低密度脂蛋白偏高(胆固醇偏高)的原因及治疗方法

低密度脂蛋白偏高(胆固醇偏高)的原因及治疗方法 低密度脂蛋白偏高,胆固醇偏高,的原因及治疗方法 低密度脂蛋白偏高的原因及治疗方法中文名称:低密度脂蛋白 英文名称:low density lipoprotein;LDL 定义:一种密度较低(1.019，1.063 g/cm3)的血浆脂蛋白～约含25%蛋白质与49%胆固醇及胆固醇酯。颗粒直径为18，25 nm～分子量为3×106。电泳时其区带与β球蛋白共迁移。在血浆中起转运内源性胆固醇及胆固醇酯的作用。其浓度升高与动脉粥样硬化的发病率增加有关。 所属学科:生物化学与分子生物学,一级学科,,脂质,二级学科, 低密度脂蛋白,LDL,是由极低密度脂蛋白,VLDL,转变而来。主要功能是把胆固醇运输到全身各处细胞～运输到肝脏合成胆酸。每种脂蛋白都携带有一定的胆固醇～携带胆固醇最多的脂蛋白是LDL。体内2/3的LDL是通过受体介导途径吸收入肝和肝外组织～经代谢而清除的。余下的三分之一是通过一条“清扫者”通路而被清除的～在这一非受体通路中～巨噬细胞与LDL结合～吸收LDL中的胆固醇～这样胆固醇就留在细胞内～变成“泡沫”细胞。因此～LDL能够进人动脉壁细胞～并带人胆固醇。LDL水平过高能致动脉粥样硬化～使个体处于易患冠心病的危险。 低密度脂蛋白说明你的血脂偏高,用饮食营养调理的方法～平时少吃油腻甜的食品,多吃蔬菜、水果～适当的运动。多吸收植物蛋白～动物蛋白则少接触。 低密度脂蛋白高者的饮食 1(节制主食。体重超重或肥胖者尤应注意节制。忌食纯糖食品及甜食。 2(多食用鱼类,尤其是海产鱼类,、大豆及豆制品、禽肉、瘦肉等能提供优质蛋白～而饱和脂肪酸、胆固醇较低的食物。 3(控制动物肝脏及其它内脏的摄入量～对动物脑、蟹黄、鱼子等要严格限制。 Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 4(用植物油烹调～尽量减少动物油脂摄入。 5(多食用蔬菜、水果、粗粮等～保证适量食物纤维、维生素、无机盐摄入。尤应多食用含尼克酸、维生素C、维生素E、维生素B6等丰富的食品。 6(已发现许多食品具有降血脂作用: ,1,大蒜:大蒜可升高血液中高密度脂蛋白～对防止动脉硬化有利。 ,2,茄子:茄子在肠道内的分解产物～可与过多的胆固醇结合～使之排出体外。 ,3,香菇及木耳:能降血胆固醇和甘油三酯。据研究～其降胆固醇作用～比降血脂药物安妥明强10倍。 ,4,洋葱及海带:洋葱可使动脉脂质沉着减少,而海带中的碘和镁～对防止动脉脂质沉着也有一定作用。 ,5,大豆:研究人员发现～每天吃115克豆类～血胆固醇可降低20,～特别是与动脉粥样硬化形成有关的低密度脂蛋白降低明显。 ,6,茶叶:茶能降血脂～茶区居民血胆固醇含量和冠心病发病率明显低于其它地区。 ,7,鱼类:鱼中含大量高级不饱和脂肪酸～对降血胆固醇有利。渔民冠心病发病率低于内陆居民～就是证明。 ,8,植物油:含有人体必需的不饱和脂肪酸能降血胆固醇～尤以芝麻油、玉米油、花生油等为佳。 ,9,其它食物～如山楂、芹菜、冬瓜、粗燕麦、苹果等～均有不同程度降血脂作用。 Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 燕麦片:早晨一杯燕麦片是对心脏友善的好早餐。燕麦中主要破坏胆固醇的物质～叫做“β-聚葡萄糖”～是一种可溶性纤维～能妨碍胆固醇的制造与吸收。研究发现～每天只要吃三分之二杯干的燕麦片～就能降低胆固醇16,。 坚果:杏仁、花生、胡桃、腰果、栗子等坚果含有多不饱和脂肪酸～可降低胆固醇～还能维持动脉血管的健康和弹性。发表在今年世界心脏病学会年会的一份研究指出～10个欧洲国家搜集了近40万人的资料分析后发现～坚果吃得越多的人～患冠心病的风险越低。 每天吃13克坚果的人～得冠心病的风险比吃不到1克的人少四成。坚果唯一的缺点就是热量太高。专家建议不妨每周吃两次～每次吃8克～大约握在手心松松一把的量～即可获得丰富的不饱和脂肪酸和抗氧化剂。 苹果:因富含果胶、纤维素和维生素C～有非常好的降脂作用。如果每天吃两个苹果～坚持一个月～大多数人血液中的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(对心血管有害)会降低～而对心血管有益的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平会升高。 胡萝卜:富含果胶酸钙～它与胆汁酸发生化学反应后从大便中排出。身体要产生胆汁酸势必会动用血液中的胆固醇～从而促使血液中胆固醇的水平降低。 玉米:含有丰富的钙、磷、硒和卵磷脂、维生素E等～具有降低血清胆固醇的作用。 牡蛎:富含锌及牛黄酸等～尤其是牛黄酸可促进胆固醇分解～有助于降低血脂水平。 杏仁:胆固醇水平正常或稍高的人～可以用杏仁取代其膳食中的低营养密度食Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 品～达到降低血液胆固醇并保持心脏健康的目的。 蜜橘:含有丰富的维生素C～多吃可以提高肝脏解毒能力～加速胆固醇转化～降低血清胆固醇和血脂的含量。 心脑血管疾病饮食宜忌 心肌梗塞。宜:补充维生素C和微量元素碘,海产品含碘丰富,、镁,在绿叶菜中含量较多,～进食粗粮及粗纤维食物。忌:胆固醇～控制食盐摄入～咸菜、豆酱、香肠～腌肉等少吃～避免刺激性食物。 低血压。宜:桂圆、莲子、大枣、桑椹、肝类、鱼类、奶类、蛋类、豆类以及含铁多的蔬菜水果。忌:菠菜、萝卜、芹菜、冷饮等。 冠心病。宜:菠菜、大蒜、马铃薯、蘑菇、木耳、苹果、豆类、鱼。忌:高胆固醇食物和含饱和脂肪酸食物如猪油、肥肉等。 高血压。宜:桔子、柠檬、苹果、梨、桃、樱桃、石榴、葡萄、西红柿等。忌:酒类、辣椒、蛋黄、动物内脏～限制摄入含热量高的米面、糖类等。 脑血管意外。宜:易缓解动脉硬化及降压食物～如黑木耳、银耳、果汁、米汤、菜汁等～少食多餐。 高血压患者预防脑血管意外有四忌:1,忌高钠饮食～少吃盐～日摄量应低于5克～钠多使血压升高。2,忌高脂肪饮食～高脂肪食物能增加血液粘稠度。3,忌高糖～少吃甜食～糖在体内仍转变成脂肪～增加血液粘度。 多食鱼 鱼肉富含甲硫氨酸、赖氨酸、脯氨酸及牛黄氨酸～有改善血管弹性、顺应性及促进钠盐排泄的作用。 富含ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的鱼油有保护血管内皮细胞、减少脂质沉积及改善纤溶的功能。 多吃富含精氨酸的食物 富含精氨酸的食物可补肾填精～有助调节血管张力、抑制血小板聚集～减少血管损伤。可多吃海参、泥鳅、鳝鱼及芝麻、山药、银杏、豆腐皮、葵花子等。 多吃富含叶酸的食物 膳食中缺乏叶酸及维生素B6、B12～会使血中半胱氨酸水平升Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU. 高～易损伤血管内皮细胞～促进粥样硬化斑块形成。补充叶酸对降低冠心病和中风发病率有重要作用。专家建议中老年人尤其是心血管病人～应多摄食富含叶酸的食物～如红苋菜、菠菜、龙须菜、芦笋、豆类、酵母及苹果、柑橘等。 多摄入天然抗凝与降脂食物 摄食此类食物有助减少心肌梗死与缺血性中风。抑制血小板聚集、防止血栓形成的黑木耳及含吡嗪类物质如大蒜、洋葱、青葱、茼蒿、香菇、龙须菜及草莓、菠萝也有一定的抗凝作用。番茄、葡萄、橘子中含少量类似阿司匹林的水杨酸抗凝物质。降脂食物有螺旋藻、香芹、胡萝卜、山楂、紫菜、海带、核桃及橄榄油、芝麻油等。 Million. Water quality standards the dredging of river boundary section obtained provincial environmental protection Office special bonuses for wetland construction ... ... Million. But sober see, these achievements were made in the case of decreased rainfall for two consecutive years, we realize that environmental protection work still faced many problems in our County. Mainly in the PM2.5 and PM10 air quality monitoring indicators often exceeding, dredging of river section's water quality is not stable, and rural non-point source pollution has not been radical, Wade through the corporate environmental risk, livestock pollution rebound from severe, a wealth of protection and use of water resources is not well. If this year's rainfall, these problems will be exposed, and raw materials caused a great deal of pressure to go green. To solve these problems, we focused on three aspects of the work of environmental protection: (a) in accordance with the ... ... Real good green. According to the "Garden City, roads, tree-lined, mountain forests of" principle, to develop "governance focused piece, scale" afforestation programmes, and actively implement the barren hills green, River afforestation increased, City Green, farmland and other greening works to ensure complete afforestation this year ... ... Acres and acres and afforestation in the plain ... ... Acres, new nursery wood ... ... MU.