名词性从句2

null什么叫名词性从句？什么叫名词性从句？在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses） 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、语、同位语等 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句null名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语 {His job is important.What he does is important.表语This is his job.This is what he does every day. {null 宾语 {I don’t like his job.I don’t like what he does every day.同位语 {I don’t know about the man, Mr. White.I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.null 名词性从句 noun clause 主语从句 subject clause 宾语从句 object clause 表语从句 predicative clause 同位语从句 appositive clausenull What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence? A tree has fallen across the road. You are a student. To find your way can be a problem. Smoking is bad for you.null “How do you do?” is a greeting. What she said is not yet known. That we shall be late is certain. It is certain that we shall be late. We can see from these sentences that a sentence serves as subject, so we call it Subject Clause.null主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 How the book will sell depends on its author. That he is the best student in the class is obvious. 主语从句It is certain (形容词） that we shall be late. It + 不及物动词 (seem, happen, matter) + thatnull 引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1)  从属连词that。 That they were true sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2)    从属连词whether。 Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.   他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3)  连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 What she did is not yet known.   她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome.  不论谁来都欢迎。 null主语从句三要素 he became a great scientist is known to us all.Is what you told me really true?谓语动词用单数从句用陈述语序不能省略关联词What we need most are books.HownullAgreement in subject clauses主语从句作主语，谓语一般用单数。 无论他说什么都不重要。 Whatever he says is of no importance 无论谁说这话都不对。 Whoever says that is wrong． 但谓语动词用单数还是复数，不可一概而论， 而要视句子的意义而定 What I need is money. What I need are books.null what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时，what在从句中充 当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语， 而that 则没有实际意义，但不能省。 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation. nullWhatever and whoever whatever＝anything that（一切 / 任何事） whoever＝anyone who（…的那个人 / 无论谁） 它们都是没有先行词的关系代词， 既本身就有 着关系代词和先行词 的意义，具有强调意味。null 不管是谁犯了法，他都应该受到惩罚。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished ＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. Whoever says that is a fool.说那话的人是个傻瓜。 Tell whoever you like —— I don’t care. Whatever he has is yours. We are ready to do whatever the country wants us to. What you say may well be true. (what = the thing that…)Who did you see at church?(问具体的名字）null在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 所取代： 1.whether 引导主语从句 . Whether it is true remains a problem. 2. 引导表语从句用whether. The question is whether you should accept it. 3. whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语. I’m not interested in whether they’ll go or not. It depends on whether we have got enough money. 4. whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用. I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. She hasn’t decided whether to go or not. whether 与 ifnullIf Mary really heard him was doubtful. Whether Mary really heard him was doubtful. 主语从句置于句首时, 不能用 if 引导 Ex P47 三（2） ×√null 不可省略的连词： 1.引导主语，同位语，表语从句的连词不可省略。 2.it 作形式宾语的宾语从句 3.在并列宾语从句中,后面的从句引导词。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. The reason is that he is too careless. I think it necessary that you should read aloud. He told （that） his father had died and that he had to make a living by himself.null用 it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句 It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识(2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是…null(3) It ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… It appears that… 似乎… (4) It is＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实… It is said that… 据说… null主语从句单选 1. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. WhoeverD 2.It was he said disappointed me.what ; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; whatA3. we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B .Whether C. That D. WhereB4. we can’t get seems better than we have.What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; whatAnull改错1.He doesn’t like them is very clear.(That he…)2.That has happened proves that my advice is right.(What has)3.Because of my poor memory, that you told me has been forgotten.( what you / all that you )4.If he has signed his name doesn’t matter.(Whether)5.What is the most important in life aren’t money.(isn’t)null 1. ____ you don’t like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. WhetherAfter Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _____ our astronauts desire to do is to walk in space. where B. what C. that D. how CBPracticenull 3. ____ the 2012 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 4. _____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. WhereCBnull 5. ____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone  B. The person C. Whoever  D. Who 6. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. ItCDnull 7. ___ in the newspaper that the price of food will go up. A. It says B. It is said C. It has said D. He is said8. It worried her a bit ________her hair was turning grey. 　A. while B. that C. if D. forBBnull 9. There is no doubt ________. 　 A. that Mr. Hansen is in good health 　 B. whether is Mr. Hansen healthy 　 C. if Mr. Hansen's health was returning 　 D. whether Mr. Hansen in healthA此句为同位于从句null 10. The Foreign Minister said, “____ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is Dnull 11. It is necessary that a college student ________ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will masterBRewrite the following sentences with noun clauses as the subject. P29 Ex2Rewrite the following sentences with noun clauses as the subject. P29 Ex21.His discovery has not yet been proved. 2.Do the other astronomers accept his ideas? It remains a question. 3.The first appearance of life on earth is still a mystery to scientist. What has not yet been proved is his discovery.Whether other astronomers accepts his ideas remains a question.How life first appeared on earth is still a mystery to scientists.null4.Why is the earth becoming warmer? It is an important topic for research. 5.Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero gravity during a flight. It amazed everybody. 6.Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system. What a surprise!Why the earth is becoming warmer is an important topic for research.It amazed everybody that Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero gravity during a flight.It is a surprise that Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system.nulltake sb by the hand 挽/拉/ 牵着… 的手 = lead sb by the hand seize sb by the collar 抓住某人的衣领 catch sb by the arm 抓住某人的手臂 catch sb by the sleeve 抓住某人的衣袖 hit sb on the head 打中某人的头 hit sb on the nose 打中某人的鼻 hit sb on the back 打中某人的背 hit sb in the face 打中某人的脸 null Today, it accepts fewer students every year than any other British university.今天，它每年接受的学生比其他任何一所英国大学都少。 比较级 + than any other + 单数可数名词 = 最高级Tom 比班上其他任何一个男孩都高。 Tom is taller than any other boy in his class.=Tom is the tallest of the boys in his class. = Tom is the tallest boy in his class. null判断： China is larger than any country in Asia. China is larger than any other country in Asia. China is larger than any country in Africa.√√ 句型中的“other” 用来避免对同一 范围内的两者进行比较（既避免自己与自己 相比）。 不用“other”时，是对不同范围内的两者 进行比较。常用的倍数比较级句型 (VictorP48)常用的倍数比较级句型 (VictorP48) 1.A与B一样（程度相同）, 既A=B (倍数) + as …. as…(P31Para4Line7) 2.A≠B not so … as… (P31 Reading II Line 2) 3.A>B (倍数) + 比较级+ than… 4.(倍数)+ the size/length/height/width / depth….of….null 1.The river is three times the length of that one. 2.The factory produced twice as many cars in 1880 as the year before. 3.My sister is a head taller than I. 4.China is one-sixth larger than the United States. 5.Father is not fat as his son. 6.He is taller than I by an inch. 表示程度的修饰语，如分数，百分数，以及有关时间，长度，重量等名词词组通常放在比较级之前， 有时由by 短语引导在比较级之后。