电影金陵13钗背景（Jinling Movie 13 hairpin background）

电影金陵13钗背景（Jinling Movie 13 hairpin background） 电影金陵13钗背景(Jinling Movie 13 hairpin background) The novel "The Flowers Of War" is based on the Yan Geling years ago a novella expansion works, Yan Geling introduced novel called "The Flowers Of War", because "thirteen" is an ominous figure, indicates that the protagonist, the city of Nanjing and the Chinese nation's tragic life. "I have always been very concerned about the Nanjing massacre, and there are overseas Chinese gatherings commemorating the massacre every year abroad. I often go there.". Every time I have to have a kind of impulse, is particularly want to write a novel about the Nanjing massacre, but really I could also write write the Holocaust, I must create a beautiful story, one is cruel, one is beautiful. Later, I found the Jinling Women's University Dean Vautrin diary of a record, Nanjing fell, all women took refuge in Jinling University, Japanese require them to hand over 100 women, otherwise we will be stationed in the school, then there are more than 20 prostitutes stand out, female students don't have bad luck, bud this is the story." For five years, spent six hundred million yuan to build the new Zhang Yimou movie "The Flowers Of War" 15 world premieres, coincides with the 74th anniversary anniversary of the Nanjing massacre, in which the national film and scars together become the focus expected. The film is adapted from the novel "the thirteen beauties of Jinling", which tells about the fate and fate of more than a dozen church girls and a group of brothel girls and several wounded soldiers who crawled out of the dead during the Nanjing massacre. What kind of novel is "Jinling thirteen hairpin"? Has this story really happened in history? The invaders had committed a great sin, not be punished? The movie "The Flowers Of War", an American female students participated in the rescue of the trapped action, his figure, reflects the history of the city of Nanjing in the occasion, a number of foreigners to protect innocent refugees, especially women's safety, and made outstanding contribution. Among them, the 51 year old American missionary Minni Weitling and German John Rabe jointly initiated the establishment of the "Nanjing security zone", they were left behind "Vautrin's diary" and "Rabe's diary" that bloody history has become one of the most direct and effective evidence. "Vautrin diary" recorded in the novel is not only the "The Flowers Of War" creative material, is copying the complaint. "Safe zone"" Brutism Shanghai, August 17 three "after the incident, the Japanese army from mid August to the Nanjing daily air strikes. At that time, most of the teachers and students of Jinling Women's arts and science college had been evacuated to the rear, and 4 teachers and 11 staff members who had volunteered to stay had formed the left behind committee. Among them, Weitling, Dean of the Department of education, acted as the acting president. She received the withdrawal notice of the Embassy of the United States 4 times. She wrote in her diary that it was her duty to take on a mission, "as in danger, men should not abandon ships, and women should not abandon their children."". At this point, the voluntary stay in Nanjing, in addition to Weitling, there are more than 20 people in Europe and America, mostly missionaries, professors, doctors or businessmen. They hope to set up a security zone in Nanjing, in accordance with the Shanghai model, to provide shelter for civilians. November 15th, The International Committee of the Nanjing security zone, consisting of 7 Americans, 3 Germans, 4 Britons and 1 Danes, was established. Germany SIEMENS limited Nanjing office responsible person, but also in the Nazi party leader John Rabe was elected president of Nanjing. In November 22nd, the Nanjing national government officially issued "capital Chongqing declaration", the Nanjing safety zone was formally established. It Zhongshan Road East, West to Xikang Road, South Hanzhoung Road, north to Shanxi road and Zhongshan North Road area, covers an area of about 3.86 square kilometers. Italy and the United States Embassy, Jinling University, Jinling Women's Liberal Arts Institute and other institutions are among them. There are 26 refugee shelters in the safe area. Brutism In the early morning of December 13th, Nanjing fell. According to historians, there were about 500 thousand civilians and 90 thousand Chinese troops in the city at that time. Into the city, the Japanese have 50 thousand. From 8:30 in the morning to 6 pm, Vautrin standing at the school gate, watching thousands of refugees into the campus, face with a frightened look. In order to receive more people in need most, she asked older women to stay at home in order to make room for young women. On this day of the diary, Vautrin wrote: "so far, the school staff and buildings were safe and sound, but we have no fate for the next few days to grasp. Everyone was tired out to the limit." 16 early morning, more than 100 Japanese soldiers to search for Chinese soldiers grounds, broke into Jinling Women's Liberal Arts Institute, set up six machine guns. They were armed with axes and forced to split when they could not reach the open door. The Japanese army went into town for fourth days, and she wrote in her diary: "last night, more than 1000 girls were XX, and only in Jinling Women's arts and science college, more than 100 girls were XX.". Vautrin spends his days in school all over the campus will do with the chicken, duck experiment, milk, jam and crying women teachers in the dorm, back from the hands of the Japanese soldiers. People heard her shouting angrily all the way: "this is an American school."! At that time, a hear sound car, female refugees in Nanjing with mud or pot ash face, but the Japanese soldiers but with a wet towel to wipe the face of the refugees, one by one, to see the beautiful young white was wrapped with a single, and then sent to the truck. In December 17th, another Japanese came to the school to search the Chinese soldiers. They pulled 12 women out of the building. "I will never forget the sight of people kneeling on the side of the road, Marie, Mrs. Cheng and me.". The dead leaves were rustling, the wind was moaning, and the captured women were making a miserable cry." Vautrin wrote in his diary. 24, the day before Christmas, the Japanese came to the school, picked 21 prostitutes". In this case, Weitling's diary contained only a few lines of words. Similar episodes were found in the film "Nanjing Nanjing" and "Jinling thirteen hairpin". Harkin in "Nanjing Requiem" wrote this day happened: The command of the Sixth Division Shoufu Valley logistics department vice minister -- a fat face with with more than 100 Japanese soldiers came to the school to find prostitutes. "I don't know how you can figure out who used to do that," Wei said at last." With wild Laughter: "do not have to worry about the heart. We have a lot of experience in this field, and we can see that they are very accurate." With that look only for "voluntary return", and will pay a good return. Wei finally agreed. But then there were screams everywhere. Originally, in the time with Vautrin dragged here, the outside has begun to arrest people everywhere, being towed are relatively beautiful young women. Jinling eternal life" At most, the Jinling Women's Liberal Arts Institute squeezed more than 10000 refugees. Not only every building is full, but even the cement ground is full of people. In January 1, 1938, Japanese autonomous Committee was set up in Nanjing, the International Committee of the command security zone handed over all administrative power and money, Miliang autonomous committee. In January 28th, Japanese ordered the closure of refugee shelters, limit refugees to go home before February 4th. At the end of the deadline, there were more than 4000 refugees, mostly young girls, at Jinling Women's liberal arts college. Many returned home, ravaged, and returned second days later. Every day there are still women refugees to school, Vautrin braved the pressure holding them. In February 18th, the International Committee of the Nanjing security zone was officially renamed the Nanjing international relief commission. Before returning to the farewell address in Rabe said, "I will never forget how miss Minnie Vautrin, led by 400 women refugees through the course, will these people to the safety of our home, this is just one of the numerous examples." In the great mental ordeal, Wei was suffering from severe depression. She decided to return to the United States for medical treatment. In May 14, 1941, Vautrin returned home after one year, alone in the apartment on the gas Dutch act, at the age of 55. Vautrin was buried in the American state of Michigan snow town section of the cedars, tombstone engraved with Jinling Women's College of Arts and Sciences, also engraved "Jinling eternal life" four Chinese characters. Is there a "Thirteen hairpin" in history? Yan Geling, a novelist, said when he talked about the creation of "the thirteen beauties of Jinling": Both historical facts and emotions The actor appeared on "Jinling thirteen hairpin" press conference In the historical data of the Nanjing massacre, there are not many records about prostitutes, but such things do exist. Sun Yuanliang, a famous actor and father of Qin and Han Dynasties, had been helped by prostitutes." "My aunt Juan was awakened by her menarche, not by the gunfire outside Nanjing in December 12, 1937." Yan Geling, the author of the novel, slowly opened "Jinling thirteen hairpin" with a very private description. In fact, "The Flowers Of War" is a novella, the length is not long, the 40000 characters, tells a story of 1937 -- shocking in Nanjing, several members of the clergy, a church hiding a great lady, hiding in the Church of 13 prostitutes and 6 fleeing war crawled out from the pile of dead men. The novel tells them in this relatively closed space, together to face the worst and most inhuman slaughter ever. When it comes to the creation of "the thirteen beauties of Jinling", Yan Geling said is based on a chapter when Ms. Minni Vautrin in the diary of adaptation, "is the real history, have my own feelings". "More than ten years ago, I was in the United States for the first time in the history of the Nanjing massacre. I found myself reluctant to face the material. I would rather have some details obscure in my mind.". Cruelty does not seem to exist, nor does it seem to exist." Yan Geling recalls. Her mother is from Nanjing. She had asked the mother of the Nanjing massacre memory, the answer is "don't remember what". When she was six, she was told by her elders even if she hadn't seen it. It seems that the elders instinctively put it into memory, and almost become obsessive amnesia." Yan Geling believes that no nation like Chinese optimistic, don't hold a grudge: "it is because our whole nation has not rational to treat themselves by a series of injuries, Japanese for their sadism is never sincere apology." "I think I'll write stories about the Nanjing massacre, too. Of course, political and diplomatic to uphold justice, but more importantly, we are civil, ideological. If we are not so good to speak, do not bypass in unpleasant history, from enforced amnesia to compulsive memory, and remember the history of those who cannot bear to look back, our nation is healthy!" In the postscript "The Flowers Of War" in Yan Geling writes. "The Flowers Of War" describes 13 prostitutes for their sacrifice, save the female students is true? "Vautrin's diary" records: "in December 24th 10, a Japanese division, a senior military adviser goes out, pick out the requirements of 100 prostitutes from 10 thousand refugees (for comfort women). They believe that if they were to arrange a legitimate place for the Japanese soldiers, the soldiers would no longer harass innocent women. When they promised that they would not take away the good women, we allowed them to choose, and during that time the counselor sat in my office. After a long time, they finally found 21 people." At the time, Wei was the acting president of Jinling Women's Art College in Nanjing. The school houses more than ten thousand women and children. Vautrin diaries did not give a detailed account of how the 21 prostitutes were chosen, and no one knew how they came from. Yan Geling explained his motivation of creation, during the Nanjing massacre of 80 thousand women was XX, so that history in the west is called "Nanjing XX". In fact, this is an alien for a nation to psychological XX from the body, it is more cruel than the slaughter. Historians have given a more positive answer to the stories described in "the thirteen beauties of Jinling". "After the fall of Nanjing, there were instances of prostitutes helping the Japanese soldiers in the war of resistance. Sun Yuanliang, a famous actor and father of Qin and Han Dynasties, had been helped by prostitutes." Professor of Nanjing Normal University and expert on Nanjing massacre said in an interview with Hong sheng. After the fall of Nanjing, Sun Yuanliang once disguised himself in a brothel and survived. Later, with the help of prostitutes and related personnel, he fled to the safe area. Jing Hong said. The Nanjing massacre has been at large since the United States pledged not to try Japanese Royals Hundred demon: towards the palace Yan Jiu It is generally believed that after the war by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East Iwane Matsui war criminals sentenced to be hanged, while Matsui deserved it, but the real command of the Massacre Japanese, the Japanese Imperial Palace is the prince of Yan Jiu chao. Who is the real culprit extremely brutal Nanjing massacre? People are generally considered to be the first class war criminals Iwane Matsui hanged by the Far East International Military Court after the war. "In December 13, 1937, when the Japanese army invaded Nanjing, the prisoner ordered a massacre of the city of Nanjing," wrote the Chinese War Crimes Commission's crimes against Iwane Matsui......" Matsui is worthy of the name of the war criminals, he served as ambassador to Harbin's spy agency long, Shanghai army commander, central army commander, is the supreme commander of the Japanese captured Nanjing, was sentenced to death is deserved. But in the fall of Nanjing when the real action is the Japanese command, the Japanese royal family members at the prince of Yan Jiu palace. Published in January this year, "archives of spring and Autumn" magazine published Yu Yunyao's signature article, to disclose the historical facts. After December 2, 1937 designated as a central army commander Matsui, admonished before attacking Nanjing: Nanjing is the capital of Chinese soldiers, captured the capital of world events, we must carefully study. When did the idea of Matsui massacre and preparation, he executed the policy or in the army he accepted the appointment of commander, to prime minister Konoe Aya said: "there is no other way, only take Nanjing, breaking the Jiang Jieshi regime, this is what I have to do." On the same day, lieutenant general in the palace when Yan was appointed Shanghai dove army commander, December 7th Nanjing rushed to the front. In the palace Molina Yan rushed to the battlefield after listening to the report, which will soon signed a "secret, destroy after reading". This command immediately to be carried out in Nanjing city after breaking, and the Holocaust intensified. Sixteenth division division commander Nakajima Imasago (he served as commander of the Nanjing garrison occupied Nanjing) the day in the fall of Nanjing, has recorded the execution of this command in the diary: "because the policy is generally not captured, so decided to solve all rushed to the corner." In the palace also ordered subordinates to change Matsui commands, let all the Japanese army entered the city, arrange accommodation, and further expand the Holocaust atrocities. According to the records of "judgment" Far East International Military Tribunal on the Japanese massacre crime in Nanjing and "Showa fifty years history" in the book: "Matsui before December 17th due to illness in the rear area, the 17 day held into the city square to parade, held on 18 of the Japanese war dead deceasedpersons." The first four days of the great massacre in the city after breaking the most brutal, Matsui in the city sits, at the palace in command. Matsui in Nanjing city for 5 to 7 days to go to the rear, but in the past few days he did not stop the Japanese atrocities; and after the fall of Nanjing, he had heard the Japanese atrocities in the city in the rear, also heard of many foreign governments protested, "but he did not take any the effective way to improve this kind of situation", "The performance" he is negligent of these obligations, so the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in the judgment that he bears criminal responsibility". In the palace is in the capture of Nanjing Yan Jiu shortly before was appointed to the front command, the Japanese Supreme Command has established good strategy through the cruel blow to Nanjing, the collapse of Chinese people's Anti Japanese morale, forcing him to capitulate. In the palace Molina faithfully convey Yan and the implementation of the strategy of spirit. It is in the palace of the prince of Yan Jiu command field consciously killings, he is the culprit, arch-criminal Nanjing massacre true. After the Japanese surrender, in order to avoid trial, Japan first will be the original members of the royal family with important military transferred from the army, with the consent of Macarthur, eventually won the U.S. government "no trial emperor and members of the royal family" commitment. In this way, the Nanjing massacre at the palace, was able to escape the death penalty, all day long to enjoy golf unpunished, until April 12, 1981 die, live 94 years! This article is made up of network data, just to let more people understand this history.