英语中的三种语气:陈述语气

英语中的三种语气:陈述语气 2) 过去式或过去进行时(be用were) 对现在情况的虚拟 wish+that宾语从句(that常省) had，过去分词 对过去情况的虚拟 The Subjunctive Mood 英语中的三种语气:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。其中虚拟语气用来表示说话人的一种与事实原 对将来的主观愿望 would +V 相反的主观愿望、猜测、建议或假想等。if条件句与主句的动词变化形式: eg. I wish I could fly. 1.If 条件状语从句中的虚拟形式: I wish you would stay a little longer. I wish I had known it before. 虚拟语气 If条件句 主句 3)would rather+宾语从句(谓语动词用过去式) 与现在事实相反 动词过去式(若动词为be用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形 Eg. I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue for the time being. 与过去事实相反 had，过去分词 should/would/could/might+have，过去分词 4. 表语从句: 与将来事实相反 1.动词过去式 should/would/could/might+动词原形 表示“”、“建议”、“命令”、“欲望”、“劝告”等动词派生出来的同根名词作主语时，其表语从2.should，动词原形 句要虚拟(即谓语“(should)+V原”)，这类名词有:suggestion, proposal,request, advice, decision, 3.were to，动词原形 requirement等. 注意: Eg. The old man’s request is that his children (should) give him some money to live on every month. 1)有时虚拟条件不用虚拟条件句表示，而用but for(要不是), without(如果没有),otherwise或or(否 My suggestion is that the old houses (should) be pulled down. 则)，或通过上下文来表示。 5. 同位语从句:同位语从句用虚拟语气的情况与表语从句类似。 Eg. My wish that a teaching bulding (should) be built here will soon come true. Eg. But for the storm, we would have arrived earlier. What do you think of Mr Li’s proposal that we (should) have a get-together next Friday? 6. It is (high) time+that从句(谓语动词常用过去式) Without water, all on the earth could not live. Eg. It is time that the child went to bed. 7. 注意下列用法: 2)if only(要是„就好了) should/ought to have done Eg. If only I were your brother. should not/ought not to have done 2. 主语从句中的虚拟语气: could/ might have done 1)It’s important/necessary/strange/surprising/natural/desirable/ect.+that从句(谓语“(should)+V原”) need not have done 类似用法的形容词还有:essential, possible, impossible, dreadful, funny等 8. as if/though从句若情况属实，用陈述语气。否则用虚拟语气。(现在情况:动词用过去式;过去情 况:had，过去分词 Eg. It is important that she (should) cooperate with us. It was unnecessary that they (should) get here so early. It looks as if it’s going to rain. 2)It’s +ordered/advised/ requested/required/desired/suggested + that从句(谓语“(should)+V原”) It looks as if he had finished all his task. 9.在if引导的虚拟语气的条件句中，如果谓语动词含有were,或had, should, would等，有时可将ifEg. It’s ordered that the classroom(should) be kept in order. 省略，将条件句中were,或had, should, would提到主语之前。 It is desired that every student (should) obey the school rules. It is suggested that we (should)start the work at once. Eg. Were I (=If you were) you, I would make more notes. 3. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气: Had you (= If you had) invited us, we would have come. 1)表示“要求”、“建议”、“命令”等意义的动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即谓语“(should)+V原”) Exercises: 这类动词有:request, order,propose, command, advise, recommend, demand, suggest, insist等。 1. If my lawyer ___ here last Saturday, he ___ me from leaving. Eg. He insisted that all of us (should) be there on time by any means. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented ※注意:当insist表示“坚持认为”和suggest表示“表明;暗示”时,其后的宾语从句不用虚拟。 2. ___ more attention, the trees could have grown better. Eg. The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for hi. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given He insisted that he was honest. 3. He suggested that she ___ at once. 1 A. starts B. to start C. should start D. started A. working in the garden than doing his homework. 4. Her expression suggested that she ___ angry. B. work in the garden than do his homework. A. was B. were C. be D. should be C. to work in the garden than to do his homework. 5. They insisted that he ___ present at the meeting. D. work in the garden thatn doing his homework. A. was B. were C. be D. should 6. Would you rather I ___ buying a new bike? 6. I wish I ___ you yesterday. A. decided against B. will decide against C. have decided against D. shall decide against A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 7. If only I ___ earlier. 7. --- Did you enjoy the film last night? A. come B. have come C. had come D. might come --- Yes, but I wish I ___ a headache. 8. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ____ your advice. A. hadn’t B. didn’t have C. hadn’t had D. wouldn’t have A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow 8. It is necessary that he ___ to the hospital at once. 9. If we ___ yesterday , we ___ the work. A. should send B. be sent C. would be sent D. sent A. weren’t interrupted; would finish B. didn’t interrupt; would have finished 9. My suggestion is that you ___ the party nexst weekend. C. hadn’t interrupted; had finished D. hadn’t been interrupted; would have finished A. held B. sould hold C. should hold D. could hold 10. ___, I’d have told you. 10. The leader gave orders that the work ___ before May Day. A. If I would have known it B. If I have known it C. Had I known it D. Should I know it A. finished B. be finished C. to finished D. finish. 11. ___ today, he would get there by Friday. 11. Bod ___ hard, otherwise he ___ in this exam. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. were he to leave D. If he leaves A. can’t have worked; wouldn’t have failed B. can’t work; wouldn’t have failed 12. If you had not helped them, they ___ in London now. C. mustn’t have worked; wouldn’t fail D. must have worked; would fail A. would still be B. will still be C. would have still gone D. will have still gone 12. The driver kept his head; or the accident ___. 13. Without your help, we ___ so much. A. would happen B. happened C. would have happened D. would be happened A. will not achieve B. didn’t achieve C. don’t achieve D. would not have achieved 13. His failure in the college entrance esam suggested that he ___ hard. 14. Your advice that she ___ till next week is reasonable. A. not study B. should not study C. study D. had not studied A. will wait B. is going to wait C. waits D. wait 14. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ___ for her. 15. --- What are you going to do next year? A. had to write it out B. must have written it out --- I don’t know. But it’s time ____ something. C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out A. I decided B. I deciding C. I’ll decide D. I’d decide 15.--- I stayed at a hotel wihile in NewYork. 16. She insisted that a doctor ___ immediately. --- Oh, did you? You ___ with Barbara. A. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent A. would have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 17. The thief closed his eyes ___ he ___ dying. 1. It was suggested that such machines ___ at once. A. even if; was B. though; would be C. even; had been D. as if; were A. would be produced b. will be produced C. was to be produced D. be produced 18. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ___ their won son. 2. I wish I ___ to America with you, but I AM TOO BUSY. A. is B. were C. had been D. should be A. will go B. can go C. shall go D. could go 19. It is strange that he ___ back so early. 3. --- It’s raining, and I have no umbrella. A. came B. will come C. had come D. should have come --- Here’s mine and I insist ___ it. 20. My suggestion is that the meeting ___ of till next Sunday. A. you to take B. that you take C. that you taking D. you taking A. be put B. put C. should put D. had been put 4. She went to the market early so that she ___ buy some fresh fish. 21. The teacher demanded that the exam ___ before eleven. A. can B. might C. must D. should A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished 5. Bob would rather ____. 22. Helen doesn’t know how much I spent in repairing the house; if she ever found out, I’m sure ___. 2 A. she’d never forgive me B. she never forgives me C. she’ll never have forgiven me D. she does never forgive me 23. Without the help of the teacher, I ___ the entrance exam. A. wouldn’t pass B. wouldn’t have passed C. couldn’t be able to pass D. will never pass 24. But for the leadership of our Party and Government, we ___ these splendid results. A. have achieved B. shouldn’t have achieved C. should have achieved D. would achieve 25. He didn’t come yesterday, or you ___ him. A. would see B. were to see C. might have seen D. had seen 26. You didn’t let me drive. If we ___ in turn, you ___ so tired. A.drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C . were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have get 27. ___ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 28. I suggested the person ___ to be put into prison. A. refers B. refering C. referred D. refer 29. --- Did you go with them? --- No, I was very busy, but I would have gone if I ___. A. had been B. hadn’t C. wasn’t D. was 30. Without electricity, human life ___ qute difficult today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. was 3 4