大学生的手机依赖症-英文毕业论文

大学生的手机依赖症-英文毕业论文 Abstract With the development of science and technology, the communication between people is becoming more and more convenient especially regarding the convenience brought by the mobile phone. Mobile phone is one of the greatest inventions in the 20th century, which could have an enormous impact on the people’s life, especially that of the college students. Every coin has its both sides. Besides the convenience brought by it, the mobile phone is also affecting the college students’ life negatively, presenting a kind of disease—mobile phone addiction, to some extend. This thesis takes the Trade English majored students as the objects of the survey. By digging into the problem and finding out the causes, we could seek ways to cope with the challenge. Key words: mobile phone, addiction, dependence, college students The Mobile Phone Addiction of Trade English Majored Students in GDUT 1. Introduction As the communication tools and mobile network develop rapidly, with its portable and wireless Internet, the mobile phone becomes the main medium of the online communication and entertainment anywhere, as well as a necessary tool of people's lives, especially that of the college students. As the social interactive software such as Microblog and Wechat, has become part of the students’ lives, the degree of dependence on the mobile phone is increasing. According to a research, the degree of dependence on mobile phones among college students in our country increases at a rate of 16.8% a year, and some college students even suffer from mobile phone addiction with a syptom of focusing too much attention on the mobile phone, resulting in negative responses psychologically and physically if the mobile phone isn’t around. The situation of mobile phone addiction could be caused by both of the external and internal factors. For the sake of the students’ psychological and physical health, the countermeasures toward the mobile phone addiction must be found. In this thesis,the “simulacrum theory”and supports from psychological study have been applied. Jean Baudrillard has built his whole post-1970s theory of media effects and culture around his own notion of the simulacrum. He has set up a coordinate system for postmodern culture, and he examines the historical pedigree of "simulation", and then put forward the theory of "The Three Orders of Simulacra”—in such order, the first stage is Counterfeit, the second is Production, and the third is Simulation. He argues that in the third stage, called “simulation”, in a postmodern culture dominated by TV, films, news media, and the Internet, the whole idea of a true or a false copy of something has been destroyed: all we have now are simulations of reality, which aren't any more or less "real" than the reality they simulate. In our culture, claims Baudrillard, we take "maps" of reality like television, film, etc. as more real than our actual lives - these "simulacra" (hyperreal copies) precede our lives. We communicate by e-mail, and relate to video game characters better than our own friends and family. We have entered an era where third-order simulacra dominates our lives where the image has lost any connection to real things. Supports from psychology study for research have begun since the 1960s, originating from the background where people are living with the stress on physical and mental health, including the following supports from psychology study: emotion support, approach support, intelligence support, evaluation support. y the research method of designed questionnaires and structured interviews, B there are 200 respondents, including 180 girls and 20 boys regarding the gender, 50 students from each grade—freshman, sophomore, junior and senior when regarding the grades. According to the research, recently all the Trade English majored students have mobile phones of their own, and some students even have more than a mobile phone. In the meantime, in college students' life, the mobile phone is much more than playing the role of communication tools, for some respondents said they use mobile phones to play QQ, MSN, Wechat and Microblog; some students would use mobile phones to play games; some students said they use their phones to practice their English listening comprehension; some students even take the mobile phone as a work tool—to communicate with the foreign trade customers. This series of data shows that the students’ life is closely related with mobile phones. Thus the modern mobile phone is not only acting as a communication tool, but also existing as an important platform for the college students to have entertainments, to study and to work. 2. The Symptoms of Mobile Phone Addiction Most of the students are suffering from mobile phone addiction, and some are even suffering from an addiction of high degree. 2.1 The Mobile Phone Always Taken with Oneself According to Baudrillard, “In fact, we get nervous and edgy if we're away too long from our computers, our e-mail accounts and our cell phones”. The classroom or the dining hall, the playground or even the bathroom, wherever they go, they would always take a mobile phone with them. Even if they don't need to receive any text messages or phone calls, they always take a mobile phone with them, either for they get afraid of missing any text messages and phone calls or for they want to make full use of the mobile phone in between the seconds. 2.2 Over Use of the Mobile Phone The over use of mobile phones is manifested in that in daily life, the students rely dly on mobile phones for all kinds of recreational program, such as playing mobile ba games, listening to music, watching video and etc.. In terms of study, they depend on the mobile phone to check directly the information online and the answers to a plain question, sometimes without thinking. In addition, the mobile phones might be used untimely. In class and some formal occasions, the constant rings of the phone calls would be the most unwelcome guests. 3. The Impacts of Mobile Phone Addiction Each coin has its both sides. Along with the convenience brought by the mobile phones are the negative impacts on the students’ lives. Here, the “impacts” specifically refers to the negative effects. According to Baudrillard's theory: image prevents a person from having the image of the reality, because the image is kind of reality, which is beyond the reality, called “hyper-reality”. The traditional view of reality and concept of subject have encountered unprecedented challenges. In the contemporary society, tens of thousands of Internet users live in a frequent alternation between the real world and virtual world, and sometimes they get confused between the two worlds because the boundary is not so clear. 3.1 Impacts on the Interpersonal Relations Then, in respect of the interpersonal relations, the impacts stressed by the mobile phone which is a kind of modern media could be the followings. 3.1.1 Less Time Spent on the Face-to-face Communication As it was discussed above, people get confused in the alternation between the real life and the virtual life. This would happen as the mobile phone enter the people’s life. Because the mobile phone brings us convenience in communication, the text messages and the phone calls are our first choice, thus leading to less time spent on the face-to-face communication. In the message, we could only read between the lines; through a phone call, we could only hear the voice of each other, but could not see the face of each other, let alone the eye contacts. In addition, according to the survey, as most of the students are accustomed to text messages and phone calls, even in the face-to-face communication with classmates, most of them said they will look at their mobile phone in the spare few minutes, either to refresh the Microblog or to send “micro messages” in Wechat. As this situation has become a trend within the group, the time spent on face-to-face communication has been cut down. 3.1.2 More Virtual Activities, Less Real Life Activities The real world has been replaced by a lot of virtual symbols gradually. The virtual symbols include virtual time (real-time), virtual music (high fidelity), virtual thought (artificial intelligence), virtual language (digital language), and even virtual body-movement (online entertainment). As the mobile phone has created a virtual world, it is getting the college students immersed in. The mobile phone is capable of being equipped with various functions, and all kinds of mobile software has been updated at an astonishing speed. For the college students, the mobile games are becoming part of their lives. According to the relevant surveys, with regards to the impacts of mobile games, the boys are more likely to be affected than the girls, though some girls could still be affected. In addition to playing mobile games, listening to music, watching movies, or even practicing listening comprehension and the work of contacting foreign customers, the mobile phones have provided us with all channels. The mobile phone’ functions are growing powerfully, making us all immersed in the mobile phone’s functions, leading to more virtual activities, and thus the real life activities have been correspondingly reduced, which is a huge challenge to our traditional life. 3.2 Impacts on the Personal Aspects In respect of the personal relations, the impacts stressed by the mobile phone could be the followings. 3.2.1Physical Health Problem As we all know, the mobile phone signal is transmitting in the form of radio waves. The excessive exposure to the radio waves will do more harm than good to human body. Thus, as we have an over use of the mobile phone, the damage done by the radiation to the human body is in a long-term process, such as dizziness, insomnia, declines in memory and inattention. At its worst, the mobile phone’s radiation may affect the central nerve system of the human body, activating the protooncogene and then more likely leading to cancer. In addition, excessive reliance on mobile phones for all kinds of recreational activities, such as addiction to virtual games rather than taking part in the real life activities or sports, online shopping rather than walking shopping, to some extend, will lead to less movements of the human body, resulting in the obesity, and even a decline in physical function. 3.2.2Psychological Illness As the people have lived in a frequent alternation between the real world and the virtual world for a period, they are too difficult to identify where they are living. Especially the groups who are still living in the ivory tower might have to bear the brunt of psychological confusion. First of all, the excessive reliance on the phone calls and text messages, will negatively affect college students' interpersonal communication ability, making them feel nervous in face-to-face communication, which appears psychological disorders such as social phobia. In addition, excessive dependence on mobile Internet, mobile phones books, dictionaries and other channels to get information and knowledge, the college students will get stuck in a lack of initiative thinking and active exploration, giving rise to the college students' loss of autonomy and then badly affecting their capability of independent thinking and problem solving. 3.2.3Life Fragmentation The "fragmentation" originally refers to the process and the phenomenon that an entirety has been broken into many pieces. For thousands of years, human beings have invented new tools to understand the world, to express ourselves and communicate with the world. In the mean time, the new tools are changing our mind and lifestyle.* Most of the students are in favor of refreshing the Microblog and sending micro-messages. According to the survey, most of them will either check the mobile phone in a few minutes or look at the phone screen unconsciously when they chat with others. It makes our things split into several pieces because of these irrelevant parts. Some students in class will check the new words by the mobile phone’s e-dictionary. Such behaviors will result in students’ attention, reducing the possibility of focusing on doing things, leading to the fragmentations of students' memory and attention. 4. Major Causes of Mobile Phone Addiction The major causes of the addiction fall within the scopes of the external and the internal. External factors include pressures from study and life, as well as the general mood of the society, while internal factors include group psychology, psychological demands and different personality traits. 4.1 External Factors Various external pressures might become the external factors for college students relying on the mobile phone. In fact, it can also be considered that in a consumer society, the consumption of the virtual symbols helps the students find an outlet to release the pressures. 4.1.1Great Stress from Study and Life As college students, generally there will be pressure from study. As a r student pressures from both the academic and the living which includes the issue of dealing with interpersonal relationships and employment problems. The convenience brought by the mobile phone meets the needs of the students, the needs of consuming virtual symbols in the shifting consumer world where “hyper-reality” is becoming the reality. 4.1.1.1 Pressure to Prepare for Examinations As a Trade English majored student, to develop the competent language skills, they must make themselves an intelligent by diligence. In various aspects such as listening, speaking, reading and writing, only with sufficient accumulation of knowledge, exercise and practice could they make differences. Without paying enough efforts, it is rather difficult to cope with the examinations, let alone to achieve excellent scores. Such situations force students to look for a more convenient way to acquire knowledge and put the knowledge into practice. Fortunately, the multifunction mobile phones finely meet their demands, and thus to a certain extent, alleviate their pressure in examinations preparing. 4.1.1.2 Pressure to Prepare for the Employment In terms of the employment situation of Trade English majored students, the students are relatively easy to get employed comparing with other majored students, but to find an ideal job, it is still very difficult. It requires students to pay attention to the current affairs, be concerned about the latest information, and thus keep up with the times, making oneself a competitive talent in the job market. Only in this way could they be competent for higher positions. Mobile phones can provide them with the ever-changing information and knowledge, therefore to a large extent solving their problems so that to relieve their pressure. 4.1.1.3 Pressure to Tackle Interpersonal Relationships In terms of interpersonal relationships, students are required to deal with complex relationships. University is the cradle of the social talents, where the college students need to gradually develop competent social skills to handle interpersonal relationships and to establish a broader network which will be more favorable to us stepping into society in the future. The mobile phone is an important medium of communication. Since it brings convenience to the college students in communication, the students prefer it to other communication tools. In this way, the mobile phone is usually used to tackle interpersonal relations and thus might help to relieve the social pressure of the college students. 4.1.2 General Mood of Society Based on the Baudrillard’s “simulacrum theory”: owing to the "simulation" done by the media, in the eyes of people is not the traditional real world, but a virtual world illed with various cultural symbols. When fitting the cultural information, the f simulacrum will be a force promoting the development of reality. The mobile phone is included in this kind of media. Using mobile phone is not only using the phone itself, and it is also the consumption of mobile-phone culture. The impact of social trends tends to be firstly on teenagers, for teenagers are a group that is more likely to accept new things. Therefore, there might be great impact from the social trend on the teenagers. Nowadays, it is an age of science and technology as well as the information, where everyone is using a mobile phone to acquire the information which is advancing by leaps and bounds, with an increasing reliance on mobile phones. Undoubtedly, the mobile phone will play an important role because the mobile phone is delivering the “simulacrum” of information-supplying and communication-tool functions. For the Trade English majored students, the mobile phone is acting as a tool for learning and a tool of work when considering the contact with foreign customers. As the “hyperreality” forms, where most of the classmates use mobile phones around, if someone does not use one, he is likely to have no common topic with others, and moreover he is likely to fall behind the fast-changing society. Therefore, the “hyperreality”-- a social trend of using mobile phones, badly affects the college students' dependence on the mobile phone. 4.2 Internal Causes Supports from psychology study for research have begun since the 1960s, originating from the background where people are living with the stress on physical and mental health, including the following supports from psychology study: emotion support, approach support, intelligence support, evaluation support. The foreign study about the college students’ dependence on mobile phones is mainly analyzed from the perspective of social belonging. They are mainly engaged in research about the causes of mobile phone addiction with its research focusing on the influence on the mobile phone addiction, which is done by the individuals' sense of belonging in the community, and this research is aiming to dig out the underlying causes. Since the 1990s, the psychology study in our country has put forward the research about college tudents’ reliance on mobile phones from the perspective of social support, thus s combining the psychology study with the current social situation. 4.2.1 The Influence of Group Psychology The group psychology, also called the herd mentality, refers to the behaviors of individuals affected by crowd behaviors, in their own perception, judgment, knowledge committing to the conformity with the public opinion or the majority’s behaviors. Group psychology is the most common psychological phenomenon among all groups in society. The college students living on campus, all the day get along with the classmates within specific groups and attractions which are combined with students of similar characteristics, strong group dependence and poor self-control. Thus the students living in a specific group have a strong sense of belonging and dependence on the group. "Others have, I also want to have" and "others play, I also want to play", such psychological phenomena would lead some college students to buy, though the purpose of buying and using mobile phones is not necessarily certain. Seeing the classmate all buy and all use, they might think themselves also have this kind of "needs", and then they purchase and use mobile phones, to become consistent with the majority. They just do what others do. 4.2.2 Psychological Demands On one hand, using mobile phones meet the needs of the contemporary college students in interpersonal issues. In modern society, by making phone calls and sending text messages, the students are able to get in touch with others in the social network anytime and anywhere, obtaining social interpersonal resources, and thus their needs get satisfied. On the other hand, multifunction of the mobile phone meets the needs of contemporary college students in acquiring information. Mobile phones do not only have the basic function of making phone calls and sending text messages, but also be equipped with the mobile Internet, music, games, electronic dictionaries, and other functions. In the gold phase of studying and learning, the college students who are full thirst for knowledge and information. The powerful multifunction of mobile of phones, making the ever-changing information and the convenient communication be accessible to the students of curiosity, fully attracts the college students to own such a magical small box. Moreover, besides the mobile phone games, the mobile recreations, such as listening to music, watching video and Microblogging, are playing a role of some outlets available for the students who are under great stress to dispel the negative emotions. Dispelling the unhealthy emotions is also within the scope of psychological demands. 4.2.3Different Personality Traits Quite a few studies have found out that the college students of mucus-melancholic temperament are less likely to send messages or make phone calls. However, those of choleric temperament are the group who send a much larger number of messages and make much more phone calls monthly. It has also been proved that the students of mucus-melancholic temperament spend much less time in using the mobile phone than that spent by those of choleric temperament.[5] According to Eysenck’s personality theory, those who are of choleric temperament are characterized with quick temper, and impulsive emotion which is difficult to control. The college students of choleric temperament tend to have many friends, because they need to talk, and thus they often use a mobile phone to share happiness and sadness with others. Meanwhile, they always pay much attention to the information from the outside world. If the mobile phone has not been taken with them for a second, they might become uncomfortable and unsettled. On the contrary, the students of mucus-melancholic temperament are characterized with quiet temper and restraining emotion. Thus their mood is not easy be revealed. They tend to be unsocial, ding themselves in their heart, and not willing to show the real oneself in front of hi other people, let alone to pay attention to others’ business. Therefore, they are less likely to use a mobile phone, appearing as few dependence on mobile phones. 5. Countermeasures toward Mobile Phone Addiction The countermeasures toward mobile phone addiction include the environment meliorating and the self-regulating. 5.1Meliorate the Environment In meliorating the environment, both the schools and the society are playing a vital role. 5.1.1 School to Take Measures The school should pay much attention to its responsibility in forming a healthy environment for the students. 5.1.1.1Launch Group Activities The schools should help the students get more engaged in group activities. First of all, help to form a healthy collective atmosphere, guiding the students in a right direction, to make the students in a positive environment get aware of the dangers of mobile phone addiction and then gradually get rid of the dependence on mobile phones. Secondly, carry out sufficient extracurricular activities, bringing more students to attend those activities for the sake of dispelling the negative emotions. These activities could be sports games, chorus competitions, tug-of-wars and so forth, which do not only ask for team cooperation spirit, but also enhance the friendship between classmates, as well as release the pressure in study and life. These activities could help the students set up a good interpersonal relationship, fully satisfying the social demands of students, thus leading the student to embrace the real life activities instead of to depend on the virtual world in the mobile phone. 5.1.1.2 Organize Teach-in The schools should take on the ideological work towards the students. Carry out relevant lectures and propaganda activities, advocating the idea of using mobile ones correctly, guiding the students to reasonably use a mobile phone. For example, ph publish propaganda posters about the harms of mobile phone addiction; invite famous experts to give relevant speeches about the measures taken to fight the mobile phone addiction; thus make students realize that the mobile phone is a just tool for us to communicate with each other or a bridge to help us communicate more easily, rather than an indispensible part of our lives. 5.1.1.3 Reward and Punishment The schools could establish the system of “reward or punishment”. Set some appropriate incentives to encourage the students to use mobile phone as little as possible. For example, the school can carry out some relevant contests, with purpose to make students participate in the recreational activity as much as possible, promoting the development of students' personality and helping them find out the fields they are interested in. By setting some rewards in the contests, the students would participate in activities with stronger enthusiasm and passion, thus promoting a better result in reducing the dependence on mobile phones. 5.1.2Society to Take Measures- Avoid Media Misleading In the television some advertisements on mobile phones and mobile games should be well distinguished. For example, as a new brand of mobile phone has been produced, there will be excessive advertising on it to stimulate the consumers’ buying interest. However, such excessive advertisements are suspected in bringing about a mobile phone-buying craze among the students. Therefore, regulators should take relevant measures to supervise the advertising, especially to severely punish the excessive advertising and false advertising, for the sake of a healthier advertising environment and thus guarantee the rights and interests of students. 5.2Regulate Yourself To change some situation, it not only needs to improve the environment, but also needs some appropriate and effective self-adjustments. In the campus mobile phone addiction, the subject is the student. If they want to get rid of the addiction, the students must make some positive changes of themselves. 5.2.1Develop Independent Mind In daily life, we must by ourselves develop some norms in using the mobile phone. Except in some cases where the mobile phone is necessarily to be used, we must try to control frequency of using the mobile phone. For example, when you want to relax, you can choose to go for a walk or listen to music, instead of playing mobile phone games or chatting online. When encountering problems in study, we must not immediately turn to the mobile Internet, but by independent thinking on our own and consulting books to come out with conclusions or methods, so that we can gradually get rid of the dependence on mobile phone. In addition, as the modern society is highly competitive，many students can not adapt to the life and the study under these pressures, thus resulting weariness and laziness they will be more inclined to use mobile phone to chat online or play games to release their pressure. But these behaviors can not release any pressure but wasting time. The right approach to reduce the pressure is to face the problems bravely and to achieve a profoung understanding of their position in society, and then to find a suitable way for their development. 5.2.2Give Psychological Suggestions In terms of interpersonal course, we should perform ourselves in a courageous and sincere way. Each time we make friends with others, we could give ourselves some psychological suggestions, trying to talk more with them and then you would find out that your communication skills have been nurtured and promoted. Set up your own social circle in the group and extracurricular activities, so that to get rid of the sense of loneliness. 5.2.3Raise Healthy Habits and Hobbies First of all, let us put aside the mobile phone, joining yourself into the real life. For example, make yourself more involved in sports activities, for these healthy activities can define healthy living patterns. The second is to find suitable channels of pressure-relief. You can engage yourself in something you are interested in, such as watching movies, mountain climbing, sports games, artistic club, etc. If you are not very certain what you are interested, try to find your interest in participating in various kinds of activities and then raise it. 6. Conclusion According to Jean Baudrillard’s “simulacrum theory”, supports from psychological study and the survey about the mobile phone addiction of Trade English majored students in GDUT, the passage has analyzed the causes of the issue—external factors and internal factors. The multifunctional mobile phones are doing both harm and good to the college students. Making full use of the advantageous conditions and avoiding the negative impacts in mobile phone using, we college students could enjoy the convenience brought by the development of science and technology. The schools, society and students must be responsible for their own work, forming a healthy group atmosphere, creating a harmonious campus culture, strengthening psychological counseling and cultivating self-education ability of students. Only in this way could the college students overcome mobile phone addiction for the sake of their healthy development. Notes Bibliography Acknowledgements My great gratitude must go first and foremost to my beloved advisor teacher Angel Zhang. With her excellent mentorship, solid advice, constant availability and enduring patience, Miss Zhang has guided me through the major process of writing this thesis. Her encouragement of me as well as her confidence in me is indispensable to the completion of the dissertation. There are many others who deserve my thanks.