nullRevision of Junior English
主讲:王伟
江西师范大学英语培训中心英语教研室
Revision of Junior English
主讲:王伟
江西师范大学英语培训中心英语教研室
nullNouns
名词null名 词
表示人、事物、地点的名称或者抽象概念的词 分为专有名词和普通名词null专有名词
表示个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称。专有名词第一个字母要大写
* Lucy
* China
* the Summer Palacenull普通名词
分为可数名词和不可数名词
★可数名词
表示人、事物、地点等的名称。
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式之分
null名词的单数形式
一般可用a来修饰
* a car *a book
在元音发音开头的单词前用 an
* an elephant
* an apple
请区别:a useful machine
null名词的复数形式
1.复数形式的构成
(1) 一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/
* dog – dogs * book – books
(2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/
*box – boxes *watch – watches null(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es” /iz/
* country – countries
* factory – factories
请区别:如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s”
* boy – boys
* monkey – monkeys null(4) 以o结尾的名词加“s” /z/
* radio – radios * zoo – zoos
只有 potato tomato加“es”构成复数
potato – potatoes tomato – tomatoes
(5) 以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es” /vz/
* half – halves * shelf – shelves
*knife – knives * leaf – leaves
null2.特殊变化的单词
(1)单复数同形
Chinese – Chinese fish – fish
Japanese – Japanese sheep – sheep
(2)变元音字母oo为ee
tooth – teeth foot – feet null3.变man为 men
man – men woman – women
policeman – policemen
Frenchman – Frenchmen
请区别:German(德国人) – Germans
4. 其它形式
child – children mouse – mice
null 5.一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况
(1)将中心词变为复数
girlfriend – girlfriends
grandchild – grandchildren
(2) man,woman 构成的合成词,每个名词都要变成复数
a man doctor – men doctors
a woman teacher – women teachers null6.常以复数形式出现的名词
people clothes police
trousers glasses
这些名词作主语时,注意它们的谓语用复数
* My clothes are newer than yours.
* The police often come here.null 7.可用how many,many,a few,few,any,lots of, some,a lot of 等修饰可数名词复数
*There are a few people in the park.
*How many knives are there in your pencil-box?null★不可数名词
物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如: water,rice,fish,meat 等。
特别记住:
work chalk time space music
money weather cotton homework
wood information news medicinenull 1.不可数名词无复数,作主语时常看成单数
*Some bread is over there.
*No news is good news.
2.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词
*They had much money.
*He does little housework at home.null 3.常用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of,a bottle of等来表示不可数名词的量,单复数表现在of 前面的名词上,而 of 后始终是单数
*There is a piece of paper in the book.
*Three glasses of orange are on the desk.null注意:
可数名词也可用量来表示, of 后用复数
* There are two bags of clothes over there.
* We have five boxes of apples.null 4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情
况下可相互转化,同一个词,但意思不同
(1) glass(玻璃)– a glass(玻璃杯)
paper(纸) – a paper(报纸)
work(工作) – a work(著作)
room(空间) – a room(房间)null (2) fruit(水果) – fruits (各种水果)
fish(鱼) – fishes(各种鱼)
hair(所有头发) – hairs (几根头发)
time(时间) – times(时代)null名词的一般用法
★名词做定语
1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数
* He has two pencil-boxes.
* There are three banana trees over there.
2.man woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致
*We need a man teacher.
*They are all women workers.null 3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式
*a sports field *a clothes shop
4. 当数词与单位名词一起做定语时, 单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接。
*He is a fourteen-year-old boy.
*This is a two-hour plan.null★名词做主语时,应注意名词的数,避免主谓不一致。
* Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers.
她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。
*There is a pair of glasses on the desk.
桌上有一副眼镜null名词所有格
表示名词间的所有关系“ …的”
一.名词所有格的构成方法
1.单数名词后加“’ s”
*Tom ’ s book *my friend’ s uncle
2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ’”即可
*Teachers ’ Day *two weeks ’ holidaynull 3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’ s”
* Children’ s Day * men’ s shoes
4.用of加名词,构成所属关系的短语,主要用于表示无生命名词的所有关系
*the color of the wall
*a picture of the classroomnull二.名词所有格的几个注意点
1.可用名词所有格表示地点, 地点名词习惯上省略
* my aunt’s ( home) (我姑姑家)
* go to the teachers’ ( office)
(去老师办公室)
2.有些名词的所有格可用两种形式
*the cat’s name / the name of the cat
*China’s capital/ the capital of Chinanull 3.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加“’s”
* Lucy and Lily’s room
露西和莉莉的房间(两人共有一间房间)
请区别: Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms
露西的房间和莉莉的房间
(两人各有一间房间)nullArticle
冠词null冠 词
虚词,本身无独立的意义, 它用来帮助说明名词所指的人或物是泛指还是特指
不定冠词a, an(泛指)
定冠词 the (特指)null1.不定冠词的用法
1)表示某人(事物)的某一种类
* My father is a driver.
* Do you like an apple or a pear?
2) 表示某一事物中的任何一个
*An elephant is bigger than a horse.
*A monkey can climb trees.null 3)表示某人某物,但不具体说明何人何物。
*A student from Class Two runs fastest.
*A man is calling now.
4)表示数量, 有“一” 的含义
*There is a flower in the vase.
*A panda has a mouth , a nose,two eyes.null 5)有些不可数名词要表示“一种”、“一场”、“一堆”时, 须加不定冠词
*a heavy snow *a strong wind
*make a fire *have a good time
6)用于固定词组
*half an hour *a moment ago * a lot of
*have a rest *a little a few *a pair ifnull2.定冠词的用法
1)指上文提到过的人或物,用定冠词the
2)世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the
*the sun *the moon *the earth
3)定冠词the用于序数词前或表示方位的名词前和形容词最高级前
*the first *the best *in the south null 4)乐器名称前用定冠词the
* play the piano * play the violin
5)在复数姓氏前加the,表示××一家人,常看成复数
*The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.
=The Brown family are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.null 6)在一些形容词前,表示一类人
*the rich 富人 *the old 老人
*the deaf 聋子
在一些专有名词和习惯用语中常用定冠词the
* the Great Wall *by the way
*in the morning *on the right
*behind the chair *all the time null3.不用冠词
1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年、学科等词前不用冠词
*in summer *in August
*on Sunday *study physics
请区别:in the spring of 1945
(特指,加the )
2)一日三餐和球类运动名词前不用冠词
*have breakfast *play footballnull 3)名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any,each作定语,不用冠词
* They met here this morning.
* Each boy has a workbook.
4)一些专有名词、不可数名词、称呼、头衔不用冠词
China Grade Two
Mr.Li Dr.Liu meat null 5)表示颜色、语种、国家前不用冠词
* in purple * in red
* Japanese * Britain
6)固定词组
* go to bed * by bus
* at night * in timenull4.在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同
★ in front of 在…前面
in the front of 在…范围内的前部
*There is a tree in front of the house.
房子前面有一棵树
* The teachers’ desk is in the front of the classroom.
讲台在教室的前部null ★ in hospital (生病)住院
in the hospital 在医院里
*He’s ill in hospital.
他生病住院。
*My parents work in the hospital.
我的父母在医院工作。nullExercisesnull用名词的正确形式填空
1 He cut the apple into ________ (half).
2 The ________ (potato) are mine.
3 How many ________ (family) are there in this town?
4 There are ten ________ (deer) on the farm.
5 These ________ (German) are __________
(businessman).
6 Last week we went to the __________ (child) Park.halvespotatoesfamiliesdeerGermansbusinessmenChildren’snull改错
1. It’s a hard work.
2.We don’t have any class on Sundays.
3. The room’s windows are very big.
.
It’s hard work.We don’t have any classes on Sundays.The windows of the room are very big.null4 How many milk is there in the bag?
5.Could I have three papers ,please?
6.These two pieces of bread is over there.
How much milk is there in the bag?Could I have three pieces of paper ,please?These two pieces of bread are over there.null( )1 I found ____ good news in ____ newspaper.
A. a, a B.a piece of , a piece of
C.a, a piece of D. a piece of , a
( )2 What ____ it is today!
A. a fine weather B. fine weather
C. fine a weather D. the fine weather
( )3 To their _____ , they have all passed the exam.
A. surprise B. surprising
C. surprises D. surprised
DBAnull( )4 Lucy is ____ sister.
A. Mary and Jack B. Mary’s and Jack’s
C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jack’s
( )5 Please make ____ for him. He is very tired.
A. any room B. any room
C. some rooms D. some room
( )6 The model plane was made by a ____ boy.
A. ten-years-old B. ten-year-older
C. ten-year-old D. ten-year oldDDCnull( ) 7 He went to the ____ to buy a pair of shoes.
A shoes store B shoe store
C shoe’s store D shoes’ store
( ) 8 I will give you ____ to finish it.
A two week’s time B two weeks’ time
C two week time D two weeks time
( ) 9 The two bedroom are the ____.
A twins B twin’s C twins’ D twins
BBCnull( ) 10 This is an old photo of mine when I ____.
A have short hairs B had short hairs
C have short hair D had short hair
( ) 11 I think the country is much more beautiful than any other ____ in the world.
A country B countries
C the country D the countries
( ) 12 John’s uncle has many friends. Mr. Shute is a friend of ____.
A John’s uncle B John uncle’s
C John’s uncle’s D John uncleDACnullExercises
1 There is ________ “m” in ________ word “mother”.
2 Did you play ________ basketball or play ________ piano after _______school?
3 Turn right at ________ third crossing on ________ left.
4 They got to ________ moon by ________ spaceship.
5 She is ________ university student, she likes ________ music of ________ film.ana/the/thethethe/athethe