雷州人普通话发音不标准三大的因素

雷州人普通话发音不三大的因素 雷州人普通话发音不标准的三大致命缺陷 现代汉语:指现代汉民族共同语，即以北京语音为标准音，以北方话为基础方言，以典范的现代白话文著作为语法的普通话。这是1955年中国科学院召开的现代汉语规范问题学术会上确定，由国务院颁发的。这是狭义的现代汉语，广义的现代汉语还包括现代汉语方言。 目前较有影响的看法是把汉语方言分为七大方言区，即北方方言、吴方言、湘方言、赣方言、客家方言、闽方言、粤方言。 闽方言:又叫闽语，主要分布在福建和海南的大部分地区、广东东部潮汕地区、雷州半岛部分地区、浙江南部温州地区的一部分、广西的少数地区及台湾省的大多数汉人居住地，东南亚一带华人社区分布也较为广泛。闽方言是各方言中内部差异最大、语音现象最复杂的一个方言，又可分为闽东、闽南、闽北、闽中、莆仙五个次方言。其中闽东方言以福州话为代，主要分布在福建东部闽江下游;闽南方言以厦门话为代表，分布在闽南二十四县、台湾及广东的潮汕地区、雷州半岛、海南省及浙江南部。 雷州人普通话发音不标准的三大致命缺陷: 一、前鼻音与后鼻音 前鼻音尾韵母和后鼻音尾韵母在方言中的问题主要体现在in和ing、en和eng、ɑn和ɑng、uɑn和uɑng、eng和ong的混淆上。广西灵州话、广东潮州话、雷州话把in和ing、en和eng、ɑn和ɑng、uɑn和uɑng的韵尾都读成了后鼻音ng。例如“开饭(küifàn)”读成küifàng。 要发好每一个前鼻音尾韵母和后鼻音尾韵母要注意两点:第一，要掌握好n和ng的发音。掌握好n和ng的发音，关键在于要掌握好舌头的位置变化情况。n是舌尖浊鼻音，发前鼻音尾韵母时，舌头最后是舌尖抵住上齿龈，舌头基本是平伸在口腔里;nɡ是舌根浊鼻音，发后鼻音尾韵母时，舌头后缩，前低后高，舌尖置于下齿龈的下面，舌根和软腭构成阻碍，并且下颌肌肉有紧张感。第二，要掌握好前鼻音尾韵母和后鼻音尾韵母中元音的发音。例如ing的发音，虽然能发好ng，但是如果i的发音不好，比如发音时舌位不够高，唇形不扁等，也同样不能发好ing。eng和ong的发音，eng是扁唇音，ong是圆唇音。分辨: 赞颂zànsçnɡ—葬送zànɡsçnɡ 陈旧chãnjiù—成就chãnɡjiù 山口shünkǒu—伤口shünɡkǒu 亲近qÿnjån—清静qÿnɡjånɡ ? ɑn[an] 发音时，起点元音是前低不圆唇元音ɑ[a]，舌尖抵住下齿背，舌位降到最低，软腭上升，关闭鼻腔通路。从“前a”开始，舌面升高，舌面前部抵住硬腭前部，当两者将要接触时，软腭下降，打开鼻腔通路，紧接着舌面前部与硬腭前部闭合，使在口腔受到阻碍的气流从鼻腔里透出。口形由开到合，舌位移动较大。 发音例词: 参战cünzhàn 反感fǎngǎn 烂漫lànmàn 谈判tánpàn 坦然risk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management requirements pre-loan investigation pre-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, bank information system query-related personnel, and so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators should work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts such as loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these signed transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should retain the borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other information. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it carefully, and keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false information to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should carefully verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but should also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as the main source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no ability to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an object to have a specific professional restrictions tǎnrán 赞叹zàntàn (1) ɑng[ɑ?] 发音时，起点元音是后低不圆唇元音ɑ[ɑ](后ɑ)，口大开，舌尖离开下齿背，舌头后缩。从“后ɑ”开始，舌面后部抬起，当贴近软腭时，软腭下降，打开鼻腔通路，紧接着舌根与软腭接触，封闭了口腔通路，气流从鼻腔里透出。 发音例词: 帮忙büngmáng 苍茫cüngmáng 当场düngchǎng 刚刚günggüng 商场shüngchǎng ? en[?n] 发音时，起点元音是央元音e[?]，舌位中性(不高不低不前不后)，舌尖接触下齿背，舌面隆起部位受韵尾影响略靠前。从央元音e[?]开始，舌面升高，舌面前部抵住硬腭前部，当两者将要接触时，软腭下降，打开鼻腔通路，紧接着舌面前部与硬腭前部闭合，使在口腔受到阻碍的气流从鼻腔里透出。口形由开到闭，舌位移动较小。 发音例词: 根本gýnbþn 门诊mãnzhþn 人参rãnshýn 认真rânzhýn 深沉shýnchãn 振奋zhânfân (2) eng[??] 发音时，起点元音是央元音e[?]。从e[?]开始，舌面后部抬起，贴向软腭。当两者将要接触时，软腭下降，打开鼻腔通路，紧接着舌面后部抵住软腭，使在口腔受到阻碍的气流从鼻腔里透出。 发音例词: 承蒙chãngmãng 丰盛fýngshâng 更正gýngzhâng 萌生mãngshýng 声称shýngchýng ? in[in] 发音时，起点元音是前高不圆唇元音i，舌尖抵住下齿背，软腭上升，关闭鼻腔通路。从舌位最高的前元音i开始，舌面升高，舌面前部抵住硬腭前部，当两者将要接触时，软腭下降，打开鼻腔通路，紧接着舌面前部与硬腭前部闭合，使在口腔受到阻碍的气流从鼻腔透出。开口度几乎没有变化，舌位动程很小。 发音例词: 近邻jånlæn 拼音pÿnyÿn 信心xånxÿn 辛勤xÿnqæn 引进yǐnjån 濒临bÿnlæn (3) ing[i?] 发音时，起点元音是前高不圆唇元音i，舌尖接触下齿背，舌面前部隆起。从i开始，舌面隆起部位不降低，一直后移，舌尖离开下齿背，逐步使舌面后部隆起，贴向软腭。当两者将要接触时，软腭下降，打开鼻腔通路，紧接着舌面后部抵住软腭，封闭口腔通路，气流从鼻腔透出。口形没有明显变化。 发音例词: 叮咛dÿngnæng 经营jÿngyæng 命令månglång 评定pængdång 清静risk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management requirements pre-loan investigation pre-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, bank information system query-related personnel, and so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators should work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts such as loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these signed transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should retain the borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other information. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it carefully, and keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false information to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should carefully verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but should also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as the main source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no ability to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an object to have a specific professional restrictions qÿngjång 二、张嘴与圆嘴 ? ɑo[ɑu] 发音时，α[ɑ]是比单元音a[Α]舌位靠后的后低不圆唇元音。发α[ɑ]时，口大开，扁唇，舌头后缩，舌面后部略隆起，声带振动。发ɑo[ɑu]时，α[ɑ]清晰响亮，后头的元音o舌位状态接近单元音u(拼写作o，实际发音接近u)，但舌位略低，只表示舌位滑动的方向。 发音例词: 懊恼àonǎo 操劳cüoláo GCgüocháo 骚扰süorǎo 逃跑táopǎo 早操zǎocüo (4) ou[ou] 发 音时，起点元音o比单元音o[o]的舌位略高、略前，唇形略圆。发音时，开头的元音o[o]清晰响亮，舌位向u的方向滑动，u的发音含混模糊，只表示舌位滑动的方向。ou是普通话复韵母中动程最短的复合元音。 发音例词: 丑陋chǒulçu 兜售dōushçu 口头kǒutèu 漏斗lçudǒu 收购shōugçu 喉头hèutèu ? uo[uo] 由圆唇后元音复合而成。发音时，从后高元音u开始，舌位向下滑到后半高元音o[o]结束。发音过程中，唇形保持圆唇，开头最圆，结尾圆唇度略减。u发音较短，o[o]的发音响亮而且时间较长。 发音例词: 错落cuçluç 硕果shuçguǒ 脱落tuōluç 阔绰kuçchuç 骆驼luçtuo (5) o[о] 舌面、后、半高、圆唇元音 发音时，口半闭，圆唇，舌头后缩，舌面后部略隆起，舌尖置下齿龈后，声带振动。软腭上升，关闭鼻腔通路。 发音例词: 伯伯bèbo 婆婆pèpo 默默mçmo 泼墨pōmç 薄膜bèmè 馍馍mèmo ? e[γ] 舌面、后、半高、不圆唇元音 发音时，口半闭，扁唇，舌头后缩，舌面后部略隆起，舌面两边微卷，舌面中部稍凹,舌尖置于下齿龈后，嘴角向两边微展，声带振动。软腭上升，关闭鼻腔通路。 发音例词: 隔阂gãhã 合格hãgã 客车kâchý 特色tâsâ 折射zhãshâ 这个zhâgâ (6) ä[ε] 舌面、前、半低、不圆唇元音 发音时，口自然打开，扁唇，舌头前伸，舌面前部略隆起，舌尖抵住下齿背，嘴角向两边微展，声带振动。软腭上升，关闭鼻腔通路。 在普通话中，ä只在语气词“欸”中单用。ä不与任何辅音声母相拼，只构成复韵母ie、ûe，并在写时省去上面的附加符号“ˆ”。 发音例词: risk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management requirements pre-loan investigation pre-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, bank information system query-related personnel, and so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators should work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts such as loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these signed transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should retain the borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other information. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it carefully, and keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false information to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should carefully verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but should also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as the main source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no ability to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an object to have a specific professional restrictions 告别gàobiã 感谢gǎnxiâ 夜晚yâwǎn 消灭xiüomiâ 坚决jiünjuã 省略shþngluâ ? i 舌面、前、高、不圆唇元音 发音时，口微开，扁唇，上下齿相对，舌头前伸，舌面前部略隆起，舌尖抵住下齿背，嘴角向两边微展，声带振动。软腭上升，关闭鼻腔通路。 发音例词: 笔记bǐjå 激励jÿlå 基地jÿdå 记忆jåyå 霹雳pÿlå 习题xætæ (7.1) u 舌面、后、高、圆唇元音 发音时，口微开，圆唇，舌头后缩，舌面后部高度隆起和软腭相对，舌尖置下齿龈后，声带振动。软腭上升，关闭鼻腔通路。 发音例词: 补助bǔzhù 读物dúwù 辜负gūfù 瀑布pùbù 入伍rùwǔ 疏忽shūhū (7.2) û[y] 舌面、前、高、圆唇元音 发音时，口微开，圆唇(近椭圆)略向前突，舌头前伸，舌面前部略隆起，舌尖抵住下齿背，声带振动。软腭上升，关闭鼻腔通路。 发音例词: 聚居jùjū 区域qūyù 屈居qūjū 须臾xūyú 序曲xùqǔ 语序yǔxù ? in[in] 发音时，起点元音是前高不圆唇元音i，舌尖抵住下齿背，软腭上升，关闭鼻腔通路。从舌位最高的前元音i开始，舌面升高，舌面前部抵住硬腭前部，当两者将要接触时，软腭下降，打开鼻腔通路，紧接着舌面前部与硬腭前部闭合，使在口腔受到阻碍的气流从鼻腔透出。开口度几乎没有变化，舌位动程很小。 发音例词: 近邻jånlæn 拼音pÿnyÿn 信心xånxÿn 辛勤xÿnqæn 引进yǐnjån 濒临bÿnlæn (8) ûn[yn] 发音时，起点元音是前高圆唇元音û[y]。与in的发音过程基本相同，只是唇形变化不同。从圆唇的前元音û开始，唇形从圆唇逐步展开，而in的唇形始终是展唇。 发音例词: 军训jūnxùn 均匀jūnyún 芸芸yúnyún 群众qúnzhçng 循环xúnhuán 允许yǔnxǔ 三、平舌音与翘舌音 ? 舌尖前音 z c s 又叫平舌音，是由舌尖与上齿背构成阻碍而发出的音。 ? 舌尖后音 zh ch sh r 又叫翘舌音，是由舌尖与硬腭前部构成阻碍而发出的音。 11 er[ ] 卷舌、央、中、不圆唇元音 risk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management requirements pre-loan investigation pre-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, bank information system query-related personnel, and so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators should work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts such as loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these signed transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should retain the borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other information. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it carefully, and keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false information to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should carefully verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but should also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as the main source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no ability to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an object to have a specific professional restrictions er[ ]是在[?]的基础上加上卷舌动作而成。发音时，口腔自然打开(是a[Α]的开口度的一半)，扁唇，舌头居中央，舌尖向硬腭中部上卷(但不接触)，声带振动。软腭上升，关闭鼻腔通路。 发音例词: 而且ãrqiþ 儿歌ãrgý 耳朵þrduō 二胡ârhú 二十ârshæ 儿童ãrtèng 12 -i(前) 舌尖、前、高、不圆唇元音 发音时，口微开，扁唇，嘴角向两边展开，舌头平伸，舌尖靠近上齿背，声带振动。软腭上升，关闭鼻腔通路。z、c、s的发音拉长，拉长的部分即是-i(前)的读音。 发音例词: 私自sÿzå 此次cǐcå 次子cåzǐ 字词zåcæ 自私zåsÿ 孜孜zÿzÿ (12) -i(后) 舌尖、后、高、不圆唇元音 发音时，口微开，扁唇，嘴角向两边展开，舌尖上翘，靠近硬腭前部，声带振动。软腭上升，关闭鼻腔通路。zh、ch、sh的发音拉长，拉长的部分即是-i(后)的读音。 发音例词: 支持zhÿchæ 知识zhÿshi 制止zhåzhǐ 值日zhærå 试实施shæshÿ 制shåzhå。 小结: 雷州人说普通话的难辨音: (1)lanya蓝牙---狼牙langya (2)调琴tiaoqin---调情tiaoqing (3) 网址wangzhi---蚊子wenzi (4) 尽头jintou---镜头jingtou (5)生日shengri----深入shenru (6)女人nuren---拟人niren (7)喉结houjie---豪杰haojie (8)烂漫lanman---浪漫langman (9)楼房loufang---牢房laofang---劳烦laofan (10)怡yi---愉yu (11)组织zuzhi---蜘蛛zhizhu (12)欧ou---凹ao (13)糙cao---超chao---凑cou---抽chou (14)若ruo---肉rou---热re (15)言yan---员yuan---然ran---人ren risk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management requirements pre-loan investigation pre-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, bank information system query-related personnel, and so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators should work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts such as loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these signed transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should retain the borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other information. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it carefully, and keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false information to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should carefully verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but should also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as the main source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no ability to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an object to have a specific professional restrictions (16)主zhu---阻zu---指zhi---仔zi 只要你能清晰地分辨地读出来，你的普通话就标准了。练练 吧～ risk managers with two account manager to deal with the above key. Section I of chapter III risk management requirements pre-loan investigation pre-loan investigation should double handle. Pre-loan investigation dominated by field investigations on the ground, while utilizing credit enquiries, telephone enquiries, bank information system query-related personnel, and so on. Interview system of Bank's strict application of the system of personal credit business interview. Investigators should work with borrowers, to the repayment or the guarantor credit business, such as parties and the spouse of confirmed acts such as loans, guarantees, verification of its authenticity and its rights and obligations in the credit business, retain these signed transcript of the interview, from the first step to prevent false loans and other business risks. Investigator should retain the borrower sign a personal loan application, loan applications should be clearly the amount, purpose, duration and other information. Investigators should follow the practice for information collection and verification of data authenticity it carefully, and keep copies, photocopies must be checked against the original agreement, effectively preventing borrowers using false information to apply for credit. Income and occupation, and other key information to verify authenticity investigators should carefully verifying the borrower's income. To income as the main source of repayment, subject to proof of income is required, but should also audit payroll flowing water, and staff than the peer confirmed the authenticity of the same type; operating income as the main source of repayment, and should refer to the working capital loans required to verify real incomes, accuracy; guard no ability to repay or guarantee of the ability of the borrower, guarantor to obtain credit. Given that some products for an object to have a specific professional restrictions