Unit 1 Answers to Exercises

Unit 1 Answers to Exercises V ocabulary 1.1) urged 2) halted 3) bother 4) embarrassed 5)adjusted 6) complain 7) kid 8) engage 9)subject 10) saw to it that 11) coordinate 12) participate 2. Word building patient----patience enter---- entrance bitter---bitterness complain----complaint fortunate---fortune envy----envious knowledge---knowledgeable memory----memorable reluctant---reluctance frustrate----frustration 1) bitter 2)fortunate 3) patience 4) memorable 5) reluctant 6) entrance 7) complaints 8) envious 9) knowledgeable 10) frustration Translation ? 1.He walks slowly because of his bad leg. ? 2.He came to the meeting despite his serious illness. ? 3.He saw to it that the same mistake would not happen again. ? 4.Now that they’ve got to know each other a little better, they get along just fine. ? 5.Then I found myself surrounded by half a dozen boys. ? 6.On this happy occasion, I send you my best wishes. E to C 1. 他从来不感到疲劳,非常喜欢干活,而且话不多。2. 由她陪在身边我很高兴并感到安全,尤其是在天气不好的时候。3. 从他那里得到的一切我们都非常感激,而且下决心要努力学习来报答他。 4. 他常常给我将一些很有趣的,而且从这些故事中我能够知道自己该做什么,不该做什么。Part Three 1. causes 2. offers 3. to 4.not 5.tell 6.calls 7. attracted 8. discovers 9. Weak 10. disappointed 11. distance 12. out Part Four 1. support a big family 2. care for her children and parents 3. pay for his child’s education 4. after years of diligent research 5. the financial burden on his shoulders 6. She has a golden heart and loves people around her. 7. My father has never bought any toys and candies for my younger brother and me, but I know he loves us. 8. My parent do their best to meet our needs and always keep their promises. Unit 2 1. Understanding the Main idea of the Passage 1. different 2. problems 3. communication 4. translator 5. trust 6. acceptance 7. exaggerate 8. superlative 9. metaphors 10. generalizations 11. unsupportive 12.literally 13. rethink 14. translate 2. Understanding Specific Information 1. F 2. T 3. F 4.T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. T V ocabulary 1. 1) mess 2)repeat 3)mislead 4) intends 5)tend 6)exaggerates 7)frustrating 8) misinterpreted 9)acceptance 10)trust 2. Step One 1)f 2)c 3)a 4)k 5)i 6)e 7)h 8)j 9)g 10)b 11)d Step Two 1)conveyed/conveys 2)assistance 3)encounter 4)conflict 5)emphasis 6)reacted 7)recognize 8)manner 9)assumed/assume 10)emerged/emerges 11)ignore 3. 1)out 2)on 3)with 4)of 5)In 6)in 7)to 8)on 9)At 10)of Translation 1. I went to the dentist yesterday to have a bad/decayed tooth pulled out. 2. The development of things depends fundamentally on internal causes. 3. All roads lead to Rome. 4. I meant to give you that book today, but I forgot to bring it with me. 5. I was on the verge of accepting his advice. 6. Divorce is not a matter you can afford to take lightly, Part Four Writing and Translation Translation Practice 1. Misunderstandings are very common in our daily lives. They will cause problems and unnecessary trouble: ruin friendships, bring misery. 2. They are many ways to avoid misunderstandings. A. Do not use words that may have double meanings. B. Express ideas and pronounce words clearly. C. Emphasize the main points. D. Don’t pretend to understand when you don’t. E. Ask for clarification when not clear about the meaning. F. Be aware of the gender differences in communication. 3. Many misunderstandings can be avoided if we are careful enough. Life without misunderstandings will be better and happier. Unit 3 Reading Comprehension 1. Understanding the Organization of the Text 1). Introduction (para. 1) Each person has the potential to win in his own way. 2) The meanings of ―winner‖ and ―loser‖ (para. 2) A winner is one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy and responsive. A loser is one who fails to respond genuinely. 3) Few people are winners and losers all the time. (para 3) 4) Winners (para. 4-7) Characteristics of a winner: a. A winner is genuine. b. A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. c. A winner is flexible. d. A winner has a love for life. e. A winner cares about the world and its people. 5) Loses (para. 8-10) Possible causes: Poor nutrition, cruelty, unhappy relationships, disease, continuing disappointments, and inadequate physical care. Characteristics of a loser: a. A loser lacks an ability to appropriately express himself through a full range of possible behavior. b. A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1) c 2) D 3)A 4)B 5) C V ocabulary 1) appreciate a. be thankful o grateful for 感激b. recognize and enjoy the good qualities or worth of 欣赏,赏识2)capacity a. the amount that sth can hold or contain 容量,容积,容纳力3) channel a. n. a particular television station 频道b. v. direct sth towards a particular purpose 把….导向,引导,集中4) contribute a. join with others in giving 捐献,捐赠,贡献出b. help in causing a situation, event, or condition有助于,促成5). Flexible a. that can bend or be bent easily有弹性,柔韧的b. that can change or be changed to be suitable for new needs灵活的,可变通的6). Guilt a. the fact of having broken a moral rule or official law 罪,罪行b. the feelings produced by knowledge or belief that one has done wrong 内疚,自责,悔恨7) potential a. adj. likely to develop into a particular type of person or thing in the future潜在的,可能的b. n. the inherent ability for growth and development潜力,潜能8) rigid a. stiff, not easy to bend硬的,不易弯曲的b. firm or fixed, difficult to change or unwilling to change严格的,刻板的2. achieve –achievement expect –expectation Depend—dependence limit—limitation/limit Cruel—cruelty unique—uniqueness Genuine—genuineness respond—response Aware—awareness disappoint—disappointment Capable—capability behave—behavior 1)expectation 2)limitations 3)capability 4)achievement 5)response 6)awareness 6)behavior 7)disappointment 9)cruelty 10)dependence 3. 1)entered into 2)channeled…into 3)holds/h eld back 4)unaware of 5)separates…from 6)referred to…as 7)lived up to 8)calls for 9)contributes to 10)see/saw…as Translation 1. Lack of confidence contributed to his failure. 2. She has shown great courage in the face of her serious illness. 3. We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth. 4. His secretary failed to tell him about the meeting. 5. Learning languages isn’t just a matter of memorizing words. 6. Once she has made her decision, no one can hold her back. 7. It’ll be difficult to live up to the standards set by our captain. 8. The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field. Part Four Writing and Translation 1. Failure is the mother of success. 2. Any man who is afraid of failure will/can never win. 3. Success means that you enjoy/love and are good at doing what you are doing now. 4. One who is eager to win will not necessarily win quickly. 5. A successful person doesn’t ask for things from others. On the contrary/Instead, he will ask himself: ―What can I leave to this world?‖ 6. A real winner is someone who makes the greatest contributions to the society, not the one who is the richest, or the most famous. Unit 4 Reading Comprehension 1. Understanding the Organization of the Text 1) Introduction (para. 1-2) The term placebo is introduced: when it is prescribed and what it is. 2) The study of the placebo (para. 3-7) a. One explanation: The placebo works because the human mind fools itself. b. The other explanation: The placebo makes the wish to get better become reality. c. The most powerful placebo of all: the doctor. Supporting evidence: First group (led by a doctor): 70 percent of the people get better. Second group (led by a nurse): only 25 percent of the people get better. 3) Different cases in which a placebo may work (para. 8-9) The placebo has been found to work with seasickness, coughs, colds, and pain after an operation. An experiment was done to see if it works with old people: The first group were given nothing at all. Result: The first group showed no changes from the way old people in that village had always been. The second group was given a placebo. Result: The second group had much netter health and a lower death rate. The third group were given a real drug which was intended to help with the problems of old age. Result: The third group showed much the same results as the group that took the placebo. 4). Two opposite attitudes towards the use of a placebo (para. 10-11) Some doctors think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. Other countries are known to have been using placebos for hundreds of years. 5) Conclusion (para. 12) It is suggested that the human mind is stronger than we think it is. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1). Yes 2)No 3)Maybe 4)yes 5)yes 6)no 7)yes 8)Maybe V ocabulary 1. 1)A. a substance used for treating illness, especially a liquid you drink b.the treatment and study of illnesses and injuries 2) a. an act of firing a gun b. an injection of a drug 3) a. the part of a spacecraft in which astronauts live and work b. a plastic container shaped like a very small tube with medicine inside. 4) a. become whole and sound, return to health b. cause to become mentally or emotionally strong again after a bad experience. 5) a. a particular way of behaving towards someone or of dealing with them. b. a method that is intended to cure an injury or illness. 6) a. the process of cutting into someone’s body to repair or remove a part that is damaged. b. the process of making a machine or system work 7) a. a person or their particular problem that a doctor is dealing with b. a situation that exists, especially as it affects a particular person or group 8) a. make someone think that a particular thing is true; indicate b. tell someone your ideas about what they should do, where they should go, etc. 2. 1)a 2)e 3)f 4)d 5)g 6)h 7)c 8)b Translation 1. All I can say is that we are extremely sorry. 2. In many cases regulations alone will not work. 3. He is highly likely to succeed because of his intelligence and diligence. 4. She stared at me as if I were a stranger. 5. It is reported that three people were injured in the traffic accident yesterday. 6. I feel angry at the way he (has) treated me. 7. The patient is much the same this morning as he was yesterday. 8. I’d like to stay (at) home this evening rather than go out. Unit 5 Reading Comprehension Understanding the Organization of the Passage I. Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings. (para 1) II. Dreaming and sleeping (Para. 2-3) i) When does dreaming occur? When we are in REM sleep. ii) What are the main purposes of sleeping? To give us rest and to allow us to dream. III. Possible causes of dreams (para. 4-6) i) Physiological Example: Sleeping with one’s feet too close to a he ater may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals. ii) Reflection of inner fears. Example: Worrying about losing one’s job may cause one to dream of losing one’s job. IV. Dream interpretation (para. 7-9) i) The earliest dream dictionary included symbols such as drinking wine to indicate a short life and drinking water to indicate a long life. ii) Artemidorus’ dictionary includes symbols such as right hand (father), left hand (mother) and dolphin (a good omen). iii) Most experts warm that dream interpretations should be treated with care. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1) T 2)T 3)T 4)T 5)F 6)T 7)T 8)T 9)F 10)F V ocabulary 1. 1)explanation 2)enthusiasts 3)frustrating 4)popularity 5)unconscious 6)electrical 7)movements 8)recognizable 9)interpretation 10)countless 2.Task A 1)asleep 2)sleepless 3)sleep 4)sleepy 5)asleep 6)slept 7)sleeping, sleep 8)sleeper Task B 1) submerged: (cause to) go below the surface of the sea, river or lake (使)淹没2) subculture: the behavior, practice, etc. associated with a group within a society亚文化3) submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water潜水艇4) subway: (BrE) a path for people to walk under a road or railway地下通道;(AmE) a railway that runs under the ground 地铁5) subzero: (of temperatures) below zero零度以下的6) subtropical: related to an area near to t tropical area, or typical of that area 副热带的,亚热带的7) subspecies: a subdivision of a species (物种的)亚种8) subnormal: below an average or expected standard, especially of intelligence低于正常的 3. 1)progressed 2)puzzled 3)process 4)reflected 5)predict 6)advances 7)symbol 8)ancient 9)error 10)conscious 11)analysis 12)inner Translation 1. You will see that what I am saying now will come true. 2. The lecture was so boring that half (of) the students feel asleep. 3. The problem of unemployment is tied up with the development of new technology. 4. His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him. 5. The castle dates back to the 14th century. 6. She has never done anything for them, whereas they have done everything they can for her. Part Four Writing and Translation 梦是心灵的谈话人类至今尚未开启通往梦的世界的大门。尽管我们很多人意识到做梦的价值,希望了解我们在梦中的活动,但大多数人在睡眠中仍觉得像进入梦幻世界一样。有些人认为梦中的生活跟醒着的生活一样真实,而且在积极寻找方法控制睡眠时的思维活动,然而很少有人会将清醒时发生的事情跟梦中发生的事情联系在一起。心理学家和心理玄学家在20世纪90年代普遍认为,我们的梦境包含着日常生活的内容。因此,学习记住并“挖掘”梦境是非常有用的。纵观历史,土著居民们曾特意集体漫游梦境以解决问题,并根据部落所梦见的未来生活设定方向。许多重要的科学发现就来源于梦境中发生事件。Unit 6 Country Taboo Reasons India Cow 1. cows help plow the fields 2. cow manure can be used as fertilizer 3. cow manure can be dried and burned to make a cooking fire The United States Dog 1. Dogs serve as companions for people 2. Dogs serve as protection against thieves Ancient Egypt and Israel Pork 1. Pork cooked insufficiently may spread disease 2. People did not want to stay in one place to raise pigs Understanding the Details 1) nutrition, religion, the ways of life of different people 2) butterflies, rats, termites 3) calories, protein 4) there is plenty of land for raising cattle and their meat can be shipped cheaply for long distance by railroads 5) they go wherever they want to in the streets; they can eat anything from the supplies of the foodsellers on the streets. V ocabulary 1. 1) common, 2)appropriate, 3) forbidden, 4) supplies,%) related 6) evidence, 7) requires, 8)raise, 9)spread, 10)sufficiently 2. 1)disgusting 2)habit, 3)insects, 4)reasonable,5)relatively, 6)animals, 7)harvested, 8)grow, 9)nearly,10) other, 11)altogether 12)consumed, 13)avoided, 14)popular, 15)offers, 16)served, 17)would, 18)enjoyed, 19)considered, 20)rejected G f b c h e I d a j Translation 1. We regard him as one of the best players in the game. 2. The scientist picked up those little pieces of rock and carefully put them into a box. 3. The population of China is almost five times as large as that of the Unite States. 4. The reason why grass is green was once a mystery to the little boy. 5. She was standing by the window, apparently quite calm and relaxed. 6. Profits have declined as a result of the recent drop in sales. 7. She put on dark glasses as a protection against the strong light. 8. He could no longer be trusted after that incident. Further development D, e, b, f, g, c, a Writing and Translation 1. What is unusual is the fact that many students don’t eat vegetables. 2. Students from the North like pasta, for example, noodles, and dumplings. 3. Students brought up near the sea ear seafood, while those from West China enjoyed beef and lamb. 4. What is worth mentioning is that some girls are on a diet to keep a slim figure. 5. Food likes and dislikes vary from one student to anther. 6. Some students are keen on meat of all kinds, while others prefer fruits and nuts. 7. In some families, parents do most of the cooking, while in others, grandparents will take on the responsibility. 8. Generally speaking, most of the students eat at school cafeterias, but some students from wealthy families have meals in restaurants. 9. It is very surprising that some students often eat at restaurants because students don’t usually earn money. 10. Cooking, traditionally undertaken by mothers, has been often taken over by fathers nowadays. Unit 7 Reading Comprehension 1. Understanding the Main idea of the Passage A. Topic Sentence (para. 1): It’s rather difficult for a foreigner to slip into a culture without all his foreignness exposed. B. Supporting evidence: 1. Parting customs in China (para. 1-7) i) One custom: The host and hostess should say to guests words and phrases that will smooth over the visitors’ leaving and make them feel they will be welcome to come again. The author’s problem: She constantly found herself tongue-tied. Her solution: At first she often hid behind her husband and then she gradually picked up the words and phrases. ii) Another custom: The host and hostess feel they must see a guest off to the farthest feasible point except those less important or younger visitors. A problem she met with a guest: She tried to discourage the host and hostess from seeing her off, but failed. Her conclusion: It’s better to accept the inevitable. 2. Chinese modesty vs. American straightforwardness (para. 8-12) i) At a party when complimented for cooking skills A Chinese host or hostess will appear to be modest and apologize for giving ―nothing‖ even slightly edible and for not showing enough honor by providing proper dishes. An American hostess is likely to say, ―Oh, I’m so glad that you liked it. I cooked it especially for you.‖ ii) When talking about their children Chinese parents will say that their children, even if at the top of their class in school, are always so ―naughty,‖ never studying, never listening to their elders, and so forth. American parents will straightforwardly speak proudly of their children’s achievements. iii) Hearing the word ―no‖ A Chinese will not take it the first time. An American will take it to mean ―no‖. C. Conclusion (para. 13) Life becomes much easier once you have studied up on cultural differences. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1)T 2)T 3)F 4)F 5)F 6)T 7)T 8)T V ocabulary 1. save a. help someone by making it unnecessary for them to do sth unpleasant or inconvenient b. keep money so that you can use it later, especially when you gradually add more money over a period of time. 2. mission a. an important job that someone has been given to do especially when they are sent to another place. b. A group of important people who are sent by their government to another country to discuss sth or collect information. 3. do a. be suitable or acceptable b. cook 4. expose a. leave sth no longer covered or protected b. make known (sth secret), reveal 5. modesty a. behavior in which one avoids talking about one’s abilities, qualities, or possessions b. th e quality or state of being not large in size or amount, or not expensive 6. observe a. watch someone or sth carefully b. obey (a law, rule or custom) 7. flight a. a set of stairs between one floor and the next b. a journey in a plane or space vehicle 8. bow a. v bend your body over something, especially in order to see it more clearly b. n a knot of cloth or string with a curved part on either side, used especially for decoration 9. pick up a. life sth up from a surface b. learn sth by watching or listening to other people 10. take a. need or require b. understand or interpret in a particular way 2. 1) expose: reveal 2)abrupt: sudden 3)accomplish: achieve 4) surpass: exceed 5) feasible: workable 6)assure: convince 7) discourage: dissuade 8) inevitable: unavoidable 9)farewell: goodbye 10) caution: warning 11)compliment: praise 12)honor: respect 13) proposal: suggestion 14) modify: change 15)frustration: disappointment 3. 1) with 2)arranged 3)majority 4)proportion/percentage 5)similar 6)reaches 7)including 8)backgroup 9)parents 10)if/whether 11)who 12)both 13)meetings 14)families 15)dating 16)before 17)decision 18)parents 19)marriage 20)rate Translation 1. If you sing the song several times, you children will (begin to) pick up the words. 2. We tried to assure the nervous old man that flying/air travel was safe. 3. An inadequate supply of vitamin A may lead to night blindness. 4. I can use a computer, but when it comes to computer repairing, I know nothing about it. 5. Many a mother tries to have her dreams realized by her daughter. 6. The bad weather discouraged people from attending the parade. 7. I gave him some pills to ease his pain. 8. The job involves traveling/working abroad three months each year. Part Four 1. 有事者事竟成。2. 乱七八糟3. 鸟以群分,物以类 聚。4. 水火不容5. 有其父必有其子6. 眼不见,心不烦7. 没有不散的宴席8. 英雄所见略同9. 厨师多坏一锅汤10. 病从口入,祸从口出 Unit 8 Reading Comprehension 1. Understanding the Organization of the Text 1). Introduction (para. 1-5): We are people consumed by financial stress. 2). Worrying about money won’t di us any goo d. (para. 6-11) Some unusual persons live free from financial stress. A. Thomas Edison’s attitude toward money: Money is a raw material to be used rather than amassed. B. John Wesley’s philosophy about money: ―Earn all you can, save all you can, give all y ou can.‖ 3) Money might be the root of all evil if we value it too much. (para. 12-15) For example: he couple in ―Elias‖ lived a simple and happy life when they became poor. 4). Conclusion (para. 16-17) It’s no use panicking and there are two alternative attitudes towards financial stress. A. Facing financial stress, we can panic, hoard and worry. B. We can calm ourselves down, for money is merely a raw material to be plowed back into something else. Understanding Specific Information What is a ―fact‖? A fa ct is an objective statement that can be verified or shown to be true. A fact is something that can be observed, it is not influenced by emotion or personal prejudice. What is an ―opinion‖? An opinion is a subjective statement that indicates a personal point of view: A personal point of view cannot exist without the subject who holds that opinion. AN opinion is based on a personal conclusion or judgment. It may appear to be true, but it is open to debate since it cannot be verified in an objective way. 1) F 2)F 3)F 4)O 5)O 6)F 7)O 8)O V ocabulary Practice 1. 1)at the top 2)cut back on 3)free from 4)all but 5)in light of 6)do us/her any good 7)keep up 8)rather than 9)adds…to 10)pointed out 11)plowed back into 12)has much to do with 2. Stock A. a supply of something for use or sale存货,库存货B. money lent to a government at a fixed rate of interest公债,证券Order A. (a person in authority) tell someone to do something 命令B. Ask for (something) to be made, supplied or delivered, especially in a restaurant or shop定制,定购Consume A. if you are consumed with a feeling, you feel it very strongly and cannot forget it 为(某种思想/情感)所折磨B. use time, energy, goods, etc.消费Breed A. v. keep (animals or plants) for the purpose of producing young animals or plants繁殖,培植B. n, a particular type of animal or plant品种Raw A. inexperienced 不熟练的,无经验的B. in the natural state, not yet treated for use未经加工的Stress A. extra force used in speaking, a particular word or syllable 重读,重音B. continuous feelings of worry about your work or personal life, which prevent you from relaxing持续的压力;忧虑,紧张Philosophy A. the study of the nature and meaning of existence, truth, good and evil, etc.哲学B. set of beliefs or an outlook on life that is a guiding principle for behavior生活的信念或原则Recall A. bring (something/someone) back into the mind回忆B. order someone to return (from a place)召回 Net A. adj. remaining when nothing more is to be taken away净的B. n. something that is made of threads woven across each other with regular spaces between them.网Put A. write写B. convey one’s ideas传递思想Confirm A. check that a possible arrangement is now definite确认B. show that something is definitely true证实Spin A. (make something) turn round and round extremely quickly(使…)旋转 B. Make cotton, wool, etc. into thread by twisting纺纱,防线Translation 1. I feel I should point out how dangerous it is. 2. Their opinion will not affect my decision. 3. When it comes to modern art, few people know more than Tom does. 4. When asked, she confirmed that she was going to retire. 5. The cough medicine tastes nice, but it doesn’t do me much good. 6. If we can’t sell more goods, we’ll have to cut back on the production. 7. The film is all but three hours long. 8. I assure you that it is true, least anyone (should)think my story strange. PART FOUR WRITING AND TRANSLATION Translation Practice 1. 金钱万能2. 钱烧口袋漏,一有就不留 3. 有钱能使鬼推磨 4. 愚人不积财 5. 省钱就是赚钱 6. 积少成多,集腋成裘./小事谨慎,大事自成7. 勒紧裤腰带8. 挥金如土 9. 花大价钱10. 收支相抵11. 精打细算12. 亏空Unit 9 Reading Comprehension Identifying the Main Ideas of the Second Part (Pra. 8-9) 1) personal sources 2) media 3) (relatively low influence from) parents and peers 4) (more from) friends and (less from) parents Understanding Specific Information 1)F 2)T 3)F 4)T 5)T 6)T 7)F 8)T V ocabulary 1. 1)b 2)a 3)a 4)a 5)b 6)b 7)b 8)a 2. 1)survey 2)consideration 3)perceive 4)tend 5)campaign 6)relatively 7)primary 8)criteria 3. 1. A. bands B. brand Bands: small group of musicians who play music Brand: a particular trademark of goods 2. A. economy B. economics Economy: the wealth a country gets from business and industry Economics: the study of the way in which money, industry, and trade are organized in a society 3. A. adolescents B. adults Adolescent: person who are on longer children but who have not yet become adults Adults: person grown to full size and strength 4. A. campaign B. movement Campaign: a planned set of activities that people carry out over a period of time in order to achieve something such as social or political change. Movement: an organized effort by supporters of a common goal 5. A. contemporary B. modern Contemporary: happened at the same time as something else you are talking about. Modern: using the most recent ideas and methods 6. A. ripe B. mature Ripe: (of fruit or crops) fully developed; ready to be collected or eaten. Mature: behave in a sensible and reasonable way, as you would expect an adult to behave. Translation 1. All the arrangements should be completed prior to you departure. 2. Such behavior may result in the execute being fired/asked to leave. 3. Our products compete with those of other factories in terms of quality, reliability and above all, variety. 4. The team’s performance was greatly affected by the heavy rain. 5. I appreciate your reasons for objecting to the proposal. 6. To some extent, she should be responsible for the acciden t. 7. I’m uneasy at/deeply troubled by the thought that life is just too comfortable. 8. Women tend to live longer than men. PART FOUR WRITING AND TRANSLATION Translation Practice 1. Real bargains are beneficial to customers. Consumers are willing to bug products of (a) high quality at a low price. However, some bargains in some shops are poor in quality. Consumers will be cheated if they buy them. Therefore, one has to be careful in buying bargains. It may take him a lot of time to hunt for real bargains. In addition, what the purchasers should pay attention to is that they shouldn’t buy things they don’t thought they are bargains. Otherwise, they are just wasting money. 2. Shopping is closely related to media. A lot of the consumers buy products under the influence of advertisements. These ads provide people with all kinds of information about different items. No wonder manufacturers spend a lot of money to advertise their products through various media. Nowadays, Internet, as a new medium, is playing a more and more important role in shopping. It is faster, easier and more convenient. Shopping on the Net is likely here to stay. Unit 10 Post-Reading Reading Comprehension Understanding the Organization if the Text 1) Introduction (para.1) Peace of mind is an important aspect to staying healthy apart from exercise and nutrition. 2) A two-way connection between mind and body. (para. 2-6) A. The relationship between negative emotions and health: Negative emotions can encourage poor health. i. Supporting evidence: The study involving newlywed couples. ii. Reasons: Negative emotions can cause the production of substances that damage or weaken our immune cells and can cause our bodies to produce fewer immunotransmitters. B. The relationship between positive emotions and health: Positive emotions can be valuable in fighting diseases. i. Supporting evidence: Cancer patients can live longer by employing certain mind-body techniques; patients with chronic pain visited their doctors less frequently by using relaxation therapies and other behavior techniques to manage discomfort. ii. Reasons: Relaxation decreases blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration and increases one’s sense of well-being. 3) Mind-body techniques (para. 7-9) i. Writing about negative, unpleasant events. ii. Talking about a stressful experience with a friend. iii. Asking for support from family, friends, co-workers, etc. iv. Belly breathing; v. Taking a slow walk; vi. Dancing. 4). Conclusion (para. 10) To keep healthy, you must combine mind-body techniques with other methods like exercise, good nutrition and proper medical care. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1)T 2)F 3)T 4)T 5)F 6)T 7)T 8)T V ocabulary 1. 1)document A. n. a paper that provides information, especially of an official kind B. v. write about something, film it, or take photographs of it, in order to record information about it. 2)distance A. n. the amount of space between two points or places B. v. separate (especially oneself), especially in the mind or feelings 3) reverse A. n. the opposite; the other way round B. v. change to the opposite trend 4) function A. n. the purpose of a person or thing功能B. v. work; operate 5)chemical A. adj. of, connected with, used in, or made by chemistry化学的B. n. a substance which is an element or a combination of elements 化学物质6) key A. adj. very important or essential B. n. something that provides access, control or understanding 关键2.1)A 2)B 3)B 4)A 5)B 6)A 7)B 8)B 9)B 10)B 11)A 12)B 1). A. continue in a certain state B. remain or continue in the same place; not depart or change 2). A. the body organ that pumps blood through the body B. the central, innermost or most important part of something 3). A. have as a necessary part or result B. include or affect (someone/something) in its operation 4). A. help to grow or develop B. make (someone) feel brave enough or confident enough to do something, especially by giving active approval 5). A. give work to somebody, usually for payment B. (formal) make use of 6). A. person’s way of looking at life, etc., mental attitude B. what seems likely to happen; future prospects 7). A. one after the other B. as a result of something 8). A. feeling that one would like to sleep or rest B. having lost interest or patience 9). A. without any companions B. (following a noun or pronoun) only; exclusively 10). A. a set of instructions for preparing a particular kink of food (某种食物的)烹饪法B. (used in the expression “be a recipe for”) be likely to cause a particular result 11) A. in spite of that; nevertheless B. in a greater amount or degree, even 12). A. any of the foods that are combined to make a particular dish B. a quality or qualities you need to achieve something. 3. 1) fit Healthy and fit both indicate that a person is physically strong and rarely suffers from any physical illness. Healthy also refers to conditions which are good for somebody’s health, or the outward signs of somebody hav ing good health. Fit suggests that someone is in good physical condition particularly as a result of taking regular exercise. 2). Technology Technique: [C] a specific way of doing something, usually involving some skill技术Technology:[U] the general use of scientific knowledge for practical purpose 科技3). Efficient Efficient: working well, quickly, and without waste Effective: producing the desired result 4) Chance Chance: possibility; (degree of) likelihood that something will happen, especially something desirable Risk: danger, possibility that something harmful or undesirable may happen 5) aspect aspect: a particular side of a many-sided situation, idea, plan, etc. respect: a detail, a particular point 6). Anxious Stressed: feeling of tension and anxiety resulting from pressure caused by the problems of living, too much work, etc. Anxious: nervous or worried about something, for example that something bad might happen 7) decreasing Reduce: vt. make less in size, amount, price, degree, etc. Decrease: v. (cause to) become less in size, amount, strength, or quality 8) depend on Depend on: vary according to, be decided by Rely on: trust (especially that something will happen or someone will do something), have confidence in Translation 1. We can go to the seven o’clock performance or the eight—whichever suits you best. 2. Men are generally supposed to be strong, but most women know that the reverse is often true. 3. He was released from prison after serving two years of a five-year sentence. 4. You look equally nice in both dress –I don’t know which one to advise you to buy. 5. This candidate has an impressively diverse range of interests and experience. 6. The child suddenly let go of her hand and ran across the street. 7. The result of the competition will depend largely on the opinions of the judges. 8. I’m tired of you telling me what to do all the time. PART FOUR WRITING AND TRANSLATION Translation Practice 我们偶尔会感到伤心,愤怒,恐惧以及沮丧.这些情感会藏在心里,并继续在我们内心起作用。这些没有得以达的情感最终会表现出来。比如伤心,可以有眼泪来表示,无论是流出来了还是没有流出来,眼泪依然存在。我们的伤心没有得以表达时,眼泪流在体内,身体就会膨胀,实际上会使我们体重增加。愤怒,沮丧的情感受压抑的话,则会导致暴力行为,正如恐惧和抑郁会导致自我封闭甚至自杀。埋藏在心里的仇恨往往会使人的内心愤怒,从而成疾。我们的情感直接影响我们的身体健康。我们可以控制自己的思维,我们可以享受身心健康。这个过程从概念上来讲很简单,而且也是有可能的,前提是我们要遵循那些幸运的规律。