职场指南

职场指南：说话的艺术 亲爱的安妮：在我工作的团队，有一个聪明伶俐且充满才气的年轻女孩，她很有发展潜力。但问是，我们主管和其他同事对她的讲话方式很有意见。她讲话的方式可以用“山谷女郎”来形容。我们真的希望她取得出色的业绩，更进一步。但是很显然，她的说话方式正在阻碍她的职业发展。您能提供一些技巧，来帮助她克服这个毛病吗？她愿意接受任何建设性的建议。我认为她会听从您的建议的。——TH     亲爱的TH：高管演讲教练克里斯汀•杨克曾说过：“‘山谷语’腔调给人的感觉，就像一个人刚从床上爬起来，紧接着就开始工作了。”她还说，“这种腔调听上去很不正式，而且更糟糕的是，它会分散别人的注意力，从而无法关注你的创意和现。同时，这样的说话方式也决定了你注定跟直接与客户打交道的工作岗位无缘。”     杨克现任华盛顿特区积极沟通公司（Positive Communications）总裁。第一夫人米歇尔•奥巴马曾接受过她的建议。美国总共六位州长都曾是她的客户。此外，她的客户还包括不同类型公司的高管，从国家地理频道（National Geographic Channel）到全国运动汽车竞赛协会（National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing）等等。最近，她还出了本新——《职场指南：如何展现最美的形象和声音》（Your Guide to Looking and Sounding Your Best）。     “山谷女郎”式的说话方式还有一个缺点，那就是每句话的结尾通常用上扬的语调，就像在提问题。“听起来就像在寻求别人的认同，而不是在陈述一件事情。这会使人显得对自己的话缺乏自信，”杨克说。     另一种不好的说话习惯是在谈话中中掺杂过多的口头禅，比如“就像”、“你知道”等等。杨克认为，卡洛琳•肯尼迪在2008年的参议员竞选中失利，部分原因就在于她在公开场合的表现，其中就包括《纽约时报》（New York Times）对她的一次专访。谈到那次专访，杨克回忆说：“如果不说‘你知道’，她好像就无法清楚完整的表达自己的观点。”另外，权威评论者还对肯尼迪的“娃娃音”和“散漫的个性倾向”提出了批评。     幸运的是，我们中的大部分人当然无需像公职候选人那样，必须面对大众的高度关注。然而，不加修饰脱壳而出的说话方式却可以毁掉任何一个人的职业前程。而且职位越高，这一点也会变得愈发重要，杨克说，“随着职位升高，我们的一言一行都会受到外界更加密切的关注。”     那么，你的同事，或者其他有类似问题的人，到底应该怎样改变他们的讲话方式呢？要知道，这些不好的习惯对她们来说已是多年的顽疾。杨克称：“大部分人都没必要对说话方式全面大修，只需要改正一到两处就可以了。”     她提出了下面四条建议，帮助人们培养更符合职业规范的说话方式。     Dear Annie: I work on a team with a bright, talented young woman who has a lot of potential. The problem is that our director and other colleagues are frustrated with her communication style, which is what you might call "Valley Girl." We really want her to do well and get ahead, and we believe the way she speaks is holding her back. Can you offer any tips on how to overcome this? She is generally open to constructive suggestions and I think she would follow your advice. — Trying to Help     Dear TH: "'Valleyspeak' is the verbal equivalent of coming to work looking like you just rolled out of bed," says executive speech coach Christine K. Jahnke. "It's sloppy and, worse, it distracts people's attention from your ideas and your performance. It can also wreck your chances of ever being selected for a job where you would be 'out front' dealing with clients."     Jahnke is president of Washington, D.C.-based coaching firm Positive Communications and has advised Michelle Obama and six state governors as well as executives at companies as diverse as the National Geographic Channel and NASCAR. She also wrote a new book, The Well-Spoken Woman: Your Guide to Looking and Sounding Your Best.     One drawback to talking like a Valley Girl is that it often entails ending sentences with an upward inflection, as if they were questions, which "sounds as if you're seeking approval rather than making a statement," Jahnke says. "It makes you seem to lack confidence in what you're saying."     Another unfortunate verbal habit: Peppering one's speech with "like" and "you know." Jahnke believes that Carolyn Kennedy's 2008 Senate bid failed in part because of public appearances -- including a New York Times interview that quickly went viral -- where, Jahnke recalls, Kennedy "seemed unable to articulate a complete thought without saying 'you know.'" Pundits also picked on Kennedy's "baby doll voice" and "tendency to ramble," Jahnke says.     Of course, most of us (luckily) never have to stand in the intense public spotlight that candidates for public office face, but a less-than-polished speaking style can wreck anyone's career prospects, says Jahnke, and it becomes more of a sticking point the higher you go: "As you rise up the ladder, expect that every aspect of your speaking persona will face more intense scrutiny." Gulp.     So what can your colleague -- or anyone else -- do to change speech patterns that may have become ingrained over many years? "Most people really don't need a total overhaul," Jahnke says. "They just need to correct one or two things."     She suggests the following four steps toward a more professional speaking style 1. 寻求真实的反馈。改变说话习惯就像改变任何行为方式一样，第一步就是要认清问题所在。杨克开始一个阶段的培训时，往往先要把客户的说话内容录下来，然后和客户一起回顾检查，找出问题。“当人们看到自己的举止，听到自己的说话方式时，往往会大吃一惊。实际上，我们中的大多数人并不了解自己在与别人接触时的真实状态。”     值得信任的朋友和同事都可以为此提供建议。另外，公司的人事部也可以针对公司内部的“潜力股”——比如你的队友那样的员工，开展几期相关的专业培训。     2. 参加国际演讲会（Toastmasters International）。 这个组织在全球16个国家拥有13,000个分会，也许在你们的身边，就有一个国际演讲会分会。“国际演讲会是一个非常不错的组织，会员都在竭尽全力提高自己的讲话技巧。演讲会内部总是呈现出一派友好的学院式氛围，” 杨克说。“而且这个组织是免费的。”     3. 研习成功人士的讲话风格。“现在的女性成功人士比以往任何时候都要多，所以，很容易就可以找到这样的榜样——她们依靠自己不凡的讲话风格赢得了如今的地位，”杨克解释道。她向众人推荐TED.com网站，里面的演讲数以千计，时长都在20分钟左右，而且演讲人都非常风趣。     杨克还建议说：“可以去关注一下Facebook的CEO雪莉•桑德伯格，或是梅琳达•盖茨，或百事可乐公司（Pepsico）CEO卢英德。注意一下她们讲话的语速，使用停顿的技巧。只要勤加，这些东西是每个人都可以学会的。”     4.注意上司是如何表达观点的。不同的企业文化，自然会有不同的沟通方式，所以有必要关注上司的讲话方式。“如果你的上司中，有人能够非常有效地传达他的想法，那就注意他是怎样做到的，然后进行模仿。”     “不是让你去鹦鹉学舌般的生搬硬套，而是借鉴其中可以轻松掌握的元素。归根到底，讲话最重要的是自我表达，是传递自己的独到观点时，但是要注意，我们需要展现的是自己最好的一面，而且展示的方式要能抓住听者的注意力。”     反馈：讲话方式会成就一个人，也会毁掉一个人，你同意这样的观点吗？哪些讲话习惯会分散别人的注意力，或显得很不专业？请留言发表您的观点。         1. Seek out honest feedback. As with trying to change any behavior, the first step is to become aware of it. In her coaching sessions, Jahnke usually starts by videotaping a client talking and reviewing it with the client. "People are usually surprised when they watch and hear themselves," she says. "Most of us don't really know how we're coming across."     A trusted friend or coworker may be able to offer suggestions, or your company's human resources department may even provide a few professional coaching sessions -- especially for high-potential types like your teammate.     1. Join Toastmasters International. With 13,000 chapters in 16 countries, Toastmasters probably has a club near you. "It is a great organization, full of people who are seriously trying to improve their speaking skills in a friendly, collegial atmosphere," Jahnke says. "And it's free."     3. Study the speaking styles of successful people. "Women have so many more role models now than ever before, so it's easy to find executives whose speaking styles have helped to get them where they are today," notes Jahnke. She recommends checking out TED.com, which offers thousands of 20-minute talks by interesting people.     "Look up Sheryl Sandberg at Facebook, or Melinda Gates," Jahnke suggests. "Or find YouTube videos of [Pepsico CEO] Indra Nooyi. Notice how they pace their speech, and how they use pauses. With some effort and practice, these are things anyone can learn."     4. Take note of how higher-ups at your company express their ideas. Naturally, communication styles vary somewhat from one corporate culture to another, so it makes sense to pay attention to how people above you talk. "If there is someone who is particularly effective at getting his or her ideas across, you might emulate the way they do it," says Jahnke.     "The idea is not to parrot someone else's speech patterns, but to adopt the elements of their style that you can comfortably learn to use," she adds. "In the end, it's still about expressing yourself and your unique ideas -- but your best self, presented in a way that will make others listen."     Talkback: Do you agree that the way someone speaks can make or break a career? What habits of speech do you find distracting or unprofessional? Leave a comment below.