高中英语语法主谓一致

高中英语语法主谓一致 高中英语语法-主谓一致 在英语中，要特别注意句子中的谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。我们称之为“主谓一致”。 eg. I am a student and my mother is a teacher. I go to school and my mother goes to work every day. 主语是第一人称“I ”时，动词用am, go. 主语是第三人称“she/my mother”时，动词要用is, goes. 1 并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致关系 A 由and连接两个名词或代词作主语时 (A and B) 可分为下列四种情况: a A,B 示不同的人，物或概念时 两个词所表示的是不同的人，不同的事物或不同的概念时，谓语动词要用复数形式。 eg .Li Ming and Zhuang Hua are good students. Both the parents and the children are here. (both A and B 作主语时，谓语动词用复数) Listening, Speaking, Reading and writing are all important. b A,B 表示同一个人，物或概念时 两个词表示的是同一个人，同一件事或同一个概念是，谓语动词要用单数形式。 eg. A journalist and author lives in the sixth flat. The turner and fitter is under twenty-five . (同一个人只能用一个冠词，如果是不同的两个人就要用两个冠词。) 但是当作句子主语的两个名词具有对立的意思时，主语前用一个冠词不会使人发生误解。 eg. A boy and girl are playing tennis. c A,B 之前有each, every, many a, no 等修饰语时 当and 连接几个单数主语，主语由each, every, no, many a 等词修饰时，谓语动词要用单数。 eg. Each boy and each girl is invited. Every boy and girl is there now. No boy and no girl is there now. Many a boy and many a girl has been invited. d A,B 为两个不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数 eg. A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. Bread and butter is nutritious. 表示一个整体的“A and B” :law and rule fish and chips knife and fork a horse and carriage 补充: a great/good many +复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。 eg. A great /good many people were killed in this traffic accident. all+不可数名词 ———— 谓语动词用单数 all+可数名词复数———— 谓语动词用复数 eg . All whiskey is expensive for me. All birds have wings, but not all birds can fly. B 由or; not noly…..but also…., either….or, neither….nor 连接主语时 A or B Either A or B 谓语的人称和数与最靠近的主语一致 Neither A nor B (在叙述句中与B保持一致，在疑问句中与A一致) Not only A but also B eg. Either you or I am mad. Neither you nor he is naught. Not only the old farmer but also his family were friendly to me. C 当主语后跟有with 等词时 当主语后跟有with, along with, together with, besides, except, like, including, as well as rather than，but 等词时 with except along with like A+ together wither including + B + 谓语动词 besides as well as but rather than 谓语动词不受词组的影响，仅和第一个主语A保持一致。 eg. All but one were here just now. A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift. She as well as the other girls is going to another supermarket. The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible. A peasant, together with some soldiers is about to help us. 2 单一主语的情况 A 以复数形式结尾的名词作主语时和谓语的一致关系 a 有些表示科学名称的词如physics, maths, economics, news, politics, athletics,gymnastics等一般被认为形式是复数，意思是单数的词，它们作主语时谓语动词 一般用单数形式。 eg. Physics is very important . The television news is at 7 o’clock in the evening every day. b means, works, crossroads等谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用复数。 eg. This works was built in 1982. The steel works have /has closed down. This means of transport has been tried. All possible means have been tired. B 动名词，不定式，从句做主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数 eg. To see is to believe. Swimming is a good way to keep health. Who is her father is not know. 注:当what从句是具有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词也可用复数。 eg. What I say and think is/are about his feture. C 集体名词作主语时 a mankind / humanity / man 作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 eg. Only man kows how to cook. b 由people , police, cattle, youth, 等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 eg. The cattle are grazing in the field. The youth of our country are happier than the other people. c family, crowd, class, public, enemy, group, army, team等集体名词作主语时 1 若它们所表示的人或事物被当作整体来看，谓语动词用单数形式。 eg. Our class is very diligent . 2 若它们表示的人或事物被当作若干个个体来看时，谓语动词用复数形式。 eg. When I came into the room, his family were watching TV. 3 当a family/ group/ class 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Families / groups / classes 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 eg. A group is coming to the zoo. 4 其它情况 a 主语表示距离，时间，长度，价值，金额，重量等复数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。数词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。 eg. Two kilometers is not very far. Three times makes nine. Five dollars seems a fair price. Two hours is enough. b one One Every one Each one + of +复数名词(谓语动词一般用单数形式) Each anyone 注:of 后面的复数名词不是主语而是介词of 的宾语，而of 前面的one, every one 等才是主语。 eg. Each of them has a slide.( 强调的是个体而不是集体) c neither, (either,none) of…… neither either + of + 不可数名词(谓语动词用单数形式) none neither either + of + 可数名词复数(谓语动词可用单/复数两种形式) none eg. None of that money in the desk is his. None of his classmates knows/know the truth. Neither of them is/are right. Either of them is right. None of the boys here like dancing. d 分数，百分数+of + 词组 分数/百分数+ of+ 词组 作主语是，谓语动词的复数取决于of 后的名词或代词的数。若名词或代词为复数，谓语动词用复数;若其为单数。则谓语动词用单数。 分数/百分数+ of+ 词组(不可数名词或是单数名词)-------谓语动词用单数形式 分数/百分数+ of+ 词组(复数名词)----------谓语动词用复数形式 eg. Three—fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. Two-thirds of the youth support the plan. Tens of tons of waste goes into the air with the smoke every day. e more than…. More than one (单数名词)+单数动词 More than two(复数名词)+复数动词 eg. More than one white rose has bloomed. More than two white roses have bloomed. f number of …. a ( great) number of + 复数名词------谓语动词用复数 可数名词单数 the number of + ------谓语动词用单数 不可数名词 eg. A great number of tourists have been to the Great wall. A number of tress are green in April. The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten. 注:a number of = many 一些 the number of …..的数目 g the + 形容词 the + 形容词，表示一类人-----谓语动词用复数 the + 形容词，表示一类物------谓语动词用单数 eg. The rich people are for the decision but the poor people are against it. The beauty is hers. The young are always full of vitality. h 由every, any, some, no构成的复合词 everyone , everybody, everything anyone, anybody, anything someone, somebody, something 这些复合词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 no one , nobody, nothing eg. Everyone in the class was surprised at the news. Listen ,someone is knocking at the door. Is anyone there? i 由there和here 引起的句子，主语是两个以上是，谓语动词一般和领近的那个主语一致。 eg. There is a book and two pens here. Here are some gifts for you.