美国课件6 军事 科技等

nullToday’s USToday’s USLecturer: Qin JieAimsAimsGet to know about the US foreign relations Get to know about the US military status quo Get to know about the US economy Get to know about the US languageForeign relationsForeign relationsThe United States exercises global economic, political, and military influence. It is a permanent member of the UN Security Council and New York City hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Almost all countries have embassies in Washington, D.C., and many host consulates around the country. Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Bhutan, Sudan do not have formal diplomatic relations with the United States.Closely related countriesClosely related countriesThe United States enjoys a special relationship with the United Kingdom and strong ties with Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Israel, and fellow NATO members. It also works closely with its neighbors through the Organization of American States and free trade agreements such as the trilateral North American Free Trade Agreement with Canada and Mexico. nullGeorge W. Bush (right) with Gordon BrownnullMilitary PowerMilitary PowerThe US Department of Defense administers the armed forces, including the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. The Coast Guard is run by the Department of Homeland Security in peacetime and the Department of the Navy in time of war. Military service is voluntary, though conscription may occur in wartime. American forces can be rapidly deployed globally. Military PowerMilitary PowerOutside of the US, the military is deployed to 770 bases and facilities, on every continent except Antarctica. The extent of this global military presence has prompted scholars to describe the US as maintaining an "empire of bases.“ Total U.S. military spending is almost half of global military spending. Economy Economy The United States has a capitalist economy, fueled by abundant natural resources, a well-developed infrastructure, and high productivity. Canada, China, Mexico, Japan, and Germany are its top trading partners. Economic featuresEconomic featuresThe private sector constitutes the bulk of the economy. The economy is postindustrial, with the service sector contributing 67.8% of GDP. The United States remains an industrial power, with chemical products the leading manufacturing field.Economic featuresEconomic featuresIt is the world's number one producer of electrical and nuclear energy. While agriculture accounts for just under 1% of GDP, the United States is the world's top producer of corn and soybeans. The New York Stock Exchange is the world's largest by dollar volume. Coca-Cola and McDonald's are the two most recognized brands in the world. nullWall Street is home to the New York Stock Exchange EconomyEconomyIncome gains since 1980 have been slower than in previous decades, less widely shared, and accompanied by increased economic insecurity. Median household income has increased for all classes since 1980. Wealth is highly concentrated: The richest 10% of the adult population possesses 69.8% of the country's wealth. The top 1% possesses 33.4% of net wealth.Science and technology Science and technology The United States has been a leader in scientific research and technological innovation since the late 19th century. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone. Thomas Edison's lab developed the phonograph, the first long-lasting light bulb, and the first viable movie camera. Science and technology Science and technology In the early 20th century, the automobile companies of Ransom E. Olds (General Motors) and Henry Ford pioneered the assembly line. The Wright brothers, in 1903, made the first sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight. Science and technology Science and technology The rise of Nazism in the 1930s led many European scientists, including Albert Einstein, to immigrate to the United States. During World War II, the Manhattan Project developed nuclear weapons, ushering in the Atomic Age. The Space Race produced rapid advances in rocketry, materials science, and computers. The United States largely developed the Internet.Science and technology Science and technology The United States leads the world in scientific research papers and impact factor. Americans possess high levels of technological consumer goods. The country is the primary developer and grower of genetically modified food; more than half of the world's land planted with biotech crops is in the United States. null Apollo 11 moon landing mission on July 20, 1969. On this mission, Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin descended to the lunar surface. (That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.) TransportationTransportationAs of 2003, there were 759 automobiles per 1,000 Americans. The U.S. intercity passenger rail system is relatively weak. Only 9% of total U.S. work trips use mass transit, compared to 38.8% in Europe. The civil airline industry is entirely privatized, while most major airports are publicly owned. American Airlines is number one airline in the world. nullInterstate 80, the second-longest U.S. Interstate highway, runs from California to New Jersey EnergyEnergyEnergy consumption per capita is 7.8 tons of oil equivalent per year, compared to Germany's 4.2 tons. In 2005, 40% of this energy came from petroleum, 23% from coal, and 22% from natural gas. The remainder was supplied by nuclear power and renewable energy sources. The United States is the world's largest consumer of petroleum. nullBenjamin FranklinUlysses Simpson Grant nullLanguageLanguageEnglish is the de facto national language. There is no official language at the federal level. In 2005, about 216 million, or 81% of the population aged five years and older, spoke only English at home. Spanish, spoken by 12% of the population at home, is the second most common language and the most widely taught foreign language.LanguageLanguageBoth Hawaiian and English are official languages in Hawaii by state law. New Mexico has both English and Spanish, as Louisiana does for English and French. California mandates the publication of Spanish versions of certain government documents. Several insular territories grant official recognition to their native languages, along with English: Samoan and Chamorro are recognized by Samoa and Guam, respectively; Spanish is an official language of Puerto Rico.SportsSportsSince the late 19th century, baseball has been regarded as the national sport; American football, basketball, and ice hockey are the country's three other leading professional team sports. Boxing and horse racing were once the most watched individual sports, but they have been eclipsed by golf and auto racing. Soccer is played widely at the youth and amateur levels and is growing in popularity as a professional spectator sport. Tennis and many outdoor sports are popular as well.nullSportsSportsBasketball, volleyball, skateboarding, and snowboarding are American inventions. Lacrosse and surfing arose from Native American and Native Hawaiian activities that predate Western contact. Eight Olympic Games have taken place in the United States. AssignmentAssignmentMake a detailed study on the subprime mortgage crisis which caused the world economic recession in 2008. Make a brief survey of the US-China relations.