如何判断发动机该清理积碳了

如何判断发动机该清理积碳了 发动机工作时声音较闷排气不畅，怠速不稳，工作无力，油耗升高，水温、排气温度异常升高，启动困难，油门滞后反映不灵敏等等都是与积炭相关的现象，不过要特别提醒的一点是，要得到正确的判断，还得先排除与上述现象有关的故障后才可以得出结论，因为大家都知道，不同的故障反映出的现象有些是相同的，所以需要一一排除。排除故障的一般原则是:先简单后复杂，先排除外围，后拆解内部。大凡需要拆解发动机的故障，要先排除外围部件引起的故障后才可以作出决定，盲目轻易的拆解发动机将会造成不必要的损失，所以需要慎之又慎的作出决定。 积碳的分类及清理 积碳可以分气门、燃烧室积碳和进气管积碳两种。 气门、燃烧室积碳 受电喷发动机控制特点的决定，汽缸每次工作的时候都是先喷油再点火，当我们熄灭发动机的一瞬间点火被马上切断，但是这次工作循环所喷出的汽油却无法被回收，只能贴附在进气门和燃烧室壁上，汽油很容易挥发，但汽油中的蜡和胶质物却留了下来，长此以往汽油中的蜡和胶质物越积越厚，反复受热后变硬就形成了积碳。如果发动机烧机油，或是加注的汽油质量低劣杂质较多，那么气门积碳就更严重且形成的速度也更快。由于积碳的结构类似海绵，当气门形成积碳以后每次喷入汽缸的燃油就会有一部分被吸附，使得真正进入汽缸的混合气浓度变稀，导致发动机工作不良，出现启动困难、怠速不稳、加速不良、急加油回火、尾气超标、油耗增多等异常现象。如果再严重会造成气门封闭不严，使某缸因没有缸压而彻底不工作，甚至粘连engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the 气门使之不回位。此时气门与活塞会产生运动干涉，最终损坏发动机。 进气管积碳 由于整台发动机各个活塞的工作并不是同步的， 当熄灭发动机时，有些汽缸的进气门不能完全关闭，一些未燃烧的燃油不断蒸发氧化，会在进气管中尤其是节气门后方产生一些较软的黑色积碳。一方面这些积碳会使进气管的管壁变粗糙，进气会在这些粗糙的地方产生旋涡，影响进气效果及混合气的质量。 另一方面，这些积碳还会阻塞怠速通道使怠速控制装置卡滞或超出其调节范围，这样一来会造成怠速低、怠速发抖、各种附属装置的提速均失灵、收油灭车、尾气超标、费油等现象。 如果你在驾驶中遇到提速慢，急加油回火，冷启动困难的现象，你车的气门很有可能已经积碳了。发现怠速低而且怠速时车发抖，踩下油门时发卡，换电瓶无怠速，那么你车的进气管已经积碳很严重了。有了以上现象就应该及时去专业维修店检查一下车子了。 减少、预防、清除积碳的方法: 解决方法 第一:加注高质量的汽油 汽油中的蜡和胶质等不纯物是形成积碳的主要成分，所以清洁度高的汽油形成积碳的趋势就弱一些。不幸的是，目前我国的汽油质量与发达国家相比还较低，只能因陋就简。大家要注意高标号并不等于高质量，也就是说97号的油并不一定比93号的杂质就少，标号只代油的辛烷值，并不能代表品质和清洁程度。 一些车主为了保证汽油的清洁度，会采用在汽油里添加汽油清洁剂的做法。这样可有效地防止在金属表面形成积碳结层，并能逐渐活化原有的积碳颗粒慢慢去除，从而保护发动机免受伤害。不过汽油清洁剂的添加一定要慎重，如果加入了伪劣的产品会得到相反的效果。 engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the 第二:不要长时间怠速行驶 怠速时间长，发动机达到正常温度的时间也就变长，汽油被喷到气门背面后蒸发的速度就慢，积碳也由此而生。同时经常怠速行驶，进入发动机的空气流量也就小，这样对积碳的冲刷作用变得也很弱，会促进积碳的沉积。 第三:多跑高速，尽量提高手挡车的换挡转速 多跑高速的目的就是要利用气流对进气道的冲刷作用来预防产生积碳。另外，提高换挡的转速也与多跑高速有着异曲同工之妙，把原来在转速2000时换挡变成2500转换，不但可以有效预防积碳生成，还可以提高汽车的动力性，也避免了换挡转速过低带来的爆振，保护发动机。 第四:使用燃油清洁清洗添加剂 清洗保护剂来清洗发动机相当简单，具体的使用方法和注意事项可看产品使用说明。 清洗剂在发动机工作时，被燃油泵随同燃油一起吸入供油管路内。随着燃油的流动，它不仅能清洗掉油箱内、汽油泵滤网上的胶质和喷油嘴上的胶质与积碳，还可以在发动机正常工作时，自动清洗掉气门上和发动机汽缸内的积碳，使发动机“返老还童”，重新焕发出澎湃动力。由于从油箱、燃油泵滤网以及燃油管道内清洁下来的胶质会沉积在汽油滤清器内，所以免拆清洗后，必须及时更换燃油滤清器(汽油格)。 须再次提醒各位车主的是，由于清洗剂中的化学清洗成份对橡胶供油管路有一定腐蚀作用，使用该方法时，一定要注意使用周期与间隔时间，不然会加快燃油橡胶供油管路的老化和腐蚀。 第五:拆机清洗 “免拆清洗”简单省力，只须按正确的方法使用即可。但对于积碳严重的发动机，这种方法就显得力不从心，无法达到完engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the 全清洗洁净的目的。“免拆清洗”后，若发动机工作性能仍旧恶劣，而技师告诉您问题就是气门和缸内积碳太多引起时，那就不得不采用拆解发动机的方法来解决了。 气门积碳的清洗较为简单，在拆下进气歧管后，用手工或采用清洁药物浸泡即可清除。至于发动机缸内积碳的清洁，则必须“大动干戈”，拆下汽缸盖、正时皮带等才可以清洗。 由于发动机拆卸重新装配后，其动力、密封性能会逊色于原厂，所以一般情况下，清洁发动汽缸内的积碳不宜经常进行。万不得已时，也必须到正规的维修厂进行，否则发动机性能将大打折扣。 气门容易形成积碳的缘故。 气门背部形成积碳带来直接后果是发动机加速不良，怠速不稳，有时伴有进气歧管放炮，冷车启动困难等一系列问题。 常听有人抱怨燃油质量差，但人们往往忽略了另外一个罪魁祸首:曲轴箱通风。为防止污染空气，师们把发动机内部的废气直接引入进气歧管，随新鲜空气一起进入燃烧室进行燃烧。高温的油蒸气随新鲜空气一起充满进气歧管，一部分附着在管壁及气门背部，另一部分随进气流在进气门处与喷入的燃油混合形成混合汽，进入燃烧室燃烧后被排出车外。 由于吸入的空气中含有细小灰尘，在空滤处无法完全滤除，伴随油气一起冲刷气门背部，经长时间冲刷造成细微划痕。细小颗粒与来自曲engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the 轴箱的润滑油储存在划痕中，在高温下形成漆状物，经长时间积累，并混合燃油中的蜡等成分形成积碳。 产生积碳后通常采用免拆卸清洗的方法，严重的则要采用揭缸盖清洁气门的方法。 为避免揭缸盖带来损失，通过分析发现:从积碳形成到集聚至影响发动机正常工作是个渐进过程。当发动机出现凉车启动困难，怠速不稳时，说明积碳已经相当严重，再进一步就会造成失火断缸，直到无法启动。当出现凉车启动困难应立即到维修店进行检查，排除其他因素后应及时清洗气门积炭，避免揭缸盖带来的损失。 针对积碳的危害，驾驶员应做好以下几点工作:首先要定期维护保养，保持油、气清洁;其次，每2万公里应清一次积碳(免拆清洗);最后，注意驾驶习惯， 避免长时间怠速停车，避免高速行驶后立即熄火，避免启动后立刻高速行驶，换挡时机控制在2000-3000转左右。 engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the