信用证开户行的选择问题

信用证开户行的选择问题 谨慎选择开证行 信用证结算既然是开证行对受益人的一种面的付款承诺， 若受益人能够做到相符交单，开证行就必须按照信用证的条款承付并且付款，那么由谁来做出这个承诺，做出这个承诺的银行是否值得受益人信任，开出信用证的银行的资信到底如何就非常的重要。可以说开证行的信誉好不好是决定信用证结算对受益人来说是否安全的最根本的因素。 因此对于出口商来说，信用证的开证银行是哪家银行，这家银行是否能够接受非常重要。信誉卓著的银行，开立违反《跟单信用证统一惯例》的信用证很小，在单据操作过程中违反银行间信用证操作惯例的可能性也很小，跟开证申请人勾结在一起诈骗受益人的可能性更小，这样受益人的合法权益才相对得到更多的保障。 下面这则案例是某公司在出口业务中忽视了对开证行的审核，从而造成了货款两空的惨痛结果。 案例: D公司是一家生产高档陶瓷艺术品的公司，在国内市场已经颇有些美誉和市场占有率。在一次国际性的陶瓷艺thereby promoting the "two" study and education effectively carried out. Third classified guidance. I study and education, party members and cadres, has a silver lining. Reality, highlighted guidance to prevent the "flood irrigation" and prevent "cookie", according to the actual situation of various levels, members of different positions, find the right characteristics, put forward specific measures. First, to materialize. Units according to the educational plan, formulate their specific implementation The case, detailed implementation measures, the Central, provincial, municipal and local party committees for study and education requirements of principle into action, to implement specific measures. Second, to be precise. Differential treatment in education, precision application strategy, so that every party member education, improve, ask the people really feel the change of party members. Third, differences. Should reflect the differences, characteristics, both closely linked to the theme, and closer to the reality, make learning educational vitality and effectiveness. Four to catch daily. "Two" study and education activities is not a, and is mainly used to daily education, education, promote the construction of party's ideological and political normalization and institutionalization, adhere to the catch in the daily, is often central to "two" learn the basic orientation of education. We must maintain perseverance, tenacity and perseverance, continued promoting learning education. With the party branch as the basic unit, and give full play to the role of party branches and party branches to shoulder the main responsibility for, fully arouse the enthusiasm of party members involved in the education, ensuring that the organization is in place, measures are 术品展览会上，一家来自美国的公司对D公司的展品非常感兴趣并订购了一批设计独特的陶瓷艺术品。双方约定了价格、数量、交货期等交易条件，并商定采用不可撤销的即期跟单信用证结算方式。此后约两个星期，D公司就收到了来自美国的信用证。该信用证条款非常简单，单据条款仅要求受益人提交商业发票、海运提单、装箱单和保险单据，没有任何对受益人不利的条款。 D公司将货物出运之后，立即将全套单据提交到信用证指定的交单行。交单行审核单据之后指出;交单行认为单据不存在不符点，将立即将单据寄往开证行;但是开证行是某个没有名的财务公司，可能会有一些收款风险。 整套信用证项下寄达开证行后，该开证行并没有在5个工作日内对受益人承付。受益人请交单行向开证行催款，结果该开证行回复说:整套单据已经放给了开证申请人去提取货物，开证申请人还没有授权开证行付款，一旦收到开证申请人的同意付款的授权，该开证行将立即向受益人付款。 为此交单行和受益人都非常吃惊，看来开证行没有遵守跟单信用证统一惯例，而且将来也不打算准备遵守。在和开证行进一步的交涉中，交单行发现开证行似乎根本就不知道信用证和信用证操作的基本知识，受益人通过交单行抗议开 he enthusiasm of party members involved in the education, ensuring that the organization is in place, measures areouse tc unit, and give full play to the role of party branches and party branches to shoulder the main responsibility for, fully art maintain perseverance, tenacity and perseverance, continued promoting learning education. With the party branch as the basie musinstitutionalization, adhere to the catch in the daily, is often central to "two" learn the basic orientation of education. W is mainly used to daily education, education, promote the construction of party's ideological and political normalization and, and ity, make learning educational vitality and effectiveness. Four to catch daily. "Two" study and education activities is not ahird, differences. Should reflect the differences, characteristics, both closely linked to the theme, and closer to the realers. Tsion application strategy, so that every party member education, improve, ask the people really feel the change of party membs of principle into action, to implement specific measures. Second, to be precise. Differential treatment in education, preciementetailed implementation measures, the Central, provincial, municipal and local party committees for study and education requirmeasures. First, to materialize. Units according to the educational plan, formulate their specific implementation The case, d ecificing to the actual situation of various levels, members of different positions, find the right characteristics, put forward spand cadres, has a silver lining. Reality, highlighted guidance to prevent the "flood irrigation" and prevent "cookie", accordrty members thereby promoting the "two" study and education effectively carried out. Third classified guidance. I study and education, pa- 2 - 深圳市秦图技术有限公司 证行直接就把整套议付单据交给了开证申请人的做法也没有得到任何回应，这批货物就这样被骗走了。 案例分析: 由于历史的原因和中国银行业监管的现状，中国的各家银行基本上不会发生没有从事国际业务资质而违规从事国际业务，也极少发生银行串通公司或者个人从事诈骗的事情。但是在国外就不一定了，有些国家登记一家银行并不需要很多的资本金，登记一家银行就像登记一家公司一样方便，因为将银行视为就是一家从事金融业务的有限责任公司。 因此我国的受益人在和国外买方商谈信用证结算方式的时候，不仅要商谈信用证的各项具体条款，更要谈妥对开证行的要求。一定要选择信誉好的世界性的大银行作为信用证的开证行。 本案例中的开证行是一家名不见经传的小财务公司。财务公司开立信用证的情况并不多见，但是也不是不可以。 有些世界著名的财务公司也遵守ICC的跟单信用证统一惯例，对外开立信用证，并像银行一样严格遵守操作惯例。但是由于财务公司开立信用证确实少见，受益人难以把握开立信用 rouse the enthusiasm of party members involved in the education, ensuring that the organization is in place, measures arelly ae basic unit, and give full play to the role of party branches and party branches to shoulder the main responsibility for, fuWe must maintain perseverance, tenacity and perseverance, continued promoting learning education. With the party branch as th ation.ion and institutionalization, adhere to the catch in the daily, is often central to "two" learn the basic orientation of educa, and is mainly used to daily education, education, promote the construction of party's ideological and political normalizats not embers and cadres, has a silver lining. Reality, highlighted guidance to prevent the "flood irrigation" and prevent "cookie",he reality, make learning educational vitality and effectiveness. Four to catch daily. "Two" study and education activities ibers. Third, differences. Should reflect the differences, characteristics, both closely linked to the theme, and closer to tty mem, precision application strategy, so that every party member education, improve, ask the people really feel the change of parirements of principle into action, to implement specific measures. Second, to be precise. Differential treatment in educationrequ case, detailed implementation measures, the Central, provincial, municipal and local party committees for study and education rty mpecific measures. First, to materialize. Units according to the educational plan, formulate their specific implementation Theard saccording to the actual situation of various levels, members of different positions, find the right characteristics, put forw thereby promoting the "two" study and education effectively carried out. Third classified guidance. I study and education, pa- 3 - 2016-8-19 商业秘密Commercial secrets 证的财务公司的资信情况，因此建议受益人不要接受财务公司开立的信用证。 本案例中的美国进口商和该财务公司有可能事先就有勾结，也可能没有勾结仅是进口商利用了该财务公司对信用证结算的无知，但是不管怎样，信用证的开证行的资信差是本诈骗案发生的重要原因。 反诈骗的: 第一、反信用证诈骗的最重要的方法就是谨慎选择开证行。当然，若有可能的话，和信用证操作相关的保兑行、议付行也要选择信誉卓著的银行。因此如何鉴别银行成了受益人需要考虑的重要问题。 银行的信誉如何，首先和银行的资金规模有一定的关系。一般情况下，资金规模越大的银行越不屑于在正常的小金额的进出口贸易结算中实施违规行为。因此按照一般规律，如果选择全球排名在500名以内的银行作为开证行，对受益人来说将会是比较安全的。 第二、我们可以参考标准普尔或者穆迪对银行的评级。以标准普尔指数为例，如果一家银行的标准普尔等级是AA+，那就意味着这家银行的信用很好，运营非常稳定。如果一家银行的信用等级是BBB-，那就意味着这家银行处于“垃圾 he enthusiasm of party members involved in the education, ensuring that the organization is in place, measures areouse tc unit, and give full play to the role of party branches and party branches to shoulder the main responsibility for, fully art maintain perseverance, tenacity and perseverance, continued promoting learning education. With the party branch as the basie musinstitutionalization, adhere to the catch in the daily, is often central to "two" learn the basic orientation of education. W is mainly used to daily education, education, promote the construction of party's ideological and political normalization and, and ity, make learning educational vitality and effectiveness. Four to catch daily. "Two" study and education activities is not ahird, differences. Should reflect the differences, characteristics, both closely linked to the theme, and closer to the realers. Tsion application strategy, so that every party member education, improve, ask the people really feel the change of party membs of principle into action, to implement specific measures. Second, to be precise. Differential treatment in education, preciementetailed implementation measures, the Central, provincial, municipal and local party committees for study and education requirmeasures. First, to materialize. Units according to the educational plan, formulate their specific implementation The case, d ecificing to the actual situation of various levels, members of different positions, find the right characteristics, put forward spand cadres, has a silver lining. Reality, highlighted guidance to prevent the "flood irrigation" and prevent "cookie", accordrty members thereby promoting the "two" study and education effectively carried out. Third classified guidance. I study and education, pa- 4 - 深圳市秦图技术有限公司 级”，接受该银行开出的信用证存在一定的风险。当然对于一般的进出口从业人员，不会对银行的信用等级体系非常熟悉，我们就此咨询自己的银行。凡是从事国际贸易结算的银行都可以很容易地查到各家银行的评级情况。 第三、我们需要考虑开证行所在的国家风险。就像德意志银行在欧洲的信誉非常好，但是德意志银行在非洲的分支机构开出来的信用证的风险依然比较大，仅是好于非洲本土的银行的可信度。举个例子，好比纽约的花旗银行是一家美国银行这是毫无疑义的;而在越南河内的花旗银行的各种经营活动则需要遵守越南的各项法律，因此在河内的花旗银行只能视之为一家越南的银行，它在处理信用证业务的时候，并不会和越南的其他银行有太大的差别。当然按照信用证的结算原则，一家银行的海外分支机构本来就视为另一家银行。这是因为若某银行的海外分支机构若被视为是一家银行的话，若某银行的总行开立了一份信用证，其海外的分支机构可能并不知道这份信用证的存在，但是其海外分支机构却要承担开证行的责任，这对其海外分支机构来说是不公平的。因此信用证结算的惯例中，将银行的海外分支机构视为另一家银行。 第四、当我们在实际业务中实在无法做到选择信誉好的银行作为开证行的话，我们可以要求由信誉好的银行保兑该 rouse the enthusiasm of party members involved in the education, ensuring that the organization is in place, measures arelly ae basic unit, and give full play to the role of party branches and party branches to shoulder the main responsibility for, fuWe must maintain perseverance, tenacity and perseverance, continued promoting learning education. With the party branch as th ation.ion and institutionalization, adhere to the catch in the daily, is often central to "two" learn the basic orientation of educa, and is mainly used to daily education, education, promote the construction of party's ideological and political normalizats not rty mhe reality, make learning educational vitality and effectiveness. Four to catch daily. "Two" study and education activities ibers. Third, differences. Should reflect the differences, characteristics, both closely linked to the theme, and closer to tty mem, precision application strategy, so that every party member education, improve, ask the people really feel the change of parirements of principle into action, to implement specific measures. Second, to be precise. Differential treatment in educationrequ case, detailed implementation measures, the Central, provincial, municipal and local party committees for study and education thereby promoting the "two" study and education effectively carried out. Third classified guidance. I study and education, papecific measures. First, to materialize. Units according to the educational plan, formulate their specific implementation Theard saccording to the actual situation of various levels, members of different positions, find the right characteristics, put forw embers and cadres, has a silver lining. Reality, highlighted guidance to prevent the "flood irrigation" and prevent "cookie",- 5 - 2016-8-19 商业秘密Commercial secrets 信用证。因为按照跟单信用证的统一惯例，若受益人做到了相符交单，保兑行就必须承担和开证行一样的第一性的付款责任，对受益人按照信用证的具体条款承付、付款或者到期付款。 第五、若出口商实在无法接受信用证的开证行和保兑行，那么就需要考虑改变结算方式。对于出口商来说，货款落袋为安，出口商可以考虑要求对方预付货款。进口商预付货款的金额占整个货款的比重越高，出口商就越安全。 第六、对方不愿意采取对出口商来说比信用证更为有利的结算方式，出口商可以考虑购买出口信用险。当然这个方法并不是反诈骗的方法，只是规避一定的收款风险的方法。 第七、对出口商来说，要充分考虑到2008年全球性的金融危机发生之后，不少银行受到冲击，即使是一些以前很著名的欧美大银行也受到了很严重的打击。因此出口商在采用信用证结算方式时，一定要注意这些新情况，谨慎选择开证行，切切不可教条主义 he enthusiasm of party members involved in the education, ensuring that the organization is in place, measures areouse tc unit, and give full play to the role of party branches and party branches to shoulder the main responsibility for, fully art maintain perseverance, tenacity and perseverance, continued promoting learning education. With the party branch as the basie musinstitutionalization, adhere to the catch in the daily, is often central to "two" learn the basic orientation of education. W is mainly used to daily education, education, promote the construction of party's ideological and political normalization and, and ity, make learning educational vitality and effectiveness. Four to catch daily. "Two" study and education activities is not ahird, differences. Should reflect the differences, characteristics, both closely linked to the theme, and closer to the realers. Tsion application strategy, so that every party member education, improve, ask the people really feel the change of party membs of principle into action, to implement specific measures. Second, to be precise. Differential treatment in education, preciementetailed implementation measures, the Central, provincial, municipal and local party committees for study and education requirmeasures. First, to materialize. Units according to the educational plan, formulate their specific implementation The case, d ecificing to the actual situation of various levels, members of different positions, find the right characteristics, put forward spand cadres, has a silver lining. Reality, highlighted guidance to prevent the "flood irrigation" and prevent "cookie", accordrty members thereby promoting the "two" study and education effectively carried out. Third classified guidance. I study and education, pa- 6 -