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各地争区号026背后现实利益与心理依赖驱使

2017-09-02 15页 doc 65KB 11阅读

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各地争区号026背后现实利益与心理依赖驱使各地争区号026背后现实利益与心理依赖驱使 谁将获得区号026, 中国的电话区号,俨然是排序文化的体现——首都北京为010,直辖市、中心区域城市为“02字头”的三位区号,普通省会城市和其它城市为四位区号。而对026的争夺,反映了城市居民对其所居城市排序上位的欲求 020—广州,021—上海,022—天津,023—重庆,024—沈阳,025—南京; 027—武汉,028—成都,029—西安。 026—, 《南方周末》记者 苏 岭 吕明合 实 习 生 杨 洋 沈赛星发自北京、深圳等地 政协委员“两会”提案 网...
各地争区号026背后现实利益与心理依赖驱使
各地争区号026背后现实利益与心理依赖驱使 谁将获得区号026, 中国的电话区号,俨然是排序文化的体现——首都北京为010,直辖市、中心区域城市为“02字头”的三位区号,普通省会城市和其它城市为四位区号。而对026的争夺,反映了城市居民对其所居城市排序上位的欲求 020—广州,021—上海,022—天津,023—重庆,024—沈阳,025—南京; 027—武汉,028—成都,029—西安。 026—, 《南方周末》记者 苏 岭 吕明合 实 习 生 杨 洋 沈赛星发自北京、深圳等地 政协委员“两会”提案 网上争夺烽烟初起 至今,长途区号026仍是空白。对它的争夺,是一位长沙学者较早提出的。2000年,他发表建议“长沙-株洲-湘潭三城一体化”后,向中央申请026作为“融城”后的区号。 这个信息在2005年才被媒体公开。所以,更有影响的是几位政协委员的提案。其中一人是深圳民盟委员丁中,他在2002年初提交了《关于将深圳长途电话区号0755升为026的建议》:“三位区号里的9大城市都是经济发达城市、特大城市和区域中心城市。深圳的区号0755,与它的经济地位不符。”当年3月,深圳市人大副主任、全国政协常委胡政光把丁中的提案带到全国“两会”上。与此同时,哈工大国际经贸关系学院院长、哈尔滨市政协委员宋要武也看到了026这个亮点——2002年,哈市准备把电话号码升为八位时,他力主抓住机会,升级区号。 urban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-15 3,000 short car 20-50 10-20 wide bus 6,000-9,000 1-2 40-60 0.25-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-30,000 in long-distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource consumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States second-busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highway 与所有热点一样,网络很快就参与了争夺。2005年6月,一位大连网友发帖《建议大连的电话区号改为026》,此帖百度“城市吧”一挂出来,即被各地网友群起而攻之。杭州、郑州、深圳和青岛等城市网友各据理直争,以为026该归“他们的城市”。 网上角逐被长沙人推向高潮。2005年9月,有长沙网民称:“长株潭在深圳、兰州、大连、苏州、杭州、青岛、郑州的026长途电话区号争夺战一举获胜。据信息产业部电信管理局消息,明年长株潭一体化城市后,中国电信将正式启用026区号。” 为显示消息的权威性,帖中强调:“信息产业部电信管理局这次之所以同意长株潭使用026新区号,一方面是三城融城后电话号码的激剧增加。另一方面,据说是中央领导干预的结果。前一段时间,中央提出中部崛起政策并没有具体的体现,导致中部省份颇有微词,这次长株潭使用026区号同武汉成立铁路局一样,是对中部地区的安抚,从而使武汉、长沙成为推动中部崛起的双引擎。” 但事实证明,在2006年,这个“美好的愿望”并未实现。于是,来自深圳、苏州、大连、杭州、哈尔滨、郑州、长沙、青岛和兰州等地的网民再次开战,直到今天。而在新华网城市论坛上,还有广州人和上海人为争020和021谁是老大,甚至互相骂娘。 一个026区号,为何让人们如此看重, 直辖与发展:三位区号背后的现实利益 刺激人们神经的,主要是重庆。1997年,它从隶属四川的一个市升格直辖,其区号也从0811变成了023。而中国所有的直辖市,区号均为三位——包括“独霸”010的首都北京。 “直辖可以增大城市的自主权。”民政部规划处一位负责人称,“这种自主权可以提高城市建设的决策速度,中央政府每年会拨出一部分资金用于直辖市的发展,这也是一大好处。” urban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-15 3,000 short car 20-50 10-20 wide bus 6,000-9,000 1-2 40-60 0.25-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-30,000 in long-distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource consumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States second-busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highway 重庆给出了最佳的直辖注脚。2006年,该市人均GDP达到12437元,为直辖前的3倍;地方财政收入年均增长25%,为1996年的9倍。 所以,026的几个主要竞争者也是直辖意愿最强烈的城市。比如深圳——2004年3月,以张以庆为代表的部分深圳市人大代表和政协委员在全国“两会”上,提议将深圳升格为直辖市。虽然最后被拒,但在2005年8月25日——深圳特区成立25年纪念会上,原深圳市委书记厉有为再度力主“深圳建成南方的直辖市”。 目前,深圳与厦门、青岛、大连、宁波,是5个非省会城市的单列市,同副省级城市一个级别。直辖市是中国一级行政区,政治、经济各方面都直接与中央挂钩,计划单列市仅仅是在经济上享受省级待遇。面对这些城市的诉求,不时有学者指出中国的行政区划需要做出全面调整,多设几个直辖市。 而长沙人争夺026的理由,则是“长株潭经济一体化”。这个规划已经有25年历史,其愿景则是,交通同环、电力同网、金融同城、信息共享、环境共治。目前,通讯规划有很大发展——移动通信已经在这3个城市中实现不收漫游费。 “我们还会向国家信息产业部争取。”湖南省社科院原副院长、中国区域经济研究中心副主任张萍说,“整个长株潭地区也将力争成为国家综合经济试验区,像上海浦东一样,我们中部也要有长株潭。” 苏州人则最急于政治和经济地位的蝶变。苏州的GDP排名全国城市第4,并连续出了三任升任省长的市委书记。但现在,它连计划单列市都不是。此前苏州市的智囊机构曾建议,向中央申请成为第六个计划单列市,以获得资源配置等方面的好处——其中包括区号的改变。但在正式启动之前,苏州市一直保持刻意的低调。苏州发改委一位要求匿名的处长对南方周末记者表示,目前没有可行性。 各地的经济资源、政治资源,以及人口、面积等先天条件,则成为了比拼的砝码。比如,有郑州网友发帖称:2006年,兰州GDP为638亿元,而郑州为1790.66亿元;其主要urban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-15 3,000 short car 20-50 10-20 wide bus 6,000-9,000 1-2 40-60 0.25-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-30,000 in long-distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource consumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States second-busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highway 竞争对手兰州吸引外资2.65亿美元,郑州为25.93亿美元。“显然,026更应该落在一个实力强劲的城市”。而“软实力”也成了申请026的比拼指数之一——有长沙网友发帖称,火车编号中T1、T2两个最有分量的编码授予了长沙和北京之间的往返,这是托的“毛主席的面子”,同理,026授予谁也应该考虑这些。 心理依赖:大家都想当“老大” 如果仅仅是城市“升格”带来的硬指标,也不会让各地居民如此上心。中国海洋大学城市文化研究所所长张胜冰认为,城市的美誉度、知名度与该市市民的生活优越感直接相关。而026区号的争夺,更反映了城市居民对其所居城市排序上位的欲求。 “集权文化阶级的宝塔式结构,造就了中国人的排序文化。” 张胜冰说,“这种排序文化可上溯至老子的《道德经》:一生二,二生三,三生万物。” 中国的电话区号排位俨然是此模式的再版。首都北京为010,第二级的各行政区划的中心区域城市为“02字头”的三位区号,第三级的省会城市和其它城市为四位区号。 类似的例子无所不在。比如会议名单、主席台排位、车牌号码,都被视为一种权力榜。以车牌为例,各省的A无一例外地分配给它的省会城市,B给第二大城市。这种模式早已延伸到个人心中——公安部曾在北京等地试用私车个性化牌照,车主可自选字母和数字排列组合。8个工作日后此试点告终,官方解释为技术原因。但民间却认为主要是诸如CHN-001(中国第一)、VIP-001(至尊第一)、CEO-001(首席运营官第一)等个性化车牌,触动了权力机关的敏感神经。 “026给了谁,不能说明什么” 但026的争夺战更像是一股来自民间和学者的热潮,官方对此不作评论。南方周末记者致电各大城市的电信管理部门和政府机构,对方均表示“没听说这个消息,也未向上申请过”。 urban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-15 3,000 short car 20-50 10-20 wide bus 6,000-9,000 1-2 40-60 0.25-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-30,000 in long-distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource consumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States second-busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highway 对从重庆由0811区号改为023的原因,中国电信集团总公司公关部称:“区号是由信息产业部拨下来给我们的。他们拨023我们就要,没有什么可选的。” 记者又联系了信息产业部新闻处,对方称:“没有确定的事情不能回答,避免引起几大城市的矛盾。” 只有深圳可以确定被拒绝了。提案过了近半年,胡政光得到信产部回复:“没必要改,改的成本非常高,深圳要这个不合适。” 但争得一塌糊涂的026,在信息产业部专家杨培芳眼里没有什么价值: “电信业早已从电话时代过渡到互联网时代,电话区号排序越来越失去原来的意义。如果说过去人们比较在意一个城市的固定电话区号,那么移动电话号码的地域概念已经大大淡化;将来人们会大量通过互联网通话,那么它根本不存在地域概念。在互联网世界,所有用户都是平等分布的,不存在宝塔式的级别结构。即使将来026给了某个城市,也不能说明什么。” 信息产业部权威专家解密区号分配历史:026和台北无关 ?本报记者 苏 岭 实 习 生 沈赛星 026的归属为何迟迟没有定论,网上有一种流传甚广的说法,“是预留给台北的”。 对此,信息产业部电信研究院副总工程师杨培芳哑然失笑。61岁的他全程参与了当年的中国电话区号分配。“台北的电话区号00886和香港的00852一样,相当于国际电话上的一个国家或地区的身份。”接受南方周末采访时他解释,“即使未来政局发生大的变更,也没必要去改变它。中国多几个国际区号,是一种资源。” 在杨培芳的记忆里,1976年前,长途电话局里的情形就像电影《列宁在1918》。话务员们戴着耳机,手拿电话塞绳,要北京的长途就插北京的塞孔,要上海就插上海的。 urban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-15 3,000 short car 20-50 10-20 wide bus 6,000-9,000 1-2 40-60 0.25-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-30,000 in long-distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource consumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States second-busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highway 当时,中国的市内电话多使用“步进制”机械式自动电话交换机。它由磁铁带簧片来选线,拨1,“哒”的一声上升一步,拨2,“哒、哒”两声上升两步,拨0则“哒哒”十声上升十步。所有长途电话,均需通过话务员接拨。 由于西方国家在高技术方面对中国实行禁运,原邮电部倡导自力更生提高电话的自动化。于是,部分省区开始试用自主开发的半电子电话交换机——它是晶体管和笛簧继电器装配而成,以代替笨拙的“步进制”。 因为各地的电子交换机标准不统一,邮电部组织调研小组,赴全国15个省、直辖市。1976年4月,小组成员与其他电信专家在上海集中了一个月,制订了一系列通信技术文件,其中包括长途自动电话制式和交换区号的。 在决定长途电话城市区号的专家讨论会议上,虽然没有任何部门做出明确指示,专家们多倾向与城市的政治和经济地位挂钩。为突出北京的政治中心地位,参照车牌编码,其区号定为01。其余城市按五级汇接排布,其余两个直辖市——天津、上海,以及6个中心城市共用02。02字头三位区号剩下023和026两个中心城市区号机动备用。以下城市按汇接关系和业务量大小,共用03至09区号。此外,必须预留一定的余量来解决突发和汇接不平衡的关系,所以也不存在3至9字头的三位区号。 那么,020和021,哪个是二字头区号的“老大”, “当时考虑到上海和天津是两个直辖市,于是就按照城市地位排序把021给上海,022给了天津。”杨培芳说,“1976年制定电话区号的时候还没改革开放,如果说广东用020排在021前面纯属偶然。因为按照当时电话交换技术,0是排在9后面的数字。现在全部采用了数字程控技术,0和9在技术上就没有差别。” 对于区号分配的政治挂率,会议上也有人反对:“北京01,相当于一个城市独占9倍的通讯容量;按分级不利于资源利用,在02头的三位区号后,其它城市想进来,怎么办,” urban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-15 3,000 short car 20-50 10-20 wide bus 6,000-9,000 1-2 40-60 0.25-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-30,000 in long-distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource consumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States second-busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highway 这种反对的声音到1990年代后期才得到部分回应——在北京的01后加了一个0。此举 是为了腾出一些码号资源,给其它重要网络备用,比如党政军的专用网。 urban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-15 3,000 short car 20-50 10-20 wide bus 6,000-9,000 1-2 40-60 0.25-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-30,000 in long-distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource consumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States second-busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highway
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