美国注册建筑师考试指南PPP_Exam_Guide

RE Programming, Planning & Practice Overview a Knowledge / Skills 1 Sample Multiple-Choice Questions 4 Sample Multiple-Choice Answers 10 Site Zoning Vignette 11 Sample Passing Solution 12 Sample Failing Solution 13 References 14 This document, effective July 2012 supersedes all previous editions of the ARE 4.0 Exam Guide: Programming, Planning & Practice Division. Please check NCARB’s web site, www. ncarb.org, regularly for updates to the ARE 4.0 Exam Guides and for the most current information regarding the ARE. Copyright © 2012 EXAM GUIDE Programming Planning & Practice 85 MC Questions + 1 Vignette OverviewOverview Sample Multiple Choice Questions Site Zoning Vignette References Knowledge/ Skills OVERVIEW aJuly 2012 ARE® 4.0 REProgramming Planning & Practice 85 MC Questions + 1 Vignette Overview Programming, Planning & Practice Content Areas 1. PROGRAMMING & ANALYSIS (24-30 percent of scored items) 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL & ECONOMIC ISSUES (23-29 percent of scored items) 3. CODES & REGULATIONS (10-13 percent of scored items) 4. PROJECT & PRACTICE MANAGEMENT (33-39 percent of scored items) Vignette SITE ZONING Delineate areas suitable for the construction of buildings and other site improvements responding to regulatory restrictions and programmatic requirements. Define a site profile and maximum buildable envelope based on zoning regulations and environmental constraints. DIVISION STATEMENT Apply project development knowledge and skills to architectural programming; environmental, social, and economic issues; building codes and regulations; project and practice management. OVERVIEW Programming Planning & Practice 85 MC Questions + 1 Vignette Overview Sample Multiple Choice Questions Site Zoning Vignette References Knowledge/ Skills 1July 2012 ARE® 4.0 RE 1. PROGRAMMING & ANALYSIS (24-30 percent of scored items) A. Determine client needs and requirements to develop a project plan and program. Content areas include design objectives, site characteristics, spatial and functional relationships, and building systems con- siderations. Based on client needs and professional knowledge establish a preliminary project scope, phasing, budget, and schedule. 1. Architectural Programming Assess client needs using meetings, surveys, and interviews to determine functional relationships, adja- cencies, flexibility, and phasing requirements. Review this information and ascertain an overall scope, budget, and project. 2. Interpreting Existing Site/Environmental Conditions and Data Determine existing site/environmental conditions by compiling data from geotechnical investigations, site surveys, rights-of-ways, roadways, topographic features, utilities, easements, covenants, encroachments, existing buildings, wetlands, archaeological sites, property de- scriptions and other features as required for a complete site analysis. Analyze the information provided and visit site to ascertain suitability and establish site design and master planning objectives. 3. Adaptive Reuse of Buildings and/or Materials Determine whether an existing building should remain, receive an addition, or be remodeled by reviewing exist- ing plans (if available) and performing field documenta- tion as required by the project program. Assess field information and documentation against the program to determine the potential for adaptive reuse, the suit- ability of existing features and systems, the condition and integrity of the structure, the value of finishes and systems, and any potential code concerns. 4 . Space Planning and Facility Planning/Management Review the architectural program, site, and existing buildings (if any) and develop recommendations for facility planning and management. Recommendations should include at least spatial and functional relation- ships, phasing and staging, and building system consideration. 5 . Fixtures, Furniture, Equipment, and Finishes Ascertain and document the client’s special needs re- garding fixtures, furniture, equipment, special systems, and finishes considering impact on space requirements, functional relationships, acoustics, building volume, budget, scheduling, utility requirements, and other programming issues. Programming Planning & Practice 85 MC Questions + 1 Vignette KNOWLEDGE / SKILLS The division has been broken down into a listing of knowledge and skills for each major content area. Programming, Planning & Practice KNOWLEDGE / SKILLS Programming Planning & Practice 85 MC Questions + 1 Vignette Overview Sample Multiple Choice Questions Site Zoning Vignette References Knowledge/ Skills 2July 2012 ARE® 4.0 RE 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL & ECONOMIC ISSUES (23-29 percent of scored items) A. Obtain and review site and building surveys, assess physical, environmental, social, and economic issues on project, and develop design concepts. Design concepts should draw upon basic design principles and historic precedent while responding to sustain- able principles and new material technologies. 1. Regional Impact on Project Determine the impact of regional climactic, ecologi- cal, geotechnical conditions, transportation systems, economics, public facilities, governmental services, pollution (light, air, and noise), and issues related to the project’s conceptualization and delivery. 2. Community-Based Awareness Determine and consider local demographics, values and traditions, future objectives, community fabric, future growth pressures and other social issues that affect the proposed project. 3. Hazardous Conditions and Materials Assess the existing condition of the site and evaluate the potential impact for hazardous materials by reviewing hazardous materials surveys and remediation/mediation recommendations. Consider the potential impact of hazardous materials on the program, scope, and budget of the project. Determine the suitability of the existing site and structures for development, additions, remodel- ing, or reuse, based on hazardous material issues. 4. Design Principles Apply concepts such as form, scale, color, texture, lighting, universal design, spatial organization, and acoustics as well as theories of social interaction, human behavior and visual perception to achieve program- matic design goals. 5. Alternative Energy Systems, New Technologies, and Sustainable Design Incorporate concepts of sustainability and alternative energy systems to minimize the environmental impact of the project. Assess the impact of these concepts on the program, budget, project schedule, and subsequent service phases. 6. Architectural History and Theory Assess local or regional historic context through prec- edents of building types, preservation, stylistic forms, scale, settlement patterns, materials, and other historical issues to determine the effect on proposed project. 3. CODES & REGULATIONS (10-13 percent of scored items) A. Manage the regulatory approval process by identifying, analyzing, and incorporating building codes, specialty codes, zoning, and other regulatory requirements. 1. Government and Regulatory Requirements and Permit Processes Identify regional and local planning issues, design re- views, zoning, building codes, and local ordinances that affect the proposed project. Using these constraints determine the conditions, restraints, and approval pro- cesses that impact the project program, schedule, and schematic design. Programming Planning & Practice 85 MC Questions + 1 Vignette Programming, Planning & Practice KNOWLEDGE / SKILLS Programming Planning & Practice 85 MC Questions + 1 Vignette Overview Sample Multiple Choice Questions Site Zoning Vignette References Knowledge/ Skills 3July 2012 ARE® 4.0 RE 2. Adaptive Reuse of Buildings and/or Materials Identify the codes, restoration standards, and regula- tions that apply to the project program and schematic design when reusing buildings or materials. 3. Specialty Codes and Regulations including Accessibility Laws, Codes and Guidelines Assess the impact of codes and regulations such as the Americans with Disabilities Act, seismic codes, life- safety codes, Fair Housing Act, etc. on the project program and schematic design. 4. PROJECT & PRACTICE MANAGEMENT (33-39 percent of scored items) A. Develop scope of services and project delivery method by assessing project budget and financing, identifying project team members including consul- tants, managing project schedule and design process, assisting with construction procurement, and man- aging legal issues relating to practice including fees, insurance, and professional services contracts. 1. Project Delivery Methods Determine effective project delivery method by explor- ing qualification-based selections, partnering, multiple primes, and other arrangements to assemble the ap- propriate project team (architects, engineers, specialty consultants, etc.). 2. Project Budget Management Manage the project budget based on program require- ments by applying principles of life-cycle costing, value engineering, and other budgetary considerations that affect the project. 3. Project Schedule Management Manage the design team’s ability to execute the project by developing a schedule that accounts for staffing re- quirements, consultant capabilities, etc. 4. Contracts for Professional Services and Contract Negotiation Determine, negotiate, execute and manage the ap- propriate professional services agreements, as well as all interdisciplinary agreements. 5. Construction Procurement Processes Evaluate the affects of applying various procurement processes (e.g. design/bid, design/build, negotiated) to the project and their impact on the program, budget, and schedule. 6. Risk Management and Legal Issues Pertaining to Practice and Contracts Manage potential risk and legal issues pertaining to practice and contracts. Analyze professional and general liability and establish appropriate risk management pro- cedures such as quality control, client selection, insur- ance, conflict resolution, staff training, etc. Programming Planning & Practice 85 MC Questions + 1 Vignette Programming, Planning & Practice KNOWLEDGE / SKILLS 1. After the contract for construction has been awarded, the contractor shall next prepare which of the following for the architect’s review? o A request for payment o A list of materials o A schedule of construction o A lien release 2. According to AIA Document C141-1997 [NPP 9], the consultant’s services should be performed in a coordinated sequence with the o owner o contractor o architect o construction manager 3. Which of the following consultant engineers typically consumes the greatest percentage of project fees on school projects? o Civil o Electrical o Mechanical o Structural 4. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which of the following is true about lead-based paints in an existing building that is being renovated as housing for the elderly? o The lead content concern is less for buildings constructed after 1960. o Occupant health risks are less of a concern if no children will be living in the facility. o The lead paint must be completely removed in areas being renovated. o Contractor health risks are a concern only if the lead paint is sawed, ground, or sandblasted. 5. According to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) [CSA-B651-04] Accessibility Guidelines, curb ramp slopes shall NOT exceed which of the following ratios? o 1:10 o 1:12 o 1:20 o 1:24 6. Which of the following creates the majority of indoor air quality problems? o Inside contamination o Inadequate ventilation o Construction materials o Contamination from the outside Programming Planning & Practice 85 MC Questions + 1 Vignette SAMPLE MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Programming, Planning & Practice 4July 2012 ARE® 4.0 Go to page 10 for answersOverview Sample Multiple Choice Questions Site Zoning Vignette References Knowledge/ Skills 7. Which of the following types of estimates is the most accurate? o Order of magnitude o Square foot and cubic foot o Assemblies system o Unit price takeoff 8. Two professional design firms join together for a project in which both firms are parties to the contract with the owner. This arrangement is known as o an associated firm o a joint venture o partnering o a multiple prime 9. When the architect is analyzing the choice between renovating an existing library or demolishing it and constructing a new library, the architect should first recommend that o a feasibility study be prepared o renovation costs be compared with costs for new construction o the owner obtain community input o the local historical society be consulted 10. Outline specifications written during the programming phase of a project are generally broken down by o rooms o divisions o costs o products 11. Which of the following client categories most often requires the architect to transfer ownership of the architect’s construction documents to the owner/client? o Corporate o Health care o Commercial o Governmental 12. Bid alternates to choose between concrete block and clay masonry, wood and plastic windows, and slate and asphalt shingles are most likely the architect’s attempt to o incorporate energy-saving options o control construction costs o anticipate neighborhood covenants o accommodate various climatic conditions 13. According to The Architect’s Handbook of Professional Practice, a project manager’s first key challenge is to o meet profitability goals o meet contractual obligations o clearly identify the client’s expectations o manage the team members’ judgments and creativity Programming Planning & Practice 85 MC Questions + 1 Vignette SAMPLE MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Programming, Planning & Practice 5July 2012 ARE® 4.0 Go to page 10 for answersOverview Sample Multiple Choice Questions Site Zoning Vignette References Knowledge/ Skills 14. Which of the following plazas in identical urban settings would encourage active public use? o o o o 15. The threshold for sound levels that cause fatigue after prolonged exposure is approximately o 20 db o 50 db o 80 db o 110 db 16. Geotechnical observation reports are usually paid for by the o structural engineer o contractor o architect o owner 17. An architect is asked to design a county courthouse and government center. The architect should advise the client that a detailed program for this project is likely to result in o a more aesthetically pleasing building o a more efficient building o a longer construction duration o higher life-cycle building costs 18. Blocking and stacking within the programming process is most critical when considering o space requirements o special equipment o site limitations o building systems 19. STC ratings as applied to buildings represent the o specified thermal comfort zone o sound transmission class o summer temperature conditions o secure territory controls 20. In order to provide the most effective coordination of the engineering consultant’s work during the construction documents phase of the work, the architect should o call the consultant daily to make sure that progress is being made o meet with the consultant at the beginning and the end of the work period o hold regular weekly or monthly meetings to review the consultant’s progress o send memos of telephone conversations as needed Programming Planning & Practice 85 MC Questions + 1 Vignette SAMPLE MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Programming, Planning & Practice 6July 2012 ARE® 4.0 Go to page 10 for answersOverview Sample Multiple Choice Questions Site Zoning Vignette References Knowledge/ Skills 21. Which of the following is the most important consider- ation when the architect/owner contract is negotiated? o Client background check o Type of consultants o Construction delivery method o Scope of services 22. The object of the programming process is to establish o aesthetics o evaluation of materials o realistic requirements o project financing 23. A municipal impact fee [sewer development fee] assessed on a proposed project o pays for the building permit o offsets local infrastructure improvement costs o is distributed to the owners of neighboring properties o ensures speedy planning board review and approval 24. To resolve contractual disputes with clients, an architect should o resign the contract o refund the fees o amend the contract o consider mediation 25. According to standard owner/architect agreements, a pre- sentation model for the client’s promotional use is o part of the design process o standard practice o not a basic service o not reimbursable 26. Zoning ordinances [by-laws] are used by municipalities as a means of controlling all of the following EXCEPT o density of development o project costs o flood impact o land usage 27. The cost for asbestos removal in a building to be renovated must be borne by the o local regulatory agency o general contractor o owner o federal government 28. Which of the following is the most frequently used method of estimating construction cost when programming is completed? o Unit-area cost o Contractor estimate o Construction loan value o Capitalization ratio Programming Planning & Practice 85 MC Questions + 1 Vignette SAMPLE MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Programming, Planning & Practice 7July 2012 ARE® 4.0 Go to page 10 for answersOverview Sample Multiple Choice Questions Site Zoning Vignette References Knowledge/ Skills 29. The most appropriate strategy for predicting and preventing conflicts between architectural and engineering documents is to o hold regular coordination meetings o have the owner review drawings o schedule peer review of documents o use in-house engineers 30. Buildings in urban cores, which have been permitted to achieve floor area ratios and heights in excess of those permitted by zoning, may have been awarded these bo- nuses because they o are clad in materials specified by the city o have excess vertical transportation capacity o include street-level functions that are regarded as public amenities o are on sites that can take advantage of the potential for superior views 31. A deed restriction includes which of the following? o Topography o Utility locations o Benchmarks o Covenants 32. The architect for a new shopping center has been told that the city has a “ponding” requirement for the site. This means that the architect must provide o a decorative water pond as part of the parking-lot landscaping o a French-drain system in the parking areas to pond water o an area where excess rainwater can be retained and discharged into a storm sewer o a system for the underground collection and disposal of rainwater 33. Production management is an important element in the success of an architectural firm. Which of the following is a major ingredient for improvement of production? o Employee benefits o Communication with employees o Office renovation o Purchase of reproduction equipment 34. Which of the following is NOT normally governed by zoning regulations? o Densities o Setback and heig