C语言编程之父丹尼斯·里奇和他的C世界.txt

英国王朝及英国部分历史大事记 [www.TopSage.com] 大家在学习英国历史的时候总对王朝的更替头痛，其实只要将重大事件和涉及到的 君主联系起来就容易得多了 British Monarchs and some important historical events 英国王朝及英国部分历史大事记 Early Settlers （史前时期） Iberians, 3000 BC Stonehenge before 2000 BC] Beaker Folk, 2000 BC Celts, 700 BC Roman Britain (55BC-AD 410) （罗马人统治时期） J. Caesar invaded for the fist time in 55 BC. The successful invasion by Claudius, AD 43. Queen Boadicea rebelled in AD 61. The Roman built the Hadrianl’s Wall and the Antonine Wall, and they also brought Christianity to Britain. The Anglo-Saxons （盎格鲁-撒克逊时期） Heptarchy, 449-828 Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury in 597. Egbert Egbert became the fist king of England in 829. Viking and Dane attacked England from the 8th century. Canute, the Danish leader, became king of England in 1016. House of Normandy （诺曼底时期） [www.TopSage.com] William, 1066-1087 Norman Conquest, 1066 Domesday Book was completed in 1086. William II, 1087-1100 Henry I, 1100-1135 Stephen, 1135-1154 Henry II married Eleanor of Aquitaine in 1152, thus acquiring all western France from Normandy to the Spanish border. House of Plantagenet （金雀花王朝，又称 House of Anjou,安茹王朝） Henry II, 1154-1189 Thomas Becket was murdered in 1170. Richard I, 1189-1199 John, 1199-1216 John was forced to accept Magna Carta in 1215. Henry III, 1216-1272 Simon de Montfort summoned the Great Council to meet at Westminster in 1265, which is seen as the earliest parliament. Edward I, 1272-1307 Wales came under the English Crown in 1284. Edward II, 1307-1327 Edward III, 1327-1377 Black Death swept through England in 1348. Hundred Years’ War, 1337-1453 [www.TopSage.com] Richard II, 1377-1399 The Peasant Uprisiing of 1381 House of Lancaster （兰开斯特王朝） Henry IV, 1399-1413 Henry V, 1413-1422 Henry VI, 1422-1461 England was defeated in the Hundred Years’ War in 1453. (Wars of Roses, 1455-1485) House of York （约克王朝） Edward IV, 1461-1483 Edward V, 1413-1483 Richard III, 1483-1485 Richard III was defeated by Henry Tudor in the last battle of the Wars of Roses in 1485. House of Tudor （都铎王朝） Henry VII, 1485-1509 The end of Wars of Roses in 1485 & the beginning of English Renaissance Henry VIII, 1509-1547 Henry VIII established Church of England in 1534 and became its Supreme Head in 1535. Mary I, 1553-1558 Calais, the last British possession on the Continent was lost to France in 1558. Elizabeth I, 1558-1603 The destruction the Spanish Fleet “Armada” [www.TopSage.com] House of Stuart （斯图亚特王朝） James I, 1603-1625 Gunpowder Plot, 1605 The Authorized Version of the Bible in 1611 Pilgrim Fathers founded New Plymouth in America in 1620. Charles I, 1625-1649 English Civil War, 1642-1649 The Commonwealth （共和制王朝） Council of State, 1649-1653 Oliver Cromwell, 1653-1658 Cromwell became Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England in 1653 Richard Cromwell, 1658-1660 House of Stuart (continued) （斯图亚特王朝续） Charles II, 1660-1685 Restoration in 1660 James II, 1685-1688 Glorious Revolution, 1688 William III and Mary II, 1689-1702 They jointly accepted the Bill of Rights in 1689. Thus the age of constitutional monarchy began. Anne, 1702-1714 The name Great Britain came into being when in 1707 the Act of Union united England and Scotland. [www.TopSage.com] House of Hanover （汉诺威王朝） George I, 1714-1727 George II, 1727-1760 John Kay’s flying shuttle in 1733 George III, 1760-1820 Industrial Revolution, 1836-1848 James Watt improved the steam engine in 1765. George IV, 1820-1830 William IV, 1830-1837 Chartist Movement, 1836-1848 Victoria, 1837-1901 William Booth founded the Salvation Army in 1865. Queen Victoria became Empress of India in 1877. House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha （萨克森-科堡-哥达王朝） Edward VII, 1901-1910 Labour Party became a major party after the election in 1906. House of Windsor （温莎王朝） George V, 1910-1936 The Parliament Act was passed in 1911, establishing the Commons as the supreme legislative body. The First World War, 1914-1918 Edwards VIII, 1936-1936 George VI, 1936-1952 [www.TopSage.com] The Second World War, 1939-1945 National Health Service was established in the U.K. in 1948. Elizabeth II, 1952- A full member of the EEC in 1973. Mrs. Thatcher became the first woman P.M. in 1979.