数学名词翻译

數學名詞翻譯 1. arithmetic  science of numbers 2. notation    writing numbers 3. numeration  reading numbers 4. Arabic numeration 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5. addition（加法）：75+23+16=114  75.23.16（addend）114（sum）+（plus） 6. subtraction（減法）：15-8=7  15（minuend）8（subtrahend）7（difference）-（  ） 7. multiplication（乘法）multiplying：58×27=406+1160=1566  58.27（factor）406.1160（partial product）  1566（product）×（times cross） 8. division（除法）dividing：352784÷437=807…125  352784（dividend）437（divisor）807 （quotient 商） 125（remainder 餘）  check（驗算） estimate （估商） 9. rounding number（概數）：if determining digit is 5 or more round up，if determining digit is less then 5， round down to nearest digit。 10. commas  ones  tens  hundreds（units）one thousands  ten thousands  hundred thousands（thousands） one millions  ten millions  hundred millions （millions） one billions  ten billions  hundred billions（billions） 11. linear measures ：kilometer hectometer decameter meter decimeter centimeter millimeter 公（里引丈尺寸分釐） 12. measure of capacity：kiloliter hectoliter deciliter liter deciliter centiliter milliliter 公（秉石斗升合勺撮） 13. measure of time：1000years=millennium 100years=century 20years=score 10yaers=decade 12months=1year 366days=1 leap year 365days=1year =about 52weeks 7days=1week 24hours=1day 60minutes=1hour 60seconds=1minutes 14. measure of weight：kilogram hectogram decagram gram decigram centigram milligram 公（噸擔衡斤兩錢克） 15. converting measure（轉換單位）：multiply or divide by conversion rules and conversion factors 16. converting metric measure（公制單位）：mutiply or divide by 10，convert from larger to smaller  each step taken to the right 17. divisibility rules： a number is divisible by 2，if it is an even number 3，if sum of the digits is divisible by 3 4，if last two digits are divisible by 4 5，if it ends in 0 or 5 6，if it is even and divisible by 3 9，if sum of the digits is divisible by 9 18. Pairs of factors（因素分解）：factors means all the numbers that will divide without a remainder  into a number 19. greateat common factor（gcf最大公因數）：common factor is a factor that is shared by two or more numbers，the largest factor is gcf 20. prime to each other （互質）：numbers share only the common factor of 1 21. prime number （質數）：no factor except for 1 and itself 22. composite number （合數）：has other factors beside 1 and itself 23. 1 considered neither prime nor composite：1 不是質數也不是合數 24. prime factor（質因數）：2 is a prime factor of 8 25. fundamental theorem of arithmetic （因數） 26. division by primes（質因數分解）：all the prime factor are found when the quotient is prime 54=2x3x3x3 27. factoring tree：  24 4      6 2    2  2    3 28. least common multiples（lcm最小公倍數）：use the letters l c m to make finding the lcm list-list the prime factors of numbers contest-have a contest to find which number has the most of each prime factor multiply-multiply the prime factors from the contest multiply all the different factors is the smallest multiple that is shared by two or more numbers 29. exponents（指數）：4=2?2=22 is read two squared and two is used as factor twice，23 is read two cubed 24is read two to the fourth power，exponents are small numbers written a little to the right and above a number（called the base 底數） 30. fractions（分數）：a fraction is one or more of the equal parts of a whole 31. numerator（分子）：the top number，tells how many equal parts are used 32. denominator （分母）：the bottom number，tells how many equal parts the whole is divided into 33. mixed number（帶分數）：contains a whole number and a fraction 34. equivalent fraction（等值分數）：cross multiplication can check equivalent fraction 35. reduce a fraction to lowest terms（約成最簡分數） 36. proper and improper fractions（真分數和假分數）：proper fraction less then 1，numerator is less then denominator，the numerator of an improper fraction is equal to or greater than the denominator 37. adding or subtracting fractions：keep the common denominator by finding the lcm of the denominator and add or subtracting（borrow 1 from whole number）the numerator 38. multiplying fractions：multiply the numerator together for the product numerator and denominator together for the product denominator 39. cancellation（約分）：simplify fractions before multiplying，canceled numerator and denominator if they have a common factor