美国注册建筑师考试指南SS_Exam_Guide

RE Structural Systems Overview a Knowledge / Skills 1 Sample Multiple-Choice Questions 4 Sample Multiple-Choice Answers 11 Structural Layout Vignette 12 Sample Passing Solution 14 Sample Failing Solution 16 References 18 This document, effective July 2012, supersedes all previous editions of the ARE® 4.0 Exam Guide: Structural Systems. Please check NCARB’s web site, www.ncarb.org, regularly for updates to the ARE 4.0 Exam Guides and for the most current information regarding the ARE.Copyright © 2012 EXAM GUIDE Structural Systems 125 MC Questions + 1 Vignette Overview Sample Multiple Choice Questions Structural Layout Vignette References Knowledge/ Skills aJuly 2012 ARE® 4.0 RE Content Areas 1. GENERAL STRUCTURES (38-42 percent of scored items) 2. SEISMIC FORCES (28-32 percent of scored items) 3. WIND FORCES (14-17 percent of scored items) 4. LATERAL FORCES (13-16 percent of scored items) Vignette STRUCTURAL LAYOUT Design a schematic framing plan for a one-story building with a mutli-level roof. NOTE For the purposes of this examination and its preparation, the follow- ing design methods have been used: u for wood, Allowable Stress Design Method u for steel, Strength Design Method (Load and Resistance Factor Design) u for concrete, Strength Design Method (Ultimate Strength Design) Structural Systems 125 MC Questions + 1 Vignette Overview DIVISION STATEMENT Identify and incorporate general structural and lateral force principles in the design and construction of buildings. Structural Systems OVERVIEW Structural Systems 125 MC Questions + 1 Vignette Overview Sample Multiple Choice Questions Structural Layout Vignette References Knowledge/ Skills RE 1. GENERAL STRUCTURES (38-42 percent of scored items) A. Principles Apply general structural principles to building design and construction. 1. Building Design Achieve required building design by applying principles, theory, and calculations needed to analyze and design structural systems and components, calculating forces on members (loads, shear, moments, reactions, and truss analysis), and applying basic engineering principles including but not limited to: moment of inertia, section modulus, and deflection. 2. Building Systems and their Integration Apply principles, theory, and calculations related to a building’s structural system and its individual compo- nents by selecting a structural system or component that is appropriate for its application including but not limited to: post and beam, frames, trusses, arches, shells, plates, and skins. 3. Implications of Design Decisions Assess the impact of structural design decisions on cost, schedule, and building systems including: material, span, height, use, historic preservation, architectural form, acoustical properties, sustainability, vibration susceptibil- ity, MEP considerations, etc. B. Materials & Technology Consider impact of design decisions on the selection of systems, materials, and construction details on general structural design. 1. Construction Details and Constructability Apply principles, theory, and calculations related to the design of connections of the various elements of the struc- ture, including connections, fasteners, hangers, and plates. Assess the impact of structural decisions on the construc- tion process: including underpinning, shoring, temporary structures, stabilization, and construction methods. 2. Construction Materials Understand properties of materials that may affect the structural characteristics including section modulus, moment of inertia, thermal movement, fatigue, creep, and information gathered from material test reports, or manuals and apply the knowledge to the design. C. Codes & Regulations Incorporate building codes, specialty codes, and other regulatory requirements in the design of general structural systems 1. Government and Regulatory Requirements and Permit Processes Examine building and fire codes and other regulations affecting structural systems. Apply conditions, constraints, and the permit approval process to structural issues, including: life safety, testing, inspections, loads, connec- tions, allowable stresses, erection, and safety factors. Structural Systems 125 MC Questions + 1 Vignette Structural Systems KNOWLEDGE / SKILLS The division has been broken down into a listing of knowledge and skills directly related to each major content area. KNOWLEDGE / SKILLS 1July 2012 ARE® 4.0 Structural Systems 125 MC Questions + 1 Vignette Overview Sample Multiple Choice Questions Structural Layout Vignette References Knowledge/ Skills 2July 2012 ARE® 4.0 2. SEISMIC FORCES (28-32 percent of scored items) A. Principles Apply seismic forces principles to building design and construction. 1. Building Design Examine behavior of building structural systems when subjected to seismic forces, including load path, loading effects and building response, seismic load resisting systems, and nature of seismic loads on structures. 2. Building Systems and their Integration Consider seismic force resisting systems and elements including braced frames, shear walls, rigid frames, flexible and rigid membranes, foundations, and retaining walls to integrate into the design. 3. Implications of Design Decisions Consider impact of design for seismic forces considering cost, building configuration and function, historic preser- vation, and construction schedule. B. Materials & Technology Consider the impact of applying design decisions on the selection of systems, materials, and construction details to accommodate for seismic forces. 1. Construction Details and Constructability Examine construction details and non-structural elements pertaining to seismic forces. 2. Construction Materials Select construction materials pertaining to their resistance to seismic forces. C. Codes & Regulations Incorporate building codes, specialty codes, and other regulatory requirements in the design for seismic forces. 1. Government and Regulatory Requirements and Permit Processes Examine construction details and non-structural elements pertaining to their resistance to seismic forces. 3. WIND FORCES (14-17 percent of scored items) A. Principles Apply lateral force principles into the design and construction of buildings to resist wind. 1. Building Design Analyze behavior of building structural systems when subjected to wind load, including load path, loading effects and building response, nature of wind loads on structures, and causes and characteristics of wind. 2. Building Systems and their Integration Consider wind force resisting systems and elements in- cluding braced frames, shear walls, rigid frames, flexible and rigid membranes, and foundations to integrate into the design. 3. Implications of Design Decisions Examine impact of design for wind forces considering cost, building configuration, building function, historic preservation, and construction schedule. REStructural Systems 125 MC Questions + 1 Vignette Structural Systems KNOWLEDGE / SKILLS Structural Systems 125 MC Questions + 1 Vignette Overview Sample Multiple Choice Questions Structural Layout Vignette References Knowledge/ Skills 3July 2012 ARE® 4.0 B. Materials & Technology Analyze the impact of design decisions on the se- lection of systems, materials, and construction de- tails related to wind forces. 1. Construction Details and Constructability Examine construction details and non-structural elements pertaining to resistance to wind. 2. Construction Materials Ascertain construction materials pertaining to resistance to wind. C. Codes & Regulations Incorporate building codes and other regulatory requirements related to wind forces. 1. Government and Regulatory Requirements and Permit Processes Incorporate building and life safety codes and regulations for inclusion in design of structures for resistance to wind. 4. LATERAL FORCES (13-16 percent of scored items) A. Principles Apply lateral forces principles to the design and construction of buildings. 1. Building Design Analyze behavior of building structural systems when subjected to lateral loads, including load path, loading effects and building response, lateral load resisting sys- tems, and nature of lateral loads on structures. 2. Building Systems and their Integration Consider lateral load resisting systems and elements in- cluding braced frames, shear walls, rigid frames, flexible and rigid membranes, foundations, and retaining walls to integrate into the design. 3. Implications of Design Decisions Assess impact of lateral loads design decisions such as cost, building configuration, building function, and construction sequencing and schedule. B. Materials & Technology Apply lateral forces principles to the design and construction of buildings. 1. Construction Details and Constructability Examine construction details and non-structural elements pertaining to lateral forces. 2. Construction Materials Select construction materials that resist lateral forces. 3July 2012 ARE® 4.0 REStructural Systems 125 MC Questions + 1 Vignette Structural Systems KNOWLEDGE / SKILLS 1. The most important factor affecting the strength of concrete is the o weather conditions during curing o volume of the mixture o water-to-cement ratio o amount of vibration of the mix 2. The drilled pier (caisson) shown above is belled in order to o prevent water infiltration o prevent caving o increase the bearing area o increase frictional resistance 3. A slump cone is used primarily to provide an indication of which of the following characteristics of concrete? o Strength and workability o Durability and finish o Air entrainment and chemical resistance o Appearance and color 4. Since the 1960’s, thin-shell concrete roof structures have seldom been utilized in the United States and Canada primarily because o building codes often make it difficult to obtain approval for their use o design fees are substantially greater than for more conventional structures o formwork is prohibitively expensive o materials (concrete and steel) are too costly 5. The most frequently used footing type at the exterior wall for load-bearing wall support systems is o mat footings o pile footings o continuous wall footings o isolated pad footings Structural Systems 125 MC Questions + 1 Vignette SAMPLE MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Structural Systems 4July 2012 ARE® 4.0 Go to page 11 for answersOverview Sample Multiple Choice Questions Structural Layout Vignette References Knowledge/ Skills 6. What is the section modulus for the geometric section illustrated above? in3 7. When considering permitted live load reductions for the column shown above, what is the live load for the floor supported by the column? kips (kg) 8. If the soil bearing capacity is 3000 psf [143 500 N/m2] and the applied load is 48,000 lbs [212 kN], which of the following is the area for the footing? sf [ m2] Structural Systems 125 MC Questions + 1 Vignette SAMPLE MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Structural Systems 5July 2012 ARE® 4.0 Go to page 11 for answersOverview Sample Multiple Choice Questions Structural Layout Vignette References Knowledge/ Skills 9. Which of the following best defines the P-delta effect? o Lateral forces on the foundations o Bending forces in the vertical members o Horizontal forces in the roof sections o Moment forces at the joint 10. Concrete should reach its design compressive strength in how many days? o 3 o 7 o 28 o 32 11. When concrete is held under sustained stress, the strain will continue to increase with time. Which of the following defines this time-dependent phenomenon? o Shrinkage o Temperature expansion o Creep o Contraction 12. Steel roof joists are manufactured with camber to o provide positive roof drainage o compensate for deflection o support a variety or roof deck systems o increase lateral stability 13. In a renovation of an existing residential building, in which piping of conduit needs to be run through a 2 x 12 [50 x 300 mm] (actual) wood floor joist, which of the following is the minimum dimension required by the IBC [NBC] from the top or bottom of the joist to the bored hole? o 1.0 in [25 mm] o 1.5 in [38 mm] o 2.0 in [50 mm] o 2.5 in [63 mm] 14. An 18th century farmhouse on the National Historic Reg- ister with exposed timber framing is to be restored and opened for tours. Which of the following is the most historically correct method of addressing the lack of live- load capacity of the floor framing? o Replace the undersized framing with new adequately sized members. o Sister the existing joists and beams. o Limit the number of visitors in spaces to the available live load. o Reduce the span of the floor framing. 15. Cast-in-place concrete beams and columns with No. 11 [35M] rebar or smaller reinforcing bars that are not ex- posed to weather or in contact with the ground should have a minimum coverage of concrete over the bars of o 1/2 in [12 mm] o 3/4 in [19 mm] o 1 in [25 mm] o 1 1/2 in [37 mm] Structural Systems 125 MC Questions + 1 Vignette SAMPLE MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Structural Systems 6July 2012 ARE® 4.0 Go to page 11 for answersOverview Sample Multiple Choice Questions Structural Layout Vignette References Knowledge/ Skills 16. A balcony is hung from steel roof framing over a hotel atrium. Which of the following is the minimum code required increase in live load due to impact? o 0 percent o 25 percent o 33 percent o 50 percent 17. Which of the following is generally the most economical material for the hoistway wall of an elevator in a wood- frame, two-story apartment building? o Reinforced concrete o Gypsum shaft wall o Pre-fabricated concrete o Concrete blocks 18. A one-way slab is used typically in which of the following types of buildings? o Museum o Parking o Library o Warehouse 19. Which of the following would be most appropriate for a high-rise building in a high-risk seismic zone? o A building on stilts o A building with an L-shaped plan o A building with a symmetrical T-shaped plan o A building with a symmetrical square plan 20. Which of the following is NOT a primary structural system that is employed to resist lateral loads? o Shear walls o Braced frames o Hinged frames o Moment-resisting frames 21. All of the following are criteria for base isolation systems EXCEPT: o The system must allow lateral movement. o The system must control the movement between ground and structure. o Energy must be dissipated in the isolators. o The system must amplify ground accelerations. 22. An eccentrically braced frame (EBF) utilized to resist lateral seismic forces in a building is a o frame in which diagonal members are connected to a beam a short distance from the column joint o frame in which members are subjected primarily to axial forces o frame in which members and joints are capable of resisting forces by flexure as well as along the axis of the member o braced frame whose plan location results in torsion Structural Systems 125 MC Questions + 1 Vignette SAMPLE MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Structural Systems 7July 2012 ARE® 4.0 Go to page 11 for answers Overview Sample Multiple Choice Questions Structural Layout Vignette References Knowledge/ Skills 23. For the rigid frame structure shown, the approximate hori- zontal shear at the base of column 2 (assuming all column stiffnesses are equal) is k [ kN] 24. Base isolation in an office building is most effective for which of the following building heights, assuming that the areas per floor are the same? o One-story o Four-story o Twenty-story o Forty-story 25. In the CMU stem-flanged shear wall arrangement shown, the minimum dimension X recommended to achieve shear transfer is o 3t o 6t o 9t o 12t 26. Buckling of a column can be reduced by which of the following? Check the four that apply. o A. Increasing the size of the member o B. Rotating the column o C. Bracing the column o D. Changing the type of end restraints o E. Reducing the length of the column o F. Reducing the radius of gyration Structural Systems 125 MC Questions + 1 Vignette SAMPLE MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Structural Systems 8July 2012 ARE® 4.0 Go to page 11 for answersOverview Sample Multiple Choice Questions Structural Layout Vignette References Knowledge/ Skills 27. A loss of soil shear strength resulting in the movement of the surficial soil layers of a building site in a direction parallel to the ground surface under earthquake conditions is most likely caused by o a high water table o liquefiable soils o a low bearing capacity o a gently sloping site 28. The recommended deflection criteria due to wind loading on a brick veneer wall utilizing a metal stud back-up system is o L/360 o L/400 o L/600 o L/720 29. Which of the following professionals has primary legal responsibility for the performance of a building in an earthquake? o Building code official o Structural engineer o Architect o Geotechnical consultant 30. Which of the following material lists provides ductility in building construction in the order of highest to lowest? o Steel, reinforced masonry, reinforced concrete, wood o Wood, steel, reinforced masonry, reinforced concrete o Reinforced masonry, reinforced concrete, wood, steel o Steel, reinforced concrete, reinforced masonry, wood 31. What is the factor of safety against overturning for the concrete shear wall shown if resisted only by gravity forces? Assume the weight of concrete equals 150 lb/ft 3 [23.5 kN/m3], and the dead load equals 240 kips [1060 kN]. Ignore the weight of the soil over the footing. o 1.5 o 2.0 o 3.7 o 4.2 32. A primary cause of failure of concrete masonry walls during hurricanes is o poorly filled mortar joints o improper base and sill flashing o an inadequate number of wall anchors o a lack of vertical reinforcement Structural Systems 125 MC Questions + 1 Vignette SAMPLE MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Structural Systems 9July 2012 ARE® 4.0 Go to page 11 for answersOverview Sample Multiple Choice Questions Structural Layout Vignette References Knowledge/ Skills 24 k [117 kN] 16’–0” [5 000] 40 ’– 0” [1 2 20 0] 20’–0” [6 000] 6’–0” [1 800] 2’–0” [600] 1’–6” [450] DL [1 060] kN 240 k 33. The earthquake regulations of model codes are intended to provide resistance to which of the following? o Ground shaking o Earth slides o Ground rupture in fault zones o Settlement 34. A structure will have a better chance of surviving an earthquake if which of the following is true? o Principal members change section abruptly. o The load-bearing members are not equally loaded. o All columns and walls are discontinuous. o The structure has redundancy. 35. Which of the following considerations in structural design are based on probability as a result of historical analysis? o Water pressures o Wind forces o Dead loads o Soil pressures 36. According to model codes; Connection of masonry web shear walls to masonry flange walls must be accomplished using which of the following details? Check the t