat treatment process in the, Inner and outer wall temperature shall be kept uniform, in order to avoid internal stresses. Preheating before welding and post weld heat treatment, shall measure and record the temperature, temperature measurement locations and number of points are reasonable. Prone to weld delayed crack of steel, post weld heat treatment after welding should be carried out promptly, when not conducting timely post weld heat treatment, should be uniformly heated to 200~300? immediately after welding and insulation and slow cooling, ... 26mm more than 20 steel pipe welding preheating before welding should be carried out, 36mm the above heat treatment after welding should be done. Before welding and heat treatment used oxyacetylene flame heating, heat treatment after welding using special heat treatment after welding equipment. Hardness after heat treatment of welds needed testing. 6.5.4 sides of the dissimilar steel welding when were non-austenitic steel or austenitic steel, alloy content according to lower one side of the base metal or selecting welding material in between. When one of the sides of material when austenitic steels, should select the 95 0.8062 0.8059 0.8056 0.8054 0.8051 0.8048 0.8045 0.8042 0.8040 0.8037 96 0.8034 0.8031 0.8028 0.8025 0.8022 0.8019 0.8017 0.8014 0.8011 0.8008 97 0.8005 0.8002 0.7999 0.7996 0.7993 0.7990 0.7988 0.7985 0.7982 0.7979 98 0.7976 0.7973 0.7970 0.7968 0.7965 0.7962 0.7959 0.7956 0.7954 0.7951 99 0.7948 0.7945 0.7942 0.7939 0.7936 0.7932 0.7929 0.7926 0.7923 0.7920 100 0.7917 温度与甲醇密度测定的关系 目录 摘要?????????????????????3 前言??????????????????????3 edges should be cleaned, after making sure that no defect shall be marked with a marker pen to write down welding near the weld, including the slogan of welding, welders, etc. (16) welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment pipe welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment process conditions welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment temperature table project material welding Qian preheat temperature (?) welding Hou heat treatment and the insulation time (?/H) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) 20 ? 26 100~200 >36 600~650/1-1.5 15CrMo ? 10 150~200 >10 670~700/1.2-2 Preheat and the heat treatment process in the, Inner and outer wall temperature shall be kept uniform, in order to avoid internal stresses. Preheating before welding and post weld heat treatment, shall measure and record the temperature, temperature measurement locations and number of points are reasonable. Prone to weld delayed crack of steel, post weld heat treatment after welding should be carried out promptly, when not conducting timely post weld heat treatment, should be uniformly heated to 200~300? immediately after welding and insulation and slow cooling, ... 26mm more than 20 steel pipe welding preheating before welding should be carried out, 36mm the above heat treatment after welding should be done. Before welding and heat treatment used oxyacetylene flame heating, heat treatment after welding using special heat treatment after welding equipment. Hardness after heat treatment of welds needed testing. 6.5.4 sides of the dissimilar steel welding when were non-austenitic steel or austenitic steel, alloy content according to lower one side of the base metal or selecting welding material in between. When one of the sides of material when austenitic steels, should select the 试验原理????????? 试验步骤???????????????3 图表???????? 结论?????? 参考文献???? 摘要:本文根据GB4472-84和GB/T338-92通过测定同一试样在不同温度下的密度的实际数据的分析论述了在甲醇密度测定中温度对其的影响。 关键词:密度、温度、密度计、线性关系 前言:密度是表征物质特性的物理量。在科学技术大力发展的今天～对密度的测量几乎涉及到每个部门～应用相当广泛～它不仅与半成品、成品的数量与质量控制、检测有关～而且对加强及提高生产过程的计量管理水平、促进科学研究及国内外贸易的发展密切相关～因而不论从技术或经济观点上～密度计量测试都是必不可少的。而在我厂生产的产品甲醇的质量指标中～由于密度是贸易结算的主要指标～所以有着重要的意义。本文就温度对甲醇密度测定的影响进行论述。 正文:按GB4472-84《化工产品密度、相对密度测定通则》中2.3.3的规定和GB/T338-92《工业甲醇》～在常温下进行测定。密度计的视值范围为0.750，0.800g/cm3。在15，35?的温度范围内～试样密度的温度校正系数K值为0.00093 g/cm3?。 edges should be cleaned, after making sure that no defect shall be marked with a marker pen to write down welding near the weld, including the slogan of welding, welders, etc. (16) welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment pipe welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment process conditions welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment temperature table project material welding Qian preheat temperature (?) welding Hou heat treatment and the insulation time (?/H) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) 20 ? 26 100~200 >36 600~650/1-1.5 15CrMo ? 10 150~200 >10 670~700/1.2-2 Preheat and the heat treatment process in the, Inner and outer wall temperature shall be kept uniform, in order to avoid internal stresses. Preheating before welding and post weld heat treatment, shall measure and record the temperature, temperature measurement locations and number of points are reasonable. Prone to weld delayed crack of steel, post weld heat treatment after welding should be carried out promptly, when not conducting timely post weld heat treatment, should be uniformly heated to 200~300? immediately after welding and insulation and slow cooling, ... 26mm more than 20 steel pipe welding preheating before welding should be carried out, 36mm the above heat treatment after welding should be done. Before welding and heat treatment used oxyacetylene flame heating, heat treatment after welding using special heat treatment after welding equipment. Hardness after heat treatment of welds needed testing. 6.5.4 sides of the dissimilar steel welding when were non-austenitic steel or austenitic steel, alloy content according to lower one side of the base metal or selecting welding material in between. When one of the sides of material when austenitic steels, should select the 两次平行测定结果的差值不大于0.0005 g/cm3。 密度指的是单位体积内流体的质量～以ρ表示(在流体内任意取微小体积V～该体积内包含的流体质量为m～则其平均密度为ρ=m/V( 常用测定密度的方法有密度瓶法、天平法、韦氏天平法、密度计法和密度仪法。 试验原理:我们现在测定甲醇密度采用的是密度计法～它是利用浮力来测定样品的密度。它的原理是阿基米德原理～测定时将密度计沉入液体中～当密度计所排开液体的质量等于其本身的质量时～则密度计处于平衡状态～漂浮与液体中。液体的密度越大浮力越大～密度计露出液面部分也越多,反之～液体的密度小～浮力也小～密度计露出液面部分也越少。 试验步骤:我们所使用的密度计是必须经过校准检验合格的。测定方法如下:使待测试样处于规定温度～将试样注入清洁、干燥的量筒内～不得有气泡～待温度稳定后～将清洁干燥的密度计缓缓的放入试样中～其下端应距离量筒底2cm以上～不能与筒壁接触～由于干管上多余的液体会影响读数～在密度计干管液面以上部分应尽量减少残留液,用温度计作垂直旋转运动搅拌试样～使整个量筒中试样的密度和温度达到均匀。待密度计在量筒中稳定后读出密度计弯月面下缘的刻度,标有读弯月面上缘刻度的密度计除外,以及此时试样的温度。 为了保证测定数据的准确性～在整个试验期间～环境温度变化应不大于?2?。当环境温度变化大于?2?时应使用恒温浴～以避免温度变化太大。记录温度变化接近到0.1?.把密度计放在液体中～达到平衡位置时放开～让密度计自由的漂浮～要注意避免弄湿液面以上的干管。在放置时～要轻轻转动一下密度计～使它能在离开量筒壁的地方静止下来自由漂浮～要有充分的时间让密度edges should be cleaned, after making sure that no defect shall be marked with a marker pen to write down welding near the weld, including the slogan of welding, welders, etc. (16) welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment pipe welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment process conditions welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment temperature table project material welding Qian preheat temperature (?) welding Hou heat treatment and the insulation time (?/H) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) 20 ? 26 100~200 >36 600~650/1-1.5 15CrMo ? 10 150~200 >10 670~700/1.2-2 Preheat and the heat treatment process in the, Inner and outer wall temperature shall be kept uniform, in order to avoid internal stresses. Preheating before welding and post weld heat treatment, shall measure and record the temperature, temperature measurement locations and number of points are reasonable. Prone to weld delayed crack of steel, post weld heat treatment after welding should be carried out promptly, when not conducting timely post weld heat treatment, should be uniformly heated to 200~300? immediately after welding and insulation and slow cooling, ... 26mm more than 20 steel pipe welding preheating before welding should be carried out, 36mm the above heat treatment after welding should be done. Before welding and heat treatment used oxyacetylene flame heating, heat treatment after welding using special heat treatment after welding equipment. Hardness after heat treatment of welds needed testing. 6.5.4 sides of the dissimilar steel welding when were non-austenitic steel or austenitic steel, alloy content according to lower one side of the base metal or selecting welding material in between. When one of the sides of material when austenitic steels, should select the 计静止。读数时～先使眼睛稍低于液面～再慢慢的升到表面～先看到一个不正的椭圆～然后变成一条与密度计刻度相切的直线～密度计读数为液面下弯月面与密度计刻度相切的那一点～读到最接近刻度间隔的1/5。 由于密度计的准确读数是在规定的温度下标定的。在其他温度下的刻度读数仅是密度计的读数,称视密度,。而不是在该温度下的密度。 常温t,?,下试样的密度ρt,g/cm3,按下式进行计算: ρt=ρt′+ρt′α(t-20) 式中:ρt′----试样在t,?,时密度计的读数值～g/cm3, α-------密度计的玻璃膨胀系数～一般为0.000025, 20-------密度计的标准温度～?, t--------测定时的温度～?。 常温t,?,下试样的密度换算为20?时的密度ρ20,g/cm3,按下式进行计算: ρ20=ρt + k(t-20) 式中:k----试样密度的温度校正系数～可根据查表或由不同液态化工产品实测求得。 试样水分含量为0.003%时,同一试样,～各温度下的密度值如下: edges should be cleaned, after making sure that no defect shall be marked with a marker pen to write down welding near the weld, including the slogan of welding, welders, etc. (16) welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment pipe welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment process conditions welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment temperature table project material welding Qian preheat temperature (?) welding Hou heat treatment and the insulation time (?/H) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) 20 ? 26 100~200 >36 600~650/1-1.5 15CrMo ? 10 150~200 >10 670~700/1.2-2 Preheat and the heat treatment process in the, Inner and outer wall temperature shall be kept uniform, in order to avoid internal stresses. Preheating before welding and post weld heat treatment, shall measure and record the temperature, temperature measurement locations and number of points are reasonable. Prone to weld delayed crack of steel, post weld heat treatment after welding should be carried out promptly, when not conducting timely post weld heat treatment, should be uniformly heated to 200~300? immediately after welding and insulation and slow cooling, ... 26mm more than 20 steel pipe welding preheating before welding should be carried out, 36mm the above heat treatment after welding should be done. Before welding and heat treatment used oxyacetylene flame heating, heat treatment after welding using special heat treatment after welding equipment. Hardness after heat treatment of welds needed testing. 6.5.4 sides of the dissimilar steel welding when were non-austenitic steel or austenitic steel, alloy content according to lower one side of the base metal or selecting welding material in between. When one of the sides of material when austenitic steels, should select the 温度,?, 视密度,g/cm3, 校正后密度(g/m3) 10.0 0.8003 0.7913 11.5 0.7989 0.7913 12.0 0.7984 0.7913 12.5 0.7980 0.7914 13.0 0.7977 0.7914 13.5 0.7972 0.7914 14.0 0.7968 0.7914 14.5 0.7963 0.7914 15.0 0.7959 0.7915 ,图一 , edges should be cleaned, after making sure that no defect shall be marked with a marker pen to write down welding near the weld, including the slogan of welding, welders, etc. (16) welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment pipe welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment process conditions welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment temperature table project material welding Qian preheat temperature (?) welding Hou heat treatment and the insulation time (?/H) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) 20 ? 26 100~200 >36 600~650/1-1.5 15CrMo ? 10 150~200 >10 670~700/1.2-2 Preheat and the heat treatment process in the, Inner and outer wall temperature shall be kept uniform, in order to avoid internal stresses. Preheating before welding and post weld heat treatment, shall measure and record the temperature, temperature measurement locations and number of points are reasonable. Prone to weld delayed crack of steel, post weld heat treatment after welding should be carried out promptly, when not conducting timely post weld heat treatment, should be uniformly heated to 200~300? immediately after welding and insulation and slow cooling, ... 26mm more than 20 steel pipe welding preheating before welding should be carried out, 36mm the above heat treatment after welding should be done. Before welding and heat treatment used oxyacetylene flame heating, heat treatment after welding using special heat treatment after welding equipment. Hardness after heat treatment of welds needed testing. 6.5.4 sides of the dissimilar steel welding when were non-austenitic steel or austenitic steel, alloy content according to lower one side of the base metal or selecting welding material in between. When one of the sides of material when austenitic steels, should select the 温度,?, 视密度,g/cm3, 校正后密度(g/m3) 15.0 0.7959 0.7915 15.5 0.7955 0.7915 16.0 0.7948 0.7915 16.5 0.7943 0.7915 17.0 0.7939 0.7915 17.5 0.7935 0.7915 18.0 0.7930 0.7915 19.5 0.7916 0.7915 20.0 0.7912 0.7915 21.0 0.7902 0.7915 23.0 0.7885 0.7915 edges should be cleaned, after making sure that no defect shall be marked with a marker pen to write down welding near the weld, including the slogan of welding, welders, etc. (16) welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment pipe welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment process conditions welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment temperature table project material welding Qian preheat temperature (?) welding Hou heat treatment and the insulation time (?/H) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) 20 ? 26 100~200 >36 600~650/1-1.5 15CrMo ? 10 150~200 >10 670~700/1.2-2 Preheat and the heat treatment process in the, Inner and outer wall temperature shall be kept uniform, in order to avoid internal stresses. Preheating before welding and post weld heat treatment, shall measure and record the temperature, temperature measurement locations and number of points are reasonable. Prone to weld delayed crack of steel, post weld heat treatment after welding should be carried out promptly, when not conducting timely post weld heat treatment, should be uniformly heated to 200~300? immediately after welding and insulation and slow cooling, ... 26mm more than 20 steel pipe welding preheating before welding should be carried out, 36mm the above heat treatment after welding should be done. Before welding and heat treatment used oxyacetylene flame heating, heat treatment after welding using special heat treatment after welding equipment. Hardness after heat treatment of welds needed testing. 6.5.4 sides of the dissimilar steel welding when were non-austenitic steel or austenitic steel, alloy content according to lower one side of the base metal or selecting welding material in between. When one of the sides of material when austenitic steels, should select the 24.0 0.7876 0.7915 25.0 0.7869 0.7915 27.0 0.7848 0.7915 28.0 0.7840 0.7915 29.0 0.7830 0.7915 30.0 0.7820 0.7915 ,图二, 温度,?, 视密度,g/cm3, 校正后密度(g/m3) 30.0 0.7820 0.7915 30.5 0.7818 0.7915 31.0 0.7813 0.7916 edges should be cleaned, after making sure that no defect shall be marked with a marker pen to write down welding near the weld, including the slogan of welding, welders, etc. (16) welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment pipe welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment process conditions welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment temperature table project material welding Qian preheat temperature (?) welding Hou heat treatment and the insulation time (?/H) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) 20 ? 26 100~200 >36 600~650/1-1.5 15CrMo ? 10 150~200 >10 670~700/1.2-2 Preheat and the heat treatment process in the, Inner and outer wall temperature shall be kept uniform, in order to avoid internal stresses. Preheating before welding and post weld heat treatment, shall measure and record the temperature, temperature measurement locations and number of points are reasonable. Prone to weld delayed crack of steel, post weld heat treatment after welding should be carried out promptly, when not conducting timely post weld heat treatment, should be uniformly heated to 200~300? immediately after welding and insulation and slow cooling, ... 26mm more than 20 steel pipe welding preheating before welding should be carried out, 36mm the above heat treatment after welding should be done. Before welding and heat treatment used oxyacetylene flame heating, heat treatment after welding using special heat treatment after welding equipment. Hardness after heat treatment of welds needed testing. 6.5.4 sides of the dissimilar steel welding when were non-austenitic steel or austenitic steel, alloy content according to lower one side of the base metal or selecting welding material in between. When one of the sides of material when austenitic steels, should select the 31.5 0.7807 0.7916 32.0 0.7803 0.7916 33.0 0.7795 0.7916 34.0 0.7786 0.7917 35.0 0.7777 0.7918 ,图三, 温度,?, 视密度,g/cm3, 校正后密度(g/m3) 35.0 0.7777 0.7918 36.0 0.7769 0.7919 36.5 0.7765 0.7919 37.0 0.7762 0.7920 edges should be cleaned, after making sure that no defect shall be marked with a marker pen to write down welding near the weld, including the slogan of welding, welders, etc. (16) welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment pipe welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment process conditions welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment temperature table project material welding Qian preheat temperature (?) welding Hou heat treatment and the insulation time (?/H) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) 20 ? 26 100~200 >36 600~650/1-1.5 15CrMo ? 10 150~200 >10 670~700/1.2-2 Preheat and the heat treatment process in the, Inner and outer wall temperature shall be kept uniform, in order to avoid internal stresses. Preheating before welding and post weld heat treatment, shall measure and record the temperature, temperature measurement locations and number of points are reasonable. Prone to weld delayed crack of steel, post weld heat treatment after welding should be carried out promptly, when not conducting timely post weld heat treatment, should be uniformly heated to 200~300? immediately after welding and insulation and slow cooling, ... 26mm more than 20 steel pipe welding preheating before welding should be carried out, 36mm the above heat treatment after welding should be done. Before welding and heat treatment used oxyacetylene flame heating, heat treatment after welding using special heat treatment after welding equipment. Hardness after heat treatment of welds needed testing. 6.5.4 sides of the dissimilar steel welding when were non-austenitic steel or austenitic steel, alloy content according to lower one side of the base metal or selecting welding material in between. When one of the sides of material when austenitic steels, should select the 38.0 0.7753 0.7921 39.0 0.7746 0.7922 40.0 0.7737 0.7922 ,图四, 将以上数据综合成以下一张总图以更清楚的观察结果的规律性: ,图五, 根据上述数据可以看出:如图一所示在10，15?～结果有偏离且无规律性。图二所示～温度在规定范围内测定,密度随温度的变化可近似的看作直线关系。图三所示,在30，35?时结果数据偏大,但仍在允许误差范围内。图四所示,在35，40?时结果偏离太大。温度较低时～试样不易均衡。由于甲醇闪点较低～属于易挥发物～温度较高时～挥发较为剧烈～使试样中水分含量变大～水的密度与甲醇密度相差较大～会直接影响测量结果～使结果偏大。故在测量时根据气候、温度的变化注意调节样品的温度。另外～注意液面以上的密度计管杆所沾试液不得超过两个分度值～因为杆体上多余的液体会影响所得读数。除此之外～还受最小分度值及测试人员视力的限制其准确度不能太高。 结论:温度对甲醇密度测定的影响是非常大的。在标准规定的范围内同一试样的密度基本上呈直线～温度过低及温度过高时则偏edges should be cleaned, after making sure that no defect shall be marked with a marker pen to write down welding near the weld, including the slogan of welding, welders, etc. (16) welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment pipe welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment process conditions welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment temperature table project material welding Qian preheat temperature (?) welding Hou heat treatment and the insulation time (?/H) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) 20 ? 26 100~200 >36 600~650/1-1.5 15CrMo ? 10 150~200 >10 670~700/1.2-2 Preheat and the heat treatment process in the, Inner and outer wall temperature shall be kept uniform, in order to avoid internal stresses. Preheating before welding and post weld heat treatment, shall measure and record the temperature, temperature measurement locations and number of points are reasonable. Prone to weld delayed crack of steel, post weld heat treatment after welding should be carried out promptly, when not conducting timely post weld heat treatment, should be uniformly heated to 200~300? immediately after welding and insulation and slow cooling, ... 26mm more than 20 steel pipe welding preheating before welding should be carried out, 36mm the above heat treatment after welding should be done. Before welding and heat treatment used oxyacetylene flame heating, heat treatment after welding using special heat treatment after welding equipment. Hardness after heat treatment of welds needed testing. 6.5.4 sides of the dissimilar steel welding when were non-austenitic steel or austenitic steel, alloy content according to lower one side of the base metal or selecting welding material in between. When one of the sides of material when austenitic steels, should select the 离此直线。一般要求测定的温度是15-35?～但是甲醇的挥发点比较低～所以平时测量时温度不宜太高～一般保持在20?左右～环境温度变化应不大于?2?～记录温度变化接近到0.1?。 甲醇属于中度危害毒物～对呼吸道及胃肠道黏膜有刺激作用。对血管神经有毒作用～引起血管痉挛～形成瘀血或出血。对视神经和视网膜有特殊的选择作用～使视网膜因缺乏营养而坏死。我们在测定中应该注意对自身的保护～测定甲醇试样时～因为甲醇对眼睛伤害较大且为不可逆转性伤害。作分析时应该戴好防护眼镜和手套,有条件的话可以佩带防毒面具。另外分析时应注意所使用的密度计量筒中应干燥清洁～避免试样飞溅～减少挥发。把装有试样的量筒垂直的放在没有空气流动的地方。 参考文献: 1. GB4472-84化工产品密度、相对密度测定通则, edges should be cleaned, after making sure that no defect shall be marked with a marker pen to write down welding near the weld, including the slogan of welding, welders, etc. (16) welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment pipe welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment process conditions welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment temperature table project material welding Qian preheat temperature (?) welding Hou heat treatment and the insulation time (?/H) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) 20 ? 26 100~200 >36 600~650/1-1.5 15CrMo ? 10 150~200 >10 670~700/1.2-2 Preheat and the heat treatment process in the, Inner and outer wall temperature shall be kept uniform, in order to avoid internal stresses. Preheating before welding and post weld heat treatment, shall measure and record the temperature, temperature measurement locations and number of points are reasonable. Prone to weld delayed crack of steel, post weld heat treatment after welding should be carried out promptly, when not conducting timely post weld heat treatment, should be uniformly heated to 200~300? immediately after welding and insulation and slow cooling, ... 26mm more than 20 steel pipe welding preheating before welding should be carried out, 36mm the above heat treatment after welding should be done. Before welding and heat treatment used oxyacetylene flame heating, heat treatment after welding using special heat treatment after welding equipment. Hardness after heat treatment of welds needed testing. 6.5.4 sides of the dissimilar steel welding when were non-austenitic steel or austenitic steel, alloy content according to lower one side of the base metal or selecting welding material in between. When one of the sides of material when austenitic steels, should select the 2. GB/T338-92工业甲醇, 3. 石油产品分析/姜学信主编(—北京:化学工业出版社～1999.11, 4. 石油计量标准汇编,新*独山子石化公司机动处,。 edges should be cleaned, after making sure that no defect shall be marked with a marker pen to write down welding near the weld, including the slogan of welding, welders, etc. (16) welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment pipe welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment process conditions welding Qian Preheat and the welding Hou heat treatment temperature table project material welding Qian preheat temperature (?) welding Hou heat treatment and the insulation time (?/H) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) wall thick (mm) temperature (?) 20 ? 26 100~200 >36 600~650/1-1.5 15CrMo ? 10 150~200 >10 670~700/1.2-2 Preheat and the heat treatment process in the, Inner and outer wall temperature shall be kept uniform, in order to avoid internal stresses. Preheating before welding and post weld heat treatment, shall measure and record the temperature, temperature measurement locations and number of points are reasonable. Prone to weld delayed crack of steel, post weld heat treatment after welding should be carried out promptly, when not conducting timely post weld heat treatment, should be uniformly heated to 200~300? immediately after welding and insulation and slow cooling, ... 26mm more than 20 steel pipe welding preheating before welding should be carried out, 36mm the above heat treatment after welding should be done. Before welding and heat treatment used oxyacetylene flame heating, heat treatment after welding using special heat treatment after welding equipment. Hardness after heat treatment of welds needed testing. 6.5.4 sides of the dissimilar steel welding when were non-austenitic steel or austenitic steel, alloy content according to lower one side of the base metal or selecting welding material in between. When one of the sides of material when austenitic steels, should select the