初中英语音标教学

nullnullThe First LessonI’m happy, lucky to help you learn the most interesting subject -----EnglishWelcome to our schoolnullTo learn English well, you must learn1. International phonetic symbols(音标) 2. Words and expressions 3. Sentence patterns 4. Grammar rulesnullWhat am I going to do for you?To give you some directions, help you learn, check your schoolwork.What are you going to do in and after class? To be active (in class activities). To be brave (to speak, ask and answer). To be careful (with your work).nullShall we have some class rules in our English lessons?Don’t be late for school or class. No eating or drinking in class. No sleeping in class. No talking when someone is speaking. No laughing when someone makes a mistake. 6. No fighting in class. 7.Hand in your homework on time……null* Be on time. Be quiet when the teacher comes. * Take your textbook, a notebook, (a writing pad) a black pen and a red pen. * Listen carefully in class. * Always put up your hand before you want to say something. nullThe Alphabetnullnull英语语音专nullInternational Phonetic symbols（国际音标）What are phonetic symbols?What are phonetic symbols?the system or pattern of speech sounds used in a particular language语音最小单位是音素。语言的语音都是由四十八个不同的音素相互组合而成的。nullnullHow many phonetic symbols are there?How many phonetic symbols are there?null短元音 [ i ] – i, e, y, ey…is, English, busy, money His little sister is sitting in the middle. [כ] – o, a shop, sorry, watch, what he little pot is so hot. [u] – oo football, wood, classroom, book Look at the cookbook. It’s really good. [ə] – er, a, e clever, ruler, panda, open The farmer’s sister is a doctor.null短元音 [Λ] – o, u love, colour, us, duck Come to the front on the double. [ e ] – e, ea, ai … red, then, head, again Good, better, best. Never let it rest. Till good is better. And better best. [ æ ] – a hat, bag, can, apple Cat, cat! Catch that black rat!nullnull[ ei ] – a, ai, ay, ea, ei Rain, rain go away. Little Johnny wants to play. [ ai] – i, y Out of sight, out of mind. [כi ]—oy, oi Soybean oil is my choice. [əu] – o, oa, ow, Go and open the window, Joe, and show me the photo. [au] – ou, ow I found a mouse in the house. game, rain, play, greatfive, idea, try, goodbyeboy, toy, point, oilold, hello, coat, showabout, round, down, town双元音null [iə] – ear, eer, ea We are near the end of the year. [ɛə] – ere, air, are, eir Where there is a will, there is a way. [uə] – ure, our It’s sure to be good for the tourists. Poor tour!hear, year, deer, reallythere, chair, careful, theirsure, tour, poor, Februarynull元音 vowels (20个) 1. 前元音 [ i:] – e, ee, ea, ie, ei, eo… A: Tea or coffee? B: Tea for Lee and coffee for me, please. [ i ] – i, e, y, ey… His little sister is sitting in the middle. [ e ] – e, ea, ai … Good, better, best. Never let it rest. Till good is better. And better best. [ æ ] – a Cat, cat! Catch that black rat! he see, read, piece, ceiling, peopleis, English, busy, moneyred, then, head, againhat, bag, can, appleCompareCompare it--eat 2. live—leave 3. fill—feel 4. seat—sit 5. tree—trip 6. bit—bee 7. sheep—ship 8. deed—did 9. live—leave 10. feed—fit 11. pea—pit 12. rid—read 13. street—strict 14. sleep—slip CompareComparebet--bat 2. pat—pet 3. bag—beg 4. sat—set 5. neck--lack 6. sad—said 7. bad—bed 8. dad—dead 9. lad—led 10. fad—fed null[ ə ] – er, a, e The farmer’s sister is a doctor. [ ə:] – ir, ur or The early bird catches the worm first. [Λ] – o, u Come to the front on the double. clever, ruler, panda, opengirl, shirt, purple, worklove, colour, us, duck中元音Read the wordsearth nurse skirt learn her wordRead the wordsear(不单独出现时) ur ir er or[ :]nullPhrases[ə:] A dirty skirthurt a birdLearn to workworse and worseRead the wordsago again address hundred parent license water August banana today colour policemanRead the words a e er o our 在非重读音节中[ə] null[]PhrasesSooner or laterAutumn and AugustWorker and farmerabout the picture of the teachernull [a:] – ar, a… It’s far to the farm from the park. [כ ] – o, a The little pot is so hot. [ כ: ]—or, a, au, ar My daughter who’s forty-four is a lawyer. [u] – oo Look at the cookbook. It’s really good. [u:] – oo, u, ou, oe… How do you do? You look really cool.shop, sorry, watch, whatmorning, call, autumn, warmfootball, wood, classroom, booksoon, ruler, soup, shoehalf, class, park, hard后元音nullCompare [Λ] [a:]cut--cart 2. luck—lark 3.duck—dark 4. tough—task 5.mud—mark 6. bus—bath 7. far—fun 8. shut—shark nullnullCompare [] []pot--port 2. lot—lord 3. not—north 4. fox—forks 5.shot—short 6. wok—walk 7. spot—sport 8. cock—caught Compare[] [ə] Compare[] [ə] walk — work short—shirt warm—word door---dirt sore--- sir cause---curd null_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [ i:] [ i ] [ e ] [æ][a:] [ɔ:] [ɔ] [u:] [u]Λ [ ] [ə:] [ə ]单元音 vowels (12个)双元音双元音null[ ei ] – a, ai, ay, ea, ei Rain, rain go away. Little Johnny wants to play. [ ai] – i, y Out of sight, out of mind. [כi ]—oy, oi Soybean oil is my choice. [əu] – o, oa, ow, Go and open the window, Joe, and show me the photo. [au] – ou, ow I found a mouse in the house. game, rain, play, greatfive, idea, try, goodbyeboy, toy, point, oilold, hello, coat, showabout, round, down, townRead the wordsface same game play waste hate late hay complain famous Read the wordsI life quiet mind price night die shy white lie highnullPhrases[ei] hate to be latesave her facenever wastemet the first ladynull[ai]Phrasesthe blue skyin the countrysidethe biting windOut of sight ,out of mindnull[ai] 写法________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 [→2 [ ai →3 [ai ]Read the wordsroad coat goat boat load cold smoke go home hope Read the wordshow about shout cow loud mouse ground hour crown mouthnullPhrases[əu] Gold Coast make a toast be all bonesthe local languagenullPhrases[au] go for an outing between ourselves read aloudout of datenull[au]________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________写法 1 [→2 [au →3 [au]Learn the phrasesLearn the phrases toil and moil a spoiled boy Annoying noise live for enjoymentRead the wordsRead the words Boys and girls, please pay attention to “ oy ”! boy toy joy soy annoying employ Read the wordsRead the wordsNow please pay attention to “ oi ”! oil soil boil coin point noise null [iə] – ear, eer, ea We are near the end of the year. [Èə] – ere, air, are, eir Where there is a will, there is a way. [uə] – ure, our It’s sure to be good for the tourists. Poor tour!hear, year, deer, reallythere, chair, careful, theirsure, tour, poor, Februarynull [ɛə]写法________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 [→2 [ɛə →3 [ɛə ]Read the wordsRead the words[iə] ear dear hear tear fear clear here beer sneer peer [Èə] pear wear where dare care share bare rare hair flair fair stair repair Read the phrases [iə]Read the phrases [iə] come here drink the beer very clear fear nothing here and there Cheering with tearsLearn the phrasesLearn the phrases share your banana with monkey eat a lot of pears a rare metal run barefoot at the trade fair Read the words [uə]Read the words [uə] sure unsure brochure poor moor tourTongue TwisterTongue Twister Sure sure sure, Poor poor poor, I’m sure you know I’m poor, So I can’t go to make a tour.null_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [iə] [ɛə] [uə] [ei ] [ai] [əu] [au] [ɔi] [i:] [i] [e] [æ] [a:] [ ] [ə:] [ə] [ɔ:] [ɔ] [u:] [u]Λ元音 vowels (20个)辅音28个辅音28个null辅音 Consonants (28个) 1.爆破音 [p] Practice makes perfect. [b] Barry found a big bug on her bed. [t] This is a hat, that’s a cap. [d] The doorman told David to go down. [k] Don’t kit the kitten. [g] A good beginning makes a good ending.null [p] [b] pay --- bay pear – bear pen --- Ben pig --- big [p] [b] cap --- cab lap --- lab tap --- tab rope --- robenull[t] [d] town – down tie – die tear – dear touch – Dutch [t] [d] bent – bend right – ride lent – lend bet – bed 两清辅音一起时，后一个清辅音变成浊辅音，或叫浊化[sp] →[sb] [st] →[sd] [ sk] →[sg]两清辅音一起时，后一个清辅音变成浊辅音，或叫浊化[sp] →[sb] [st] →[sd] [ sk] →[sg]speak spit spy study star start sky school screennull[k] [g] Kate – gate card – guard could – good coat – goat [k] [g] pick – pig flak – flag back – bag Lock – log null2.鼻音 [ m ] May I have some milk, mum? [ n ] Nora knows the new comer. [ ŋ ] Lingling is listening to the song.Compare n [ n ] ng /nk [ ŋ] in—ink sin-sing thin---thing than—thank son---song null3.摩擦音 [f] If you buy fish, make sure it’s fresh. [v] Victor is very clever. [  ] Thank you for your table cloth. [ ð ] Those are far and these are near. [ s ] Sandy has a new swimming suit. [ z ] What size of shoes does Daisy wear?null[  ] sure, she, social, nation  Wash the fish, please. [ ʒ ] pleasure,  television George measured the garage with pleasure. [ h ] have hot, who whole hate house Helen holds her hands. [ r ] read, write,  wrong Are you ready to read? null 4.破擦音 [ t ] He teaches children how to play chess. [d ] John likes to tell jokes. [ tr ] There’re lots of trucks in the street. [ dr ] He likes strong drinks. [ ts ] The students are wearing white shirts. [dz] Take away your dirty hands. ʒnull5) 舌边音: [l] land, world  如果在后面 读[ ł ] little, middle, castle，puzzle What a beautiful bicycle! 6) 半元音: [ w ] wall, what, answer  The homework every week is very hard. [ j ] yes  yellow year Yes, your yellow skirt is wet.null light night right lock knock rock lot not rot lead need read lice nice rice compare:null1. Red lorry, yellow lorry, red lorry, yellow lorry. 2. Let’s look for leaves in the large lake with a long ladder. Tongue twisters成音节[m]，[n]，[l]成音节[m]，[n]，[l]英语辅音字母中有 3 个辅音[m]，[n]，[l]是响音，它们和辅音音素结合，也可构成音节，也叫成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾，一般是非重读音节。如： apple [`æpl] ， table [`teibl]， middle [`midl], little [`litl]， garden [`ga:dn]，lesson [`lesn], physical [`fisikl] ， realism [`ri:lizm] 等等。 null_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [ p] [ b ] [ t ] [d ] [ k ] [ g ] [ f ] [v] [s][z] [ h] [w] [ j ][ ] [ ] [t ] [d ]ʒʒ[ tr ][dr] [ts][dz] [m] [n] [ŋ] [ l ] [ r ][ ] [ ]ðθnullParts of speech 词类 / 词性名词 noun (n.) ～人和事物的名称 代词 pronoun (pron.) ～代替名词的词 形容词adjective (adj.) ～修饰名词的词 数词numeral (num.) ～表示多少和第几的词 动词 verb (v.) ～表示动作和状态 副词 adverb [adv.] ～修饰动词 ,形容词和副词的词 冠词article (art.) ～说明名词所指的人或物 介词 preposition（prep.）～表示名词与其它词的关系 连词conjunction (conj.) ～连接词、短语和句子的词 感叹词interjection (inter.) ～表示感情的词nullSentence patterns Simple sentence 简单句 I like apples. Jane and I often swim in summer. He comes and says hello to me every day.Compound sentence 并列句 We help them and they help us.Complex sentence 复合句 He said that he would visit you.null1. Declarative sentence 陈述句 My bag is pink.2. Interrogative sentence 疑问句 What colour is your bag?3. Imperative sentence 祈使句 Let’s begin.4. Exclamatory sentence 感叹句 What a fine day it is today!Typesnull常用句型1. There be (is / are) + 名词 [+介词短语] There is a tree in front of the house. There are some flowers in the vase. 2. 1) 主语(n.& pron.)＋谓语(vi.) + 状语(adv./prep.短语) This machine works well. 2) 主语＋连系动词(link v.)＋表语(a./ad./ prep.短语) My bag is pink. You are a doctor. 3) 主语＋谓语(vt.) ＋宾语(n.& pron.) I have an English book. null否定结构 be + not 助动词 do, does, did, will等＋not+实义动词一般疑问句把 be, have和助动词 放在主语前 Are you listening to me? Have you any ball-pens? Do you enjoy sports?特殊疑问句用疑问代词 /疑问副词： who, whose, which, what, where what time/ when, why, hownull1. What refers to things. What is your favorite sport? 2. Where refers to places. Where do you live? 3. When refers to times. When do you get up everyday? 4. How old refers to ages. How old are you? 5. How many refers to numbers. How many people are there in your family? nullSimon lives in Newcastle upon Tyne. Edwin works as an architect. Simon wants to be an engineer. Simon parents own a Chinese restaurant. May is 12 years old. May has an elder sister and a younger brother. My favorite hobby is playing the piano. I want to be a teacher when I grow up. Simon writes a letter to his pen friend. I go to bed at 10:00pm. everyday.WhereWhatWhatWhatHow oldWhatWhatWhatWhoWhat timenullHomework Learn the sounds by heart. Preview the new lesson.nullA Questionnaire1.What language can you speak? 2.How long have you learnt English? 3.Do you think it easy to learn English? 4.What do you think is the most difficult to learn English well? 5.Do you find it interesting to learn English? 6.Why do you learn English? 7.What kind of English teacher do you want Miss Chen to be?