安装高频电子镇流器的技巧

3222 635 18151 05/98 Printed in the Netherlands Data subject to change http://www.lighting.philips.com/ Hints and tips for installing HF electronic lighting HINTS AND TIPS FOR INSTALLING 3 HF ELECTRONIC LIGHTING 3 HINTS FOR THE INSTALLATION OF HF LUMINAIRES 4 THE LIGHTING INSTALLATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT 6 MORE INFORMATION OR SUPPORT NEEDED? 5 OTHER ASPECTS 2 HINTS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF LUMINAIRES WITH HF CONTROL GEAR 1 INTRODUCTION CONTENTS• 5 2.1 Earthing 7 2.2 Ignition aid 7 2.1 What is an ignition aid? 7 2.2 When and how to use an ignition aid 7 2.3 What to do if the use of an ignition aid is not possible 7 2.3 Voltage rating of components and wiring 8 2.4 Hints for wiring 8 4.1 General wiring 8 4 2 Control and lamp wiring (regulating ballasts) 9 4.3 Special wiring 9 4.4 Changing from conventional to HF gear 9 4.5 Wiring for luminaires with three or four HF-P ballasts 9 4.6 Wiring diagrams 10 2.5 Ambient temperatures and lifetime of the ballast 15 3.1 Master-slave applications 17 3.2 Earth leakage circuit breakers 17 3.3 Inrush currents 17 3.4 Testing the installation 19 3.5 Ambient luminaire temperatures and optimum ballast lifetime 20 3.6 Trouble-shooting 20 4.1 Electromagnetic compatibility 23 1.1 RFI (radio frequency interference) 23 1.2 Immunity 24 4.2 Humidity 24 4.3 Interference with infra-red remote control equipment 24 4.4 Interference with translation/congress systems 24 4.5 Norms and approvals 24 5.1 Emergency lighting 27 5.2 HF ballasts and dimming 27 4 On account of their great advantages compared to conventional gear, high-frequency (HF) electronic ballasts have gained great popularity in many applications over the last decade.The use of electronics provides more comfort and flexibility, whilst the light can be easily regulated to one’s own requirements.Another highly relevant benefit of HF lighting is the fact that considerable cost reductions can be obtained thanks to the energy-saving qualities of HF electronics. Besides, the compact electronic components of these days allow for a new innovative design of luminaires.A typical example of this is the TL5 system. The built-in quality of Philips lighting components In many laboratories all over the world, lighting engineers are working hard on constant improvement of Philips products, including ballasts, for the provision of reliable and first-rate lighting installations. Obviously, great emphasis is thereby laid on quality in terms of performance, lifetime and similar aspects. Philips HF electronic ballasts are manufactured in ISO 9001-certified factories.All ballasts fulfil the relevant international norms, ensuring optimum performance and safety for those who are going to work with and in the new lighting installation. But in the Philips vision that is not enough.Also easy installation and operation are critically taken into account during the product creation process.And the opinion of the end-user is highly valued in this process. On top of that, Philips also take full responsibility for the care of the environment and are therefore ISO 14001-certified.This implies that the use of Philips HF electronic ballasts ensures the fulfilment of the environmental management system, as certified by the official approval of the Dutch test authority KEMA. This guide In this guide useful hints and tips can be found on how to apply HF electronic ballasts in a lighting installation. Subjects that will be dealt with include: the proper construction of luminaires designed to be equipped with HF control gear, as well as how to install and operate such luminaires.Also aspects like testing, trouble-shooting and maintenance will be covered. The interaction between HF lighting installations and the environment will receive special attention too. Finally, a few words will be spent on dimming and emergency lighting, and the guide concludes with a list of literature for further reading. And remember: Obtaining an outstanding lighting installation is not simply a matter of choosing the best possible components: their proper installation and operation in the system is equally important. INTRODUCTION1 page 3 HINTS FOR THE INSTALLATION OF HF LUMINAIRES 4 THE LIGHTING INSTALLATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT 6 MORE INFORMATION OR SUPPORT NEEDED? 5 OTHER ASPECTS 2 HINTS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF LUMINAIRES WITH HF CONTROL GEAR 1 INTRODUCTION CONTENTS• 5 2.1 Earthing 7 2.2 Ignition aid 7 2.1 What is an ignition aid? 7 2.2 When and how to use an ignition aid 7 2.3 What to do if the use of an ignition aid is not possible 7 2.3 Voltage rating of components and wiring 8 2.4 Hints for wiring 8 4.1 General wiring 8 4 2 Control and lamp wiring (regulating ballasts) 9 4.3 Special wiring 9 4.4 Changing from conventional to HF gear 9 4.5 Wiring for luminaires with three or four HF-P ballasts 9 4.6 Wiring diagrams 10 2.5 Ambient temperatures and lifetime of the ballast 15 3.1 Master-slave applications 17 3.2 Earth leakage circuit breakers 17 3.3 Inrush currents 17 3.4 Testing the installation 19 3.5 Ambient luminaire temperatures and optimum ballast lifetime 20 3.6 Trouble-shooting 20 4.1 Electromagnetic compatibility 23 1.1 RFI (radio frequency interference) 23 1.2 Immunity 24 4.2 Humidity 24 4.3 Interference with infra-red remote control equipment 24 4.4 Interference with translation/congress systems 24 4.5 Norms and approvals 24 5.1 Emergency lighting 27 5.2 HF ballasts and dimming 27 4 On account of their great advantages compared to conventional gear, high-frequency (HF) electronic ballasts have gained great popularity in many applications over the last decade.The use of electronics provides more comfort and flexibility, whilst the light can be easily regulated to one’s own requirements.Another highly relevant benefit of HF lighting is the fact that considerable cost reductions can be obtained thanks to the energy-saving qualities of HF electronics. Besides, the compact electronic components of these days allow for a new innovative design of luminaires.A typical example of this is the TL5 system. The built-in quality of Philips lighting components In many laboratories all over the world, lighting engineers are working hard on constant improvement of Philips products, including ballasts, for the provision of reliable and first-rate lighting installations. Obviously, great emphasis is thereby laid on quality in terms of performance, lifetime and similar aspects. Philips HF electronic ballasts are manufactured in ISO 9001-certified factories.All ballasts fulfil the relevant international norms, ensuring optimum performance and safety for those who are going to work with and in the new lighting installation. But in the Philips vision that is not enough.Also easy installation and operation are critically taken into account during the product creation process.And the opinion of the end-user is highly valued in this process. On top of that, Philips also take full responsibility for the care of the environment and are therefore ISO 14001-certified.This implies that the use of Philips HF electronic ballasts ensures the fulfilment of the environmental management system, as certified by the official approval of the Dutch test authority KEMA. This guide In this guide useful hints and tips can be found on how to apply HF electronic ballasts in a lighting installation. Subjects that will be dealt with include: the proper construction of luminaires designed to be equipped with HF control gear, as well as how to install and operate such luminaires.Also aspects like testing, trouble-shooting and maintenance will be covered. The interaction between HF lighting installations and the environment will receive special attention too. Finally, a few words will be spent on dimming and emergency lighting, and the guide concludes with a list of literature for further reading. And remember: Obtaining an outstanding lighting installation is not simply a matter of choosing the best possible components: their proper installation and operation in the system is equally important. INTRODUCTION1 page 7 1 6 Introduction Unless specially mentioned, it is assumed that the HF ballasts are mounted in a Class I luminaire (provided with an earthing point), and that they are electrically very well connected to some metal part of the luminaire. For ballasts housed in a metal case this is normally obtained by means of the fixing screws with which the ballast is mounted to the earthed mounting plate.Tooth-lock washers should be used to ensure a proper earth contact right through the paint or lacquer covering the luminaire. Fixing screws for mounting the ballast should be 4 mm dia. Ballasts in a plastic housing must be earthed via the connector. Generally speaking, fluorescent lamps at all temperatures require an ignition aid for proper ignition.This is stated in IEC 60081 - Annex A. If a certain type of lamp does not need an ignition aid, this must be specifically mentioned in the relevant lamp documentation provided by the lamp manufacturer, for example, PL-T lamps. What is an ignition aid? An ignition aid, sometimes also called ‘starting aid’, is a metal plate with a length extending at least over the lamp length and a width of at least 1.5 times the lamp diameter. It should be connected to earth (or to an earth contact on the ballast). Typically, the distance between the ignition aid and the surface of the lamp should be: 20 mm for ‘TL’D lamps, 6 mm for TL5 lamps, 12 mm for PLL lamps. Note: Under no circumstance should there be any conducting (metal) plate between the ignition aid and the lamp, unless it is electrically connected to the earth point of the luminaire (or an earth contact on the ballast). This also applies, for instance, for an aluminium reflector. The ignition aid must directly face the lamp. When and how to use an ignition aid • For Class I (i.e. mains earthed) metal luminaires a separate ignition aid will in general not be required, as the luminaire itself will fulfil this function. • For Class I plastic luminaires, a separate ignition aid has to be mounted and connected to earth. • In the case of Class II luminaires (no provision for protective earthing), the ignition aid must be connected to the earth connector of the ballast. What to do if the use of an ignition aid is not possible? The proper ignition of the lamps will depend on the type of ballast, HINTS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION 2 2 1 EARTHING OF LUMINAIRES WITH HF CONTROL GEAR 2 2 IGNITION AID 2 3 2 2 2 1 7 1 6 Introduction Unless specially mentioned, it is assumed that the HF ballasts are mounted in a Class I luminaire (provided with an earthing point), and that they are electrically very well connected to some metal part of the luminaire. For ballasts housed in a metal case this is normally obtained by means of the fixing screws with which the ballast is mounted to the earthed mounting plate.Tooth-lock washers should be used to ensure a proper earth contact right through the paint or lacquer covering the luminaire. Fixing screws for mounting the ballast should be 4 mm dia. Ballasts in a plastic housing must be earthed via the connector. Generally speaking, fluorescent lamps at all temperatures require an ignition aid for proper ignition.This is stated in IEC 60081 - Annex A. If a certain type of lamp does not need an ignition aid, this must be specifically mentioned in the relevant lamp documentation provided by the lamp manufacturer, for example, PL-T lamps. What is an ignition aid? An ignition aid, sometimes also called ‘starting aid’, is a metal plate with a length extending at least over the lamp length and a width of at least 1.5 times the lamp diameter. It should be connected to earth (or to an earth contact on the ballast). Typically, the distance between the ignition aid and the surface of the lamp should be: 20 mm for ‘TL’D lamps, 6 mm for TL5 lamps, 12 mm for PLL lamps. Note: Under no circumstance should there be any conducting (metal) plate between the ignition aid and the lamp, unless it is electrically connected to the earth point of the luminaire (or an earth contact on the ballast). This also applies, for instance, for an aluminium reflector. The ignition aid must directly face the lamp. When and how to use an ignition aid • For Class I (i.e. mains earthed) metal luminaires a separate ignition aid will in general not be required, as the luminaire itself will fulfil this function. • For Class I plastic luminaires, a separate ignition aid has to be mounted and connected to earth. • In the case of Class II luminaires (no provision for protective earthing), the ignition aid must be connected to the earth connector of the ballast. What to do if the use of an ignition aid is not possible? The proper ignition of the lamps will depend on the type of ballast, HINTS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION 2 2 1 EARTHING OF LUMINAIRES WITH HF CONTROL GEAR 2 2 IGNITION AID 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 4 HINTS FOR WIRING 4 5 4 4 4 3 4 2 2 3 VOLTAGE RATING OF COMPONENTS AND WIRING 2 9 4.1 General wiring2 8 2.3 What to do if the use of an ignition aid is not possible the position of the ballast and the wiring between the ballast and the lamp(s). For this reason, luminaires without ignition aid can only be released after testing. In general, 250V-rated electrical components and 300V-rated wiring (as H05 classification) can be used in luminaires. Exceptions to this rule are the dimming systems for PLT and TL5. Here, 500V-rated lampholders and 450V-rated lamp wiring (like H07) have to be used, on account of the high lamp voltages (up to 430Vrms). Normal ‘H07’ wiring has a minimum conductor cross-section of 1.5 mm2. The HF-REGULATOR ballast is suitable for such a conductor thickness, but most TL5/PLT lampholders can only cope with a maximum wire cross-section of 1.0 mm2. In that situation, ask your local cable supplier for 450V-rated wiring with a conductor thickness of 0.5-1.0 mm2. Note: High lamp voltages may arise when fluorescent lamps are dimmed. If this happens, it has always to do with the chosen lamp concept and is not dependent on ballast technology. General wiring It is important to heed the following indications if optimum system performance and minimum radio frequency interference are to be obtained: • Keep mains (and control) wiring away from lamp wiring and lamps (minimum distance 2 cm) (see Fig.1). • If complete separation is not possible, screen the mains (and control) wiring by an earthed metal sheath or plate. • Keep mains (and control) wires as short as possible. • As a general rule, the length of the wires should be in accordance with the advised figure for the relevant ballast type. • Avoid loops in all wiring. • Take care of firm electrical contact between all metal parts and the ballast housing. Control and lamp wiring (regulating ballasts) In the case of control wiring, the following points should be regarded: • The wiring to the control input must be dealt with like mains wiring. • Do not short-circuit the lamp wires for more than five minutes. Otherwise, the ballasts may be damaged. Special wiring In the case of throughput wiring: • Take extra care that throughput wiring in a luminaire is completely separated from the lamp wiring in order to avoid deterioration of the EMC behaviour of the luminaire. Changing from conventional to HF gear HF electronic ballasts consist of one single unit, replacing various components in conventional electromagnetic systems, such as a radio- interference capacitor, a starter and an electromagnetic ballast. When changing from a conventional ballast system to an electronic one, but also when swopping from one electronic ballast to another, it is advised to check: 1.The quality of wires and lampholders (ageing). If these components are not in optimum condition, replace all existing wiring before installing a new electronic ballast.Also all the redundant components of the previous electromagnetic system should be removed. 2. Follow the hints as given in section 2.4.1: General wiring. Wiring for luminaires with three or four HF-P ballasts When three or four HF-PREFORMER (HF-P) ballasts are used in a Class I luminaire, the maximum earth leakage current may surpass the maximum allowed 1.0 mA (according IEC 598). Reverse-connecting the mains and neutral on one or two of the ballasts in the luminaire will cause the maximum earth leakage current to fall below the required 1.0 mA. 4 1 Fig. 1. Mains and control wir ing at minimum distance of 2 cm from lamp and lamp wir ing. _ + L N >2cm>2cm HF ballast La 2 4 HINTS FOR WIRING 4 5 4 4 4 3 4 2 2 3 VOLTAGE RATING OF COMPONENTS AND WIRING 2 9 4.1 General wiring2 8 2.3 What to do if the use of an ignition aid is not possible the position of the ballast and the wiring between the ballast and the lamp(s). For this reason, luminaires without ignition aid can only be released after testing. In general, 250V-rated electrical components and 300V-rated wiring (as H05 classification) can be used in luminaires. Exceptions to this rule are the dimming systems for PLT and TL5. Here, 500V-rated lampholders and 450V-rated lamp wiring (like H07) have to be used, on account of the high lamp voltages (up to 430Vrms). Normal ‘H07’ wiring has a minimum conductor cross-section of 1.5 mm2. The HF-REGULATOR ballast is suitable for such a conductor thickness, but most TL5/PLT lampholders can only cope with a maximum wire cross-section of 1.0 mm2. In that situation, ask your local cable supplier for 450V-rated wiring with a conductor thickness of 0.5-1.0 mm2. Note: High lamp voltages may arise when fluorescent lamps are dimmed. If this happens, it has always to do with the chosen lamp concept and is not dependent on ballast technology. General wiring It is important to heed the following indications if optimum system performance and minimum radio frequency interference are to be obtained: • Keep mains (and control) wiring away from lamp wiring and lamps (minimum distance 2 cm) (see Fig.1). • If complete separation is not possible, screen the mains (and control) wiring by an earthed metal sheath or plate. • Keep mains (and control) wires as short as possible. • As a general rule, the length of the wires should be in accordance with the advised figure for the relevant ballast type. • Avoid loops in all wiring. • Take care of firm electrical contact between all metal parts and the ballast housing. Control and lamp wiring (regulating ballasts) In the case of control wiring, the following points should be regarded: • The wiring to the control input must be dealt with like mains wiring. • Do not short-circuit the lamp wires for more than five minutes. Otherwise, the ballasts may be damaged. Special wiring In the case of throughput wiring: • Take extra care that throughput wiring in a luminaire is completely separated from the lamp wiring in order to avoid deterioration of the EMC behaviour of the luminaire. Changing from conventional to HF gear HF electronic ballasts consist of one single unit, replacing various components in conventional electromagnetic systems, such as a radio- interference capacitor, a starter and an electromagnetic ballast. When changing from a conventional ballast system to an electronic one, but also when swopping from one electronic ballast to another, it is advised to check: 1.The quality of wires and lampholders (ageing). If these components are not in optimum condition, replace all existing wiring before installing a new electronic ballast.Also all the redundant components of the previous electromagnetic system should be removed. 2. Follow the hints as given in section 2.4.1: General wiring. Wiring for luminaires with three or four HF-P ballasts When three or four HF-PREFORMER (HF-P) ballasts are used in a Class I luminaire, the maximum earth leakage current may surpass the maximum allowed 1.0