《交通工程专业英语》——浅谈城市轨道交通(英文版)

Urban Rail Transit   Abstract:  With the acceleration of urbanization and motorization, traffic congestion is rapidly becoming one of the important problems that constraint the development of urban city. On the basis of the current situation of urban transport systems, the paper aims at explaining the characteristics of rail transportation and discussing the great advantages that it has brought to urban construction on the aspects of environmental protection, efficiency, safety and so on .  Keywords:  Rail Transportation  Metro  Light Rail  Sustainable Development     The development of modern urban transport has promoted large improvement of social productivity to meet the growing consumer demand for transport, and to boost the city's prosperity to mankind, thus has brought great wealth. But road congestion, accidents, air and noise pollution, energy shortages and other issues come accordingly. Because of modern urban travel and population mobility, it’s a widespread phenomenon that passenger flow is highly concentrated and the flow direction is roughly the same at the peak time of the day. However, only rely on vehicles has been difficult to adapt to the modern transport passenger transport needs, especially the rapid rise in large cities and some medium-sized city.      The experience of the Metropolitan Transportation development abroad also proved that it’s impossible to solve urban traffic problems fundamentally rely solely on road traffic . our high density urban residential population and limited road space resources, decided that China should give priority to developing the urban rail transit system which is " the least road space resource occupating, the lowest energy consumption and pollution per capita ". focusing on development of rapid rail transit as the backbone of a new system of urban public transport network is imperative.      First, The Characteristics Of Urban Rail Transit Urban rapid rail transit system (subway, light rail) is a multi, multi-disciplinary in a complex system. the development experience of many major cities in the world Over the past century tells us that only adoptting rapid rail transit system as the backbone of public transport network can we effectively address urban transport problems.      1. Urban Rail Transit Provides A Way Of High-Capacity Transport Services Urban rail transit provides intensive use of resources, environmental protection and comfortable, safe and efficient way of high-capacity transport services, which has no interference with other modes of transport of the city. With strong transport capacity, higher service levels, significant resources to environmental benefits, it is the fundamental way to solve the problem of large urban transport and sustainable development.     2. Rail Transport Intensive Mode Of Transport Rail Transport not only provides efficient and quality bus travel service , but also is a intensive modes of transport, saving energy and land resources. Cities to speed up the process of motorization, the simple method of wide road by car can not solve the urban traffic problem, The potential use of bus lane capacity is limited, individual dispersion of traffic on the inefficient use of land resources is obvious, and the ground transportation supply which the central business district land resources can provide is gradually depleted. Use and develop valuable resources of underground space to provide new transport supply, to ease the tension in the ground space resources and to support the sustainable development of cities.      3. Urban Rail Transit Is A Huge Complex System Of Comprehensive (1) Large building scale , a city rail transit network generally have hundreds of kilometers to hundreds of kilometers.  (2) High technically demand , involving almost to the modern civil engineering, mechanical and electrical equipment works with high-tech fields.  (3) Great project investment , the cost is 3-4 billion per kilometer.  (4) Long construction period, in-line construction period is 4-5 years, while network-building generally needs 30-50 years.  (5) Many participating units, there are hundreds of ones. (6) Mass information.      Construction and operation generate amount of information, during which the dealing work is very heavy.      (7)Complex system . We have to consider the relationship among rail transit and other modes of transportation and urban development, among rail transit network layout, construction sequence and the sharing of resources, among the rail transit project planning, construction, operation, and the use of resources and so on.       Second, Rapid Rail Transit And Other Transportation Comparative Advantage At present, Chinese cities are growing traffic demand, and economic growth and rising incomes will serve the future needs of urban transportation fueling a stimulus, leading to environmental pollution, land degradation and increasing consumption, and urban traffic congestion.        Social and economic development needs of the city safe, efficient, clean and economical urban transportation systems; improved quality of life of urban residents need safe, convenient, comfortable, fast and cheap public transport services; needed to improve the urban environment is conducive to environmental improvement transport policy. Therefore, urban transport and urban development goals to be social and economic development goals in harmony.      Rail transit-based transportation system when compared with competing models have greater technical advantages: a large volume, efficient land use, lower energy consumption per km and environmental pollution. The environment is of great concern in modern society problem, due to urban rail transit generally use electric traction, and large capacity, centralized transportation side. Therefore, one for each passenger transported pollution generated significantly lower than other modes of transport.        In addition, the role of rail transport axes to guide the development of urban form changes, contribute to the aggregation of business benefits. It is the big city and its inevitable choice for sustainable transportation.        Third, Rail Transit Systems And Transportation Advantages Compared (1) to improve the urban environment. By substitution of public mass transit commuter electric cars become popular tools of choice, due to the reduction in the city center and buses running on the number of cars, will largely reduce the urban vehicle exhaust emissions, improve air quality. overseas research shows that rail traffic units of carbon dioxide emissions by only 10% of cars and buses 25%;  (2) greatly ease the traffic congestion. Rail transit or a large volume of transport, many foreign cities bear the passenger rail passenger traffic accounted for all - a half or even 80% or more. Metro-way transport capacity per hour 3 to 6 million passengers, light rail is 2 to 2.5 million passengers, while the public electric cars for the 2000 to 5000 people.  (3) Improved Traffic Safety, Rail Traffic Safety Than Cars And Buses In The Safe Out Of A Number Of Times; (4) To Facilitate Efficient Rail Transportation System, Will Improve People's Mobility And Flexibility; (5) the improvement of transport accessibility along the urban land prices is bound to improve along the property and the value of real estate development;  (6) promote urban renewal along the rail and the new city development. As for the long-distance rail commuter issues and low-cost tools to provide fast, therefore, urban residents will spread along the rail line to the suburbs;  (7) Rail Transit System Construction, Operation And Maintenance, Will Stimulate Domestic Demand And Create New Jobs; (8) axis in the development of rail transport contribute to the aggregation effect of trade, so that changes in urban form, reduce the allocation of resources more rational direction, help to promote the industrial structure and consumption structure upgraded.        In short, by rail and common way to travel several other comparative analysis, we found that relative to the rapid rail transit buses, private cars, bicycles and other public transportation, has the large volume, low pollution, low noise , low power, high speed, low cost, small footprint, comfortable, all-weather and other unique advantage over other modes of transport can not be replaced. in the big cities, especially mega-cities we should build a rail transit as the backbone of the integrated and comprehensive urban transport system in order to solve the city's traffic congestion problems for ensuring the sustainable development of the city.      Fourth, Rail Transit System To A City Or Region Benefits Because rail transit system efficiency and punctuality, comfort, passengers will be more willing to take, and to attract original passenger cars and bicycles and pedestrians, thereby improving passenger traffic. In particular, if the passengers of private cars for travel, will be to alleviate traffic the pressure caused by the environment such as noise, emissions and land use, roads, improve road safety, without prejudice to the case of movement of the center will help reduce traffic pressure.  Develop rail transit, for enhancing the urban structure to address the urban development in the face of the economic and social conflicts, and achieve sustainable development strategy, has a special significance.