英语作文书写

英语作文书写 第一部分:应用文写作 应用文文体的种类非常丰富，大纲中规定的就包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。鉴于考试的要求和考 场的条件限制、文章的长度以及文体的应用广泛程度而言，我们认为各类信件、便笺、以及备忘录在研究生考试中的考 查几率比较大。其中信件种类繁多、内容广泛，因此最为重要;便笺的写法与格式都和信件相类似;备忘录在公务和商 业往来中使用较多，但也可能在考生平时的校园生活中出现。因此，本期刊将以信件、便笺和备忘录的写法为重点详加 阐述。 应用文的实际用途决定了其语言应以简洁明了为基本原则，并不要求复杂多变。应用文一般需要开门见山，行文一 开始就要尽快地达主要意思;文章要求逻辑清晰、有条有理，目标明确;语气要恰如其分，尤其在公文信函中，一定 要注意语言的正式和礼貌，遵循交际原则;最后还要注意细节，确保事件、数字、日期等信息的准确传达和标点符号的 正确使用。 下面以2007 年的大纲样题为例来具体考研应用短文的出题思路和应对步骤: Directions: You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for: 1) detailed information about the books you want, 2) methods of payment, 3) time and way of delivery. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. 通过这个题目可以看出，考研的应用文题目是以日常生活的场景为基础的。我们有以下的“三步走”策略: 第一、判断题型。在阅读完题干以后，考生应迅速判断这是一篇请求信，此时准备充分的考生应在脑海中以最快速 度搜索此类信件的写作框架、流程、常用套语和词汇等(本期刊中提供了详实的模版供考生参考)。 第二、重新读题，并用铅笔划出题目中包含的重点信息。这些信息都是考生在写文章的时候必须包含在其中的。本 题的重点信息包括preparing for an English test, in need of some reference books, a letter to the sales department of a book store, detailed information, payment, delivery 等。 第三、扩充成文并仔细检查。在扩充细节的时候，考生要结合平时的生活积累、发挥充分的想象力。如在本题中， 考生应思考的细节包括准备何种英语考试，需要哪些参考书，对参考书的质量和内容有什么要求，付款方式是现金还是 1 信用卡，运送方式是EMS、邮局还是其他等等。在这些方面考生可以自由发挥，但是注意要符合我们的生活常识和日常 规律。在完成文章以后，一定要花大约1 分钟的时间重新检查一遍信件的结构是否完整、所要求的细节是否全部包含在 内、以及是否有拼写错误等。 3、题型解析 (1)书信 书信是人类交流的一种最古老也是最重要的方式之一，对于人类的交际具有重要的意义。大学生无论在何时何地， 都需要因为各种原因而给相关人士写信，来表达自己的动机、目的和愿望等。书信分为私人信函和公务信函。私人信函 属于非正式文体，一般是指与熟人、家人和朋友之间进行日常事务交流的信件。私人信件用词可以比较随意，但是语气 要真挚。 公务信件则属于正式文体，通常用于商务和外贸场合，以及公司与公司之间、与客户之间的业务往来等。其中最实 用也是最重要的包括辞职信、请求信、建议信、求职信、道歉信、感谢信、申请信、投诉信、询问信、邀请信和祝贺信 等。 尽管书信类别多样，但是我们一定要牢记，所有的书信都是“万变不离其宗”，只要掌握其格式、框架和基本语气， 就能够写出一篇质量上乘的书信出来。 书信的写作格式 当前的书信格式主要有英式和美式两种。英式结构即缩进式结构，属于比较传统的结构，即每一段的第一行都向里 缩进4-8 个字符，且所有段落的缩进距离必须保持一致;称呼顶格写，落款则在中间偏右的位置。美式结构则是齐头式 结构，在商务英语中比较流行，尤其普遍运用于电子邮件的交流中，其特点是所有段落的第一行都顶格写，段与段之间 空一行，另外称呼、落款等也都顶格写。具体如下所示: 缩进式: Dear Kate, I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot. 2 Yours, Judy 齐头式: Dear Kate, I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot. Yours, Judy 书信的结构: 英文的书信结构通常包括6 个组成部分:信头(heading，包括寄信人地址和日期)、信内地址(inside address，指 收信人地址)、称呼(salutation)、正文(body)、结束语(complimentary)、签名(signature)，有时候还包括附言(postscript) 和附件(attachment)。 一般的考研作文由于篇幅所限，只要求考生在书信中包括称呼、正文、结束语和签名四个部分，因此本章也重点讨 论这四个部分需要注意的一些问题。 称呼: 称呼是书信的开头部分，是写信人对收信人的称谓。无论是私人信件、还是公务信件，一般都以“Dear”作为开头 引出收信人的姓名和头衔。称呼的后面一般都要求加逗号。 在私人信件中，如果写信人与收信人关系比较亲密，则称呼可以比较随意，一般都是“Dear”后面直接加人名，如 “Dear Anna, Dear Tom”等;或者“Dear”后面加长辈的称呼，如“Dear Papa, Dear Aunt”;如果关系不是非常亲密，则 要称呼对方的姓，写做“Dear Mr. Smith, Dear Mrs. Smith, Dear Miss Smith, Dear Ms Smith”。注意，在不知道女士的婚嫁状 况的时候，宜用“Ms.”。 在公务信件中，一般的称呼格式是在收信人头衔后加姓，或者加收信人全名。要特别注意收信人的头衔。具体称呼 方式及缩写如下: 男士:Mr. 女士:Mrs., Ms., Miss 教授/博士:Prof./Dr. 市长、法官、议员或其他高官:Hon. (Honorable，即“尊敬的”) 3 编辑:Editor 不知对方姓名:Dear Sir/Sirs, Dear Madam/Madams, Dear Sir or Madam, To Whom It May Concern 正文: 正文一般包括三个部分。第一部分是开头，需要开门见山地说明写信的原因和目的。如果是写给不认识的人，还要 加上一个简单的自我介绍。如果是回信，还要说明何时收到对方关于什么内容的信。 第二部分是信的核心和主要内容，把开头提出的问题进行充分的说明和解释。 第三部分是信的结尾，通常以礼貌的祝福或者愿望来结束。如: I am looking forward to your reply. Please pass my best wishes to all your family. 结束语: 结束语是写信人对于收信人的谦称和致敬。 在私人信件中，一般可以用“Best wishes, Best regards, Best, Regards, Warmest Regards, Yours, Yours ever, Yours sincerely, Cordially”。如果是用于关系非常亲密的朋友或者亲人，则还可以用“Yours affectionately, Affectionately, Love, Lovingly, Cheers, Your devoted friend, Your loving son (daughter, nephew, niece, grandson, granddaughter, father, mother, husband, wife, etc.)”。 在公务信件中，一般可以用“Yours sincerely, yours faithfully, Yours truly, Yours respectfully, Yours gratefully, Yours cordially”等。 特别是在给一些团体和不知名的个人的正式信件中，除了以上结束语外还可以采用以下形式:Truly yours, Sincerely yours, Faithfully yours, etc. 英文信件结束语形式非常多，对于考生来说如果能够掌握各种情况下的不同结束语自然最好，但是对于应试来说， 考生掌握一个“Yours sincerely”就可以以不变应万变，因为这个结束语普遍适用于私人和公务信件。 签名: 关于签名的注意点就是，考试中不允许考生留下自己的名字，只能用“Li Ming”这个名字。 (2)备忘录 备忘录是用于各部门之间传递信息、提醒和督促对方做某事的一种文书。备忘录一般用于各种机构组织中，在大学 生中用的比较少。备忘录有约定俗成的结构和格式，一般由五个部分组成: To: 收文人 From:发文人 Date: 日期 Subject: 事由，内容只需要用名词或动名词等少数几个词，甚至一个词做简略陈述。 Message: 正文，直入主题，列出最重要的信息或结论。 4 备忘录的内容有如新闻写作，需要包括以下几个要素:谁，什么，何时，何地，为什么。备忘录有可能是通知，也 可能是呼吁人们参加某个活动或采取某个行动，因此，语气一般比较正式、礼貌且简明扼要，表达清楚准确，以使广大 的读者能够迅速正确地理解。需要注意的是，备忘录的收文人只要写全名即可，无需称呼语，结尾处也不需要结束语和 签名。 (3)便笺 便笺是为了各种目的而写的简短书信体留言，用于熟人、亲人、朋友和同事等之间对于近一两天内将发生事情的联 系，如请假条、约会、告别、道歉、借东西、留言等。便笺的形式简单，语言随意、简洁且口语化。 相比较书信而言，便笺的语言和格式都更加轻松。便笺较短，因此必须言简意赅，避免繁文缛节。同时，便笺一般 直接用收信人的名字，省略“Dear”等称呼，结尾处也不用结束语，直接签名。特别需要注意的是，便笺上一定要注明 日期。其中美式英语的日期格式为“Mar. 20, 2007”，而英式英语的日期格式为“20 Mar. 2007”，两种格式都适用于考试。 英语中12 个月份的缩写如下:Jan., Feb., Mar., Apr., May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec. 便笺的形式如下: Mar. 20, 2007 日期 Tom, 称呼 ,, 正文 Anne 签名 二、经典信件背诵 1、辞职信 现代人处在竞争非常激烈的大环境中。为了谋求更好的发展，有很多人，尤其是一些年轻人，辞职、跳槽的现象屡 见不鲜。那么如何写辞职信呢, 写辞职信时要说明辞职原因，有时需说明离开的时间以给对方一个物色接替人选的时间，以免给所在单位造成不必 要的麻烦。然后还要感谢对方曾经给过自己这样的工作机会。 写作“三步走”: 提出辞职—>说明原因，表示遗憾或感谢—>期盼回复 Tips: 在写作辞职信的时候语气一定要诚恳，尤其是要表达遗憾的心情，同时对于原雇主曾经给自己的这份工作机会表达 感激之情。 (1)2005 年真题: 2、请求信 5 请求信是对收信人提出请求，并希望对方满足该要求。写请求信的重点是要写清楚为什么要请求他人做某事，请求 他人做某事的原因。 写请求信时首先要说明写作意图，一定要注意语气要礼貌，用词要规范;然后具体展开说明请求的原因;最后表示 希望对方予以答复。 写作“三步走”: 介绍自己、提出请求—>说明原因及其它事项—>表达谢意、期盼答复 Tips: 在许多情况下，请求信是写给不认识的人或者机构，所以在信的开头可以做一下简单的自我介绍。同时，由于提出 的请求往往都是需要麻烦别人的事情，所以要注意语气的礼貌程度，不要吝啬你的感谢。 (1)2006 年真题 3、建议信 建议信 (Letter of Advice )是对收信人就某一问题提出看法、建议或忠告。建议信不同于投诉信，所以写信人一定 要注意礼貌当先。建议信一般包括以下内容:首先说明写信的目的，其次，在肯定优点的基础上提出自己的建议或看法 (否则别人以为你在投诉，而不是在提建议)，最后表达希望采纳建议。 写作“三步走”: 自我介绍、说明目的—>委婉地提出建议及改进措施，或提出忠告—>礼貌地总结或期盼回复 Tips: 提建议毕竟不是投诉，所以语言一定要委婉、礼貌，顾及他人感情。在提出缺点之前，最好先肯定其优点 (1)2007 年真题 4、求职信 求职信也是申请信的一种，是写信人就某一职位向收信人提出请求。求职信一般包括以下几个方面的内容:首先要 阐述清楚招聘信息的来源，以及所申请的职位;其次简述个人信息;然后进一步强调自己的能力，表达抱负，并请求给予面试机会;最后提出自己的希望，希望得到面试的机会，并且告诉对方你的联系方式。 求职信的语言属于正式用语，在写作过程中一定要注意用词简洁准确，语气礼貌自信，态度不卑不亢，所给信息具有一定的可信度。尤其是在强调自身经历和优点的时候，更应把握尺度。 写作“三步走”: 自我介绍，说明求职目的—>展示个人能力、经历及求职动机—>希望面试机会、表示感谢 Tips: 由于篇幅较短，而申请者需要尽可能地向用人单位推销自己，所以在求职信中宜笼统概说自己的求学和工作经历，突出一至两个吸引眼球的闪光点即可。 (1)Directions: You are a graduate student of X University, and you are interested in the position of business manager that is advertised on the newspaper. 6 Write a letter to the company stating the reasons for your application, your qualification for the position, and asking for an interview. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文: Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to apply for the position of business manager you advertised in yesterday’s China Daily. To briefly introduce myself, I am a graduate student of Peking University majoring in business administration, and expect graduation this June. Not only have I excellent academic performance in all courses, I also possess the rich experience of assisting management staff of several renowned international companies, such as KPMG and Microsoft. My interactive personal skills and teamwork spirit are also appropriate for this post. For further information, please refer to my attached resume. I would be grateful if you could arrange an interview at your earliest convenience. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 译文: 尊敬的先生或女士: 我写信希望申请您昨天在《中国日报》上刊登的招聘业务经理的广告。 首先请允许我简单介绍一下我自己，我是北京大学工商管理专业的大四学生，将于今年 六月份毕业。我不仅学习成绩优秀，而且还有着在国际大公司担任管理人员助手的丰富经历， 比如毕马威公司、微软公司等。我的个人交际能力和团队精神也非常适合这个职 位。如果你需要进一步的信息，请参考附上的简历。 如果你能在方便之时尽早给我安排一次面试，我将不胜感激。 您真诚的， 李明 闪光词汇及词组: business administration: 工商管理 renowned: adj. 著名的interactive: adj. 相互的 teamwork spirit: 团队精神 appropriate: adj. 适当的 refer to: 参考 attach: v. 附上 万能句型: I am writing to apply for the position of…you advertised in yesterday?s… To briefly introduce myself, I am a gradute student of … University majoring in … and expect graduation this June. Not only have I excellent academic performance in all courses, I also possess the rich experience of… My interactive personal skills and teamwork spirit are also appropriate for this post. 7 I would be grateful if you could arrange an interview at your earliest convenienc (2)Directions: You have learnt from the university BBS that a famous IT company is recruiting a software programmer intern. Write a letter to the company?s HR manager, Mr. Wang, to express your wish of applying for the internship, state your qualifications, and suggest a personal interview. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文: Dear Mr. Wang, I am a computer science major from Peking University, and I am writing in response to your advertisement for recruiting a software programmer intern posted on our university BBS yesterday. I hope I can take the job. The main reason for my confidence in this position lies in both my extensive academic training in software programming, and my work experience in the relevant industry which has further polished my abilities. Moreover, I have much spare time this semester, which can ensure my time commitment for the internship. Please find more details in my enclosed resume. Thank you for your time and patience, and I would greatly appreciate it if you could grant me an interview. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 尊敬的王先生: 我是北京大学计算机专业的学生，写这封信希望应聘您昨日在我校BBS 上招募的计算 机编程员实习生职位。我希望我能够得到这份工作。 我认为我适合这个职位的信心来源于两点，一是我在计算机编程方面得到了广泛的学术 训练，二是我在相关行业的实习经历进一 步增强了我在这个领域的能力。此外，我这个学期有很多空余时间，因此可以保证在实习岗 位上的时间投入。具体内容请参见我随信 附上的简历。 感谢您的时间和耐心，如果你能给我一次面试机会将不胜感激。 您真诚的， 李明 闪光词汇及词组: extensive: adj. 广泛的 polish: v. 使„更好 relevant industry: 相关行业 spare time: 空闲时间 ensure: v. 保证 commitment: n. 许诺 enclose: v. 附寄 万能句型: I am writing in response to your advertisement for… 8 The main reason for my confidence in this position lies in… I have much spare time this semester, which can ensure my time commitment for the internship. Please find more details in my enclosed resume. Thank you for your time and patience, and I would greatly appreciate it if you could grant me an interview. 5、道歉信 我们在工作或生活中，有时难免会犯一些错误，写封致歉信 (Letter of Apology)就显 得很有必要。道歉信通常包括 以下内容:表示歉意;道歉的原由;出现差错的原因;提出弥补措施;请求原谅。写道歉信 的语言要诚挚，解释的理由要真实，不要显出丝毫的虚情假意。好的道歉信不仅会取得对方 的谅解，还会增进彼此的感情。 写作“三步走”: 表示歉意—>说明具体原因、提出补救办法—>再次致歉、希望得到理解在写作过程中， 尽可能提供比较合理的理由。如果违反生活常识将导致扣分。在解释完原因后，尽量提供一 个合适的补救办法，使行文更加完满。 (1)Directions: You are invited to a dinner at a friend?s house, but you are not able to attend because of the preparation for a coming examination. Write a letter to your friends to express your apology, explain your reason, and suggest a meeting at another time. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文: Dear Anne, Thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening. Unfortunately, it is much to my regret that I cannot join you and your family, because I will be fully occupied then for an important exam coming the day after tomorrow. I feel terribly sorry for missing the chance of such a happy get-together, and I hope that all of you enjoy a good time. Is it possible for you and me to have a private meeting afterward? If so, please don’t hesitate to drop me a line about your preferable date. I do long for a pleasant chat with you. Please allow me to say sorry again. Regards, Li Ming 亲爱的安: 感谢你邀请我于明日晚上与你和你的家人共进午餐。可是，我非常遗憾地告诉你我无法 赴约，因为我将忙于准备后天的一门重要考试。错过了这么一个欢乐的聚会我深感遗憾，我 希望你们能度过一个愉快的时光。对了，在我考试后我们可以见一面么,如果可以的话请随 时给我打电话，我非常期待能和你愉快地聊天。 9 请允许我再一次致歉。 您真诚的， 李明 闪光词汇及词组: occupy: v. 占用，占 get-together: n. 聚会，联欢会 hesitate: v. 犹豫，踌躇 drop sb. a line: 给某人打一个电话 preferable: adj. 更好的，更可取的 long for sth: 渴望 万能句型: Thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening. Unfortunately, it is much to my regret that I cannot… I feel terribly sorry for missing the change of… Is it possible for you and me to have a private meeting afterwards? If so, please don?t hesitate to drop me a call about your preferable date. Please allow me to say sorry again. (2)Directions: You failed to finish an important task assigned by your professor because of a severe illness. Write a letter to your professor tp express your apology, explain your reason, and suggest a solution to make up the loss. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文: Dear Prof. Patent, I am very sorry to inform you that I did not manage to complete the book report you assigned last week, due to a sudden illness falling upon me a few days ago. For the past few days I have been in hospital with a continuous fever, which has thus prevented me from any academic activity. I hereby submit the doctor’s note. I would be very much obliged if you could grant me another week for the task, as my health is turning better. Hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology. Yours faithfully, Li Ming 译文: 尊敬的Patent 教授: 我非常遗憾地告知您我没有完成您上周布置的读书报告，因为几天前我突然生病了。过 去的几天中我一直持续高烧，住在医院，因此无法进行任何学术活动。随信是医生的诊断书。 如果您能再给一周时间来完成它我将感激不尽，因为现在我的身体正在好转。 希望您能理解我的处境并接受我的道歉。 10 您真诚的， 李明 闪光词汇及词组: assign: v. 分配，指派 fall upon sb: 降临到某人身上 continuous: adj. 持续的 prevent sb from sth/doing sth: 使某人不能做某事 hereby: adv. 因此，据此 submit: v. 提交，递交 obliged: adj. 感激的 grant: v. 同意，准予 万能句型: I am very sorry to inform you that I did not manage to complete…due to… I would be very much obliged if you could grant me another week for the task. Hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology. 6、感谢信 感谢信(Letter of Thanks)通常带有浓厚的感情色彩，具有比较浓的人情味。感谢信通 常分为正式感谢信和非正式感 谢信，前者行文得体、语气礼貌谦恭、用词正式正规;后者语气则更加亲切热情。 写作“三步走”: 表达感谢之情并说明原因—>提及自己曾受到对方的帮助—>再次感谢并表达回报愿 望。 Tips: 表达的感激之情要恰到好处，不要过于夸张。 建议在结尾尽量表达希望回报对方的愿望，显得更加真诚。 Directions: You have just come back from a student exchange program in the U.S. Write a letter to your host family in New York to express your gratitude for their hospitality, describe the help they gave you, offer to repay their help and invite them to visit you. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文: Dear Mr. and Mrs. Smith, I am now back to China safe and sound. In this letter I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you and your lovely children for your kindness and hospitality to host me when I was in New York. Your generous help and tender care made me feel warly welcomed and transformed my first American trip into a beautiful memory. I do hope that your whole family pay a visit to China in future, so that I could have the opportunity to repay your friendship. I assure you that you would enjoy visiting here as I did at your home. I feel obliged to thank you once more. Love, 11 Li Ming 译文: 亲爱的史密斯先生和夫人: 我现在安全健康地回到了中国。通过这封信，我想表达我对于您二位和你们可爱的孩子们衷心的感谢，感谢您对我纽约之行的热 情招待。你们的慷慨和对我的关心使我此行更加愉快，而我的第一次美国之行也因此变成了美好的回忆。 我非常希望你们能在将来访问中国，让我有机会回报你们的友谊，我保证你们会像我在纽约那样度过一个愉快的时光。 再一次向你们表示感谢。 爱你们的， 李明 闪光词汇及词组: safe and sound: 安全健康 convey: v. 传达，转达 heartfelt: adj. 衷心的，真心实意的 generous: adj. 大方的，慷慨的 tender: adj. 温柔的 transform sth into sth: 把...变成 „ pay a visit: 访问 repay: 报答，偿还 万能句型: In this letter I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to… Your generous help and tender care made me feel warly welcomed and transformed my first American trip into a beautiful memory. I assure you that you would enjoy visitng here as I did at your home. I feel obliged to thank you once more. 7、申请信 申请信(Application Letter )有很多种，有求职申请信、有加入某组织的申请信、有报考申请信、有申请学位或留学申 请信，等等。无论哪一种申请信，一般都包括这样几个部分:申请的原因，具备的条件，恳请申请单位考虑自己的申请， 并表示谢意，期望回复。 写作“三步走”: 开宗明义说明申请原因—>展开原因—>期盼回复、表示感谢 Tips: 语言言简意赅，语气诚恳礼貌。 要避免不符合事实的浮夸。 如果是留学申请和奖学金申请，要注意提供以下信息:写明申请学校和专业，简介个人履历，索取对方学校相关信息，附上个人经历等材料 Directions: Being a volunteer for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is your strong wish. Write a letter to the Beijing Olympic Committee to state your application to be a volunteer, describe your qualifications, and express the appreciation of an interview. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. 12 Do not write the address. 范文: Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to express my great interest in the “Olympic Volunteer Recruitment” launched recently by the Beijing Olympic Committee, and I would like to apply as a qualified candidate. As I am an English major, my fluency in both Mandarin and English, as well as my basic command of French, guarantees that I meet the language requirement for the various volunteer positions. More importantly, I have been an enthusiastic participant in many international exchange programs—which are reflected in my attached resume—and therefore, I believe my communication skills make me competent for such a post. Should you grant me an interview, I would be most grateful. Yours truly Li Ming 译文: 尊敬的先生或女士: 我对北京奥组委最近启动的“奥运会志愿者招募”活动十分感兴趣，我认为我是一个合 格的人选并且在此向您推荐我自己。 作为一个英语专业的学生，我的汉语和英语都十分流利，而且还会基本法语，因此我非 常符合各种志愿者职位的语言要求。更重要的是，我一直以来积极热情地参与各种国际交流 项目—这些经历都详细地反映在附件我的简历中—因此，我相信我的交流能力使我 能够胜任这个职位。 如果您给我一个面试的机会，我将感激不尽。 您真诚的， 李明 闪光词汇及词组: launch: v. 开始，启动 fluency: n. 流利 Mandarin: n. 普通话 guarantee: v. 保证 meet the requirement: 符合要求 enthusiastic: adj. 热情的 reflect: v. 反映 be competent for: 胜任(某项工作) 万能句型: I am writing to express my great interest in… I would like to apply as a qualified candidate. As I am an X major… Should you grant me an interview, I would be most grateful. 8、投诉信 在人们的生活中经常会发生一些事情，比如消费利益受损、正常生活和工作受到干扰等 等令人伤脑筋的事情，有时写封投诉信(Letter of Complaint)不失为一个解决的办法。 投诉信通常包括以下几个方面的内容:说明投诉的原因并表示遗憾;实事求是地阐述问 题发生的经过，切记不要夸大其词;指出问题引起的后果;提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对 13 方采取措施或者提出所希望的赔偿以及补救方式。 写作“三步走”: 说明投诉问题—>描述具体情况—>期待解决 Tips: 写投诉信时语气要冷静、郑重、克制，不必过于礼貌。但也要就事论事，不能进行人 身攻击。同时，在描述问题时 尽量采用被动句式，使描述更加客观合理。 Directions: You bought a digital camera in a store last week, and you have found that there is something wrong with it. Write a letter to the store manager to explain the problem, express your complaints and suggest a solution. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文: Dear Manager, I venture to write to complain about the quality of the digital camera I bought last Friday at your store. During the five days the camera has been in my possession, problems have emerged one after another. For one thing, the screen is always black, making the camera no different from a traditional one. For another, the battery is distressing as it supports the camera?s operation for only two hours. Therefore, I wish to exchange it for another camera or declare a refund. I will appreciate it if my problem receives due attention. Yours, Li Ming 译文: 尊敬的经理: 我冒昧给你写这封信，投诉我上周五在您商店里购买的数码相机的质量问题。购买至今 的五天中，各种问题一个接一个地出现。 一方面，相继屏幕总是黑屏，我们使用起来仿佛和传统相机没有区别。另一方面，电池的状 况也不尽人意，只能支持相机工作两个小 时。因此，我希望可以换一个相机，否则我要求退款。我希望这个问题能够得到足够的重视。 谨上， 李明 闪光词汇及词组: venture: v. 冒昧，斗胆 in sb?s possession: 拥有 emerge: v. 显现出来 one after another: 一个接一个 make sth no different from sth: 使„和„没有区别 distressing: adj. 令 人苦恼的，使人痛苦的 万能句型: 14 I venture to write to complain about… For one thing… For another… Therefore, I wish to exchange it for another … or I declare a refund. 9、询问信 询问信(Letter of Inquiry)的主要目的是寻求所需信息，通常包括以下几个方面的内容: 首先表明写作意图，说明写这封信的目的是要寻求什么样的信息;然后就某一具体问题进行 询问;最后表明获取信息的急切心情，可以提供联系方式以便收信人与你联系，并表达你的 感谢之情。 写作“三步走”: 自我介绍、说明目的—>具体询问事宜—>表示感谢、期盼回复 Tips: 询问信的语气通常比较正式、和缓，要充分表达感激之情。同时，相比较语气直接的疑 问句，用一些能够起到提问 作用的陈述句更佳。 Directions: You and your family are planning for a trip to Hong Kong during the May holiday. Write a letter to a travel agency to explain your travel plans, ask for relevant information, and express your gratitude for a reply. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文: Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to ask for information about your agency’s Hong Kong travel pachages for the May holiday. My family and I plan to travel st th there from May 1 to 7 , in which period we would like to visit most of the scenic spots and shopping centers. A DIY progra would be preferable. It would be greatly appreciated if you could provide us with yorutravel packages and their correspondin price per person, covering both hotel and a return ticket. I would be grateful to receive a prompt reply as the holiday is approaching. Yours cordially, Li Ming 译文: 尊敬的先生或女士: 我想询问一下贵旅行社在五一假期的香港旅行计划方面的信息。我和我的家人计划在 5 月1 日至7日去香港旅游，期间我们希望能够访问大部分的旅游景点和购物中心。我比 较倾向于一个自助旅游的计划。如果您给为我提供一份具体的旅游计划及人均价格、其 中包括旅馆和往返机票，我将不胜感激。 由于假期临近，希望您能够尽快回复，谢谢。 您真诚的， 李明 15 闪光词汇及词组: scenic spot: 景点 DIY: do it yourself, 自己动手的，自助的 corresponding: adj. 相应 的 return ticket: 往返机票 approach: v. 接近，靠近 万能句型: I am writing to ask for information about… A DIY program would be preferable. It would be greatly appreciated if you could provide us with your travel packages and their corresponding price per person, covering both hotel and a return ticket. I would be grateful to receive a prompt reply. 52 ----------------------- Page 53----------------------- 10、邀请信 邀请信(Invitation Letter)是写信人对收信人的一种盛情邀约。邀请信分为正式邀请信 和非正式邀请信。非正式邀请用词比较随便;正式邀请信则是向收信人发出正式邀请，用语 和格式均比较规范、严谨。 邀请信通常包括以下几个方面的内容:发出邀请;说明邀请对方做什么事;说明活动时 间和地点;表达期待或感谢之情。 写作“三步走”: 说明邀请目的—>说明活动安排—>期待尽早回复 Tips: 信中要说明关于活动的详细信息，包括活动时间、地点、内容，有时需要说明参加活动 的人员。语气要热情真挚， 但不要强人所难。 Directions: You are going to celebrate your 23rd birthday with a big party. Write a letter to invite your friend Anne to the party. In the letter, please specify the time and the location, explain the activities, and express your wish for her attendance. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文: Dear Anne, I wonder if there is any chance for your to come to my 23rd birthday party at my house on this Saturday night, May the 8th. It would be my pleasure to share the important moments with you. In addition, since you are a fan of rock music, I am glad to tell you that I have invited our campus Rock’n’Roll band, the “Brainbreak”, to perform. There are also arrangements for dancing and cake-cutting, which I am sure you will thoroughly enjoy. The dinner starts at 6 pm so that we can have a nice and long evening. I would love for you to attend, so please let me know your decision. Love, Li Ming 译文: 16 亲爱的安: 不知你这周六(即5 月8 日)晚上是否能够来我家参加我的23 岁生日派队,我非常 想和你一起分享那些重要的时刻。此外，因为你是个摇滚乐歌迷，所以我也很高兴地告诉你， 我还邀请到了我们的校园摇滚乐队“Brainbreak”来我的晚会演出。另外我还安排了舞会和 切蛋糕等活动，相信你一定会玩得很开心。 晚饭将于6 点开始，这样我们就能够享受一个漫长且愉快的夜晚。 我非常希望您能够光临我的晚会，请告知我你的决定。 谨上， 李明 闪光词汇及词组: fan: n. 歌迷，影迷，爱好者 rock music, Rock?n?Roll: 摇滚音乐 arrangement: n. 安排 cake-cutting: n. 切蛋糕 thoroughly: adv. 十分地，彻底地 presence: n. 出席，到场 万能句型: I wonder if there is any chance for your to come to… It would be my pleasure to share the important moments with you. I am glad to tell you that… There are also arrangements for … which I am sure you will thoroughly enjoy. The dinner starts at … so that we can have a nice and long evening. I would love for you to attend, so please let me know your decision. 11、祝贺信 祝贺信是社交中的一种礼仪性信函。通常包括以下几个方面的内容:说明祝贺事由，表 达热烈、诚挚的祝贺;围绕祝贺事件表述贺喜内容;表达美好祝福。 写作“三步走”: 说明事由并表达自己衷心的祝贺—>展开评论事件、赞扬收信人—>再次表达良好祝愿 Tips: 在写作主要内容的时候，可以重点赞扬一下当事人的优秀能力和取得成就的原因、并展 望他将来的美好发展前景等。 Directions: Your friend Jason is elected as the Chairman of the Students? Union of your university. Write a letter to congratulate him, state the reason for his success, and express your best wishes and encouragement. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文: Dear Jason, I am much delighted to learn that you have been elected the Chairman of our University Students? Union. This is a special and happymoment for you and I am very proud of your achievement. The Students? Union plays an essential role in our campus life. Managing and leveraging such an organization not only poses a great challenge to you, but will also fundamentally enhance 17 your ability comprehensively. I believe this position will be a new beginning, and achance for you to embrace a fuller life and pave the way for a brilliant future career. Please accept my most sincere congratulations! Best wishes, Li Ming 译文: 亲爱的詹生: 听说你被选为学生会主席，我感到非常高兴。对你来说，这是一个特殊的时刻、一个高 兴的时刻，我为你的成就而感到骄傲。 学生会在我们的校园生活中起到了重要的作用，要管理和权衡这个组织对于你提出了一 个很大的挑战，同时也将综合地提高你的各方面能力。我相信这是一个新的开始，这个机会 将使你拥抱一个充实的生活、并为你将来的灿烂未来打下基础。 请接受我最诚挚的祝福～ 衷心的祝愿， 李明 闪光词汇及词组: delighted: adj. 高兴的，欣喜的 achievement: n. 成就，功绩 essential: 本质的，基本的， 重要的 play a „ role: 起„„的作用 leverage: v. 衡量，利用 pose a challenge to: 给„„带来挑战 fundamentally: adv. 根本上 enhance: v. 提高，增强 comprehensive: adj. 全面的 embrace: v. 拥抱 pave the way for: 为...铺平道路 brilliant: adj. 灿烂的 万能句 型: I am much delighted to learn that… This is a special and happy moment for you and I am very proud of your achievement. not only… but also… I believe this position will be a new beginning, a chance for you to embrace a fuller life and pave the way for a brilliant future career. Please accept my most sincere congratulations! 三、经典备忘录背诵 写作“三步走”: 写明收文人、发文人、日期和事由—>说明具体事情及原因—>补充细节 Tips: 写备忘录的具体内容之前先把整个格式框架打好，以免时间不够遗忘了细节。 活动通知要说明时间、地点、需要做的准备以及其他注意事项。 要以正式和礼貌的语气来具体说明和解释事件的原因。 (1)Directions: You are the organizer of a spring excursion activity in the suburbs of Beijing this weekend. Write a memorandum to remind the students of your department about the following items: the place to visit, the time and place to meet, and preparation for the activity. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. 18 范文: To: All students of the English Department From: Class Monitor, Li Ming Date: April 15, 2007 Subject: Spring Excursion As spring arrives and the weather turns to be more agreeable, the department has decided to organize a spring excursion in suburban th Huairou District, which is not far away from the city of Beijing, on this Sunday, April 20 . Activities include mountain-climbing and picnic. All students of the English Department are encouraged to participate. We remind you of the necessity of bringing some food and water, as well as wearing comfortable shoes. We will meet at the west gate of the university at 9am, Sunday; a bus has been arranged. Please be punctual so that we have enough time to enjoy the beautiful nature. 译文: 收文人:所有英语系学生 发文人:班长，李明 日期:2007 年4 月15 日 主题:春游 随着春天的来临，气候变得更加宜人，本系决定于本周日，即4 月20 日，组织全系 同学去北京市郊的怀柔踏春郊游。具体活动包括爬山和野餐。我们鼓励所有英语系的同学们 都积极参与这项活动。我们也要提醒大家带上水、食物和舒适的鞋。 我们将在周日上午9 点在学校西门集合等车。请大家准时到达，以便我们有更多的时 间享受美好的自然风光。 闪光词汇及词组: agreeable: adj.惬意的，使人愉快的 spring excursion: 春游 suburban: adj. 郊区的 necessity: n. 必要性，必需品 punctual: adj. 准时的 万能句型: We remind you of the necessity of… Please be punctual so that we have enough time to… (2)Directions: Suppose you are an HR manager of a company, and your department is organizing a computer course for all the company?s employees. Write a memorandum to the staff about the details of the training, including the purpose and content of the course, the time and place of class, and any other relevant information. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. 范文: To: All full-time employees From: HR Manager, Li Ming Date: May 9 , 2007 Subject: Computer course An investigation conducted by the HR Department last month reveals the fact that a high rate of computer illiteracy contributes to a severe inefficiency of our company. As a result, it 19 has been decided that all full-time employees are to attend a computer course—which will take place every Monday night from 7pm to 9pm in the company meeting room A and B—for the duration of two months. Employees are able to osign up for the basic or advanced levels of the course according to their present computer skills. Please register for the course at the the company reception desk before May 15 . Further suggestions will be appreciated so that the program can be more fruitful. 译文: 收文人:所有全职员工 发文人:人力资源经理，李明 日期:2007 年5 月9 日 主题:计算机课程 人力资源部上个月进行的一项调查显示，公司的许多人不会使用电脑导致了工作效率 的低下。因此，我们决定为所有的全职员工开办一个为期两个月的计算机课程，于每周一晚 上7 点到9 点之间在公司的会议室A 和B 举行。每个员工都可以根据自己目前的计算机 水平选择初级或高级课程。请于5 月15 日之前到公司接待处报名。欢迎提出更好的意见 和建议，是我们的这个项目更加富有成果。 闪光词汇及词组: full-time: adj. 全职的 reveal: v. 揭示，展示，显示 illiteracy: n. 文盲 contribute to: 导致 severe: adj. 严重的，严厉的，严峻的 duration: n. 持续时间，为期 register: v. 登记，注册 万能句型: „reveals the fact that… As a result, it has been decided that… Further suggestions will be appreciated so that the program can be more fruitful. 四、经典便笺背诵 写作“三步走”: 日期—>说明事由和目的—>直接署名 Tips: 日期通常写在便笺的右上角。 由于便笺提及的事情通常都是发生在近期的事情，所以日期写明年月即可。 开头的称呼通常直接写名字，省略Dear。称呼和最后的署名都比较简单随意。 (1)Directions: You want to borrow a book from your classmates Kate. Leave her a note which contains the name of the book in need, the time you hope to keep the book, as well as your gratitude. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. 范文: Mar. 8th Kate, I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you 20 that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. With many thanks, Li Ming 译文: 凯特: 不知你是否可以借我你的那本《MLA 学术写作手册》一用呢,我现在正在准备写我 的毕业，需要不时地参考那本书中的标准格式。因此，我需要这本书大约一个半月的时 间，我希望不会因此给你带来麻烦。我保证我会好好保护这本书，不让其受损。如果可能的 话，请给我一个电话，我可以来你家取书。 非常感谢。 李明 闪光词汇及词组: in the process of: 在„„的过程中 consult: v. 参考，请教，商议，咨询 now and then: 不时地 standard: 标准的 万能句型: I wonder if you can… I assure you that I will… If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up… With many thanks, (2)Directions: You are going to attend a concert with your friend Peter. Write a note to tell him what the concert is about. Please also specify the time and place of the concert, the price of the ticket, and where you put the ticket. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. 范文: Sep.20th Peter, Do you remember I mentioned last week that the famous young Chinese pianist Lang Lang is going to hold a concert on our campus? Well, I succeeded in buying two cheapest tickets for both of us, that is, 20 yuan each. I hear that Lang Lang plans to present a diverse combination of works of classical musicians such as Beethoven, Bach and Mozart., which surely will satisfy enthusiastic followers of classical music like you and me. The concert starts at 7pm this Saturday night, and I have left ticket on your desk beside your laptop. See you at the concert. Lin Ming 译文: 彼得: 21 你还记得我上周提起过著名的年轻华人钢琴演奏家朗朗将在我们学校举办音乐会么, 我成功地给我们两个人买到了两张票，是最便宜的20元每张。我听说朗朗计划演奏许多著 名古典音乐家的作品，包括贝多芬、巴赫和莫扎特，这一定能满足像你我这样的古典音乐爱 好者的愿望。音乐会将在周六晚上7 点开始，我把票放在了你的桌上，在笔记本电脑旁边。 音乐会上见～ 李明 闪光词汇及词组: succeed in sth/doing sth: 成功地做某事 diverse: adj. 不同的，多样的 classical musicians, classical music: 古典音乐家，古典音乐 enthusiastic: 热心的，热情的 follower: n. 追随者 laptop: n. 笔记本电脑 (相应的台式机可以成为desktop) 五、经典告示背诵 写作“三步走”: 写明相关信息，如时间、地点等—>简单说明活动内容或背景—>署名 Tips: 一般告示类文体都需要写标题，如Notice 或者Announcement 。 告示类文体主要用于说明或者传达某件事情、某项活动等，重在言简意赅。 如果是关于活动的通知，需要说明活动的内容、时间、地点、参加人员范围以及其它 必要细节。 在告示结尾一般需要写上贴出告示的单位或者个人。 (1)Directions: Suppose you are an secretary of the English Department of X University. Write a notice to inform the teachers and students of this department of a lecture on crosscultural studies. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. 范文: Notice There is going to be a lecture, titled “Across Cultures: Digital Media an Literate Activity”, in the meeting room of the English Department from 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. on Monday, July 11th. The lecture will be given byProfessor Robert Johnson, who is from the Department of Englsih Literature of University of Pennsylvania. Professor Johnson is known for his unique probing of the many connections between literate activity and new information technologies. He will present, in his humorous style, the relation he found between culture and technological development, which you surely will enjoy very much. All the teachers and students are welcome to attend this lecture. English Department 译文: 通 知 7 月11 日周一上午9 点至11 点将在英语系会议室举办一场题为“跨越文化:数码媒 体和文化活动”的讲座。主讲人为罗伯特.约翰逊教授，来自宾西法尼亚大学的英学系。 约翰逊教授对文化活动和新的信息技术之间的关系做了非常独到的研究，并因此而闻名。他 22 将以幽默的风格展示他在文化和技术发展之间关系上的研究成果，相信你们都会很感兴趣。 欢迎广大师生来参加本次讲座。 英语系 闪光词汇及词组: title: v. 以,,为标题 literate: adj. 有文化的，都读写能力的 probe: v. 探查、探明 humorous: adj. 幽默的 万能句型: There is going to be a lecture, titled… in the meeting room of …fromom 10:00 to 12:00 on Monday, July 11th. …which you surely will enjoy very much. All the teachers and students are welcome to attend this lecture. (2)Directions: The famous opera “Cat” will be presented the theatre of your university You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. 范文: Notice Due to bad weather condition, the badminton competition, organized by the College Badminton Club, will not be held in the “May Fouth” Field as it was scheduled. Instead, it will be moved to the Haidian Gymnasium, which is about ten mininutes? walk from the university. All club the members, competitors, and audience students will meet in front of the West Gate of the university at 9:00 a.m., June 5 , to go there togehter. For those who will go by themselves, please refer to the map in below. The event will be last from 9:30 a.m. to 11:30 a. m. Cold drinks and snacks will be provided in the gymnasium. College Badminton Club 译文: 通 知 由于天气状况不佳，学院羽毛球俱乐部举办的羽毛球比赛原定于在五四运动场的计划 将取消。活动将转移到距离学校10分钟路程的海淀体育馆举办。所有的俱乐部成员、参赛 者、学生观众将于6 月5 日上午9 点在学校的西门集合，一起前往体育馆。单独前往的 同学，请参考下面的地图。活动时间为9:30 到11:30。我们将在体育馆中提供冷饮和零 食。 学院羽毛球俱乐部 闪光词汇及词组: badminton: n. 羽毛球 field: n. 运动场 schedule: v. 确定时间 gymnasium: n 体育馆 snack: n. 零食，小吃 第二部分:短文写作 3、对策阐析 23 (3)图画作文和图表作文的写作策略 我们认为攻克图画作文的关键在于仔细分析、观察细节。虽然考研写作时间非常紧张，但是花2-3 分钟细心观察图画是具有决定性意义的。观察图画的同时可以在草稿纸上作相应的笔记:写出你认为图画中反映的是一个什么样的社会现象和问题; 简单写下图画中的一些细节，如2001 年作文中的蜡烛烛光是以一个笑脸的形式体现出来的。迅速分析这些细节 标明哪些是重点、哪些是次重点、哪些无关紧要，在写作的时候便能够自如把握需要详细描述的信息。 查漏补缺。检查是否有遗漏的信息，因为越是简单的图画就越容易使人忽略一些细节。例如在2005 年的图画中 如果仔细观察可以发现，是大儿子把父亲踢了出来，而其他几个儿女是做防守动作，防止老父被踢到自己的球门。当然在发现遗漏的信息之后也需要进一步判断是否需要将这一信息加入自己的作文中。 在完成观察作文的步骤以后，考生需要做的是在草稿纸上列一个简单的提纲。许多考生认为在考场上列提纲是一件浪费时间的事情，但是实践证明列提纲是作文制胜的又一法宝。首先，我们在上文的分析中指出，考研作文的判卷过程中，考官更加注重文章的整体架构和形式，其次才是内容。在列提纲的同时，考生不得不在开始写作之前构思好文章的组织脉络，因此可以做到胸有成竹。此外，考生在写作过程中会时不时地回过头来看一看自己的提纲，可以使作文紧紧围绕中心和提纲进行，有效地防止离题。需要注意的是，由于提纲是给自己看的，所以没必要写的很正式，随便写几个英文单词甚至中文词语也可以，只要自己明白即可。在平时的练习中，考生最好也能够养成列提纲的好习惯，这种宏观把握文章的能力不仅对于考研作文、对于以后其他各个领域的写作也都大有裨益。需要说明的是，我们这里指的提纲不是考题中已经给出的提纲，而是根据考题的提纲写出自己的行文思路、大意和 要点等。 接下来就是正式的写作步骤。我们来详细分析一下三段的具体写作要点(我们在本书的“高分句型”和“万能模版”部分将分别提供对每一个段落行之有效的句型和模版):第一段主要是描述图画中的信息和表达的含义。考生在第一句话中应该开门见山地说明图画中谈论的是什么事情;第二句话进一步描述细节、但不要用于第一句话相同的表达方式;第三句话点明图画的象征意义。 注意点:如果图中有中文说明的话，要尽量将中文句子译出或者以其他方式表达出来。但切忌生硬地翻译中文，如 1998 年作文中的那首打油诗就没有必要翻译出来。 第二段的全文的重点，一般都是要求具体分析图画中暗含的社会现象。考生在提出一个总论点之后，可以通过“firstly, secondly, thirdly”等形式提出分支论点，进行详细阐发。在论证过程中可以采用并列论证、对比论证、举例论证、逻辑论证等方式。 第三段的要求一般视具体的试题而定，有的要求给出自己的评论、有的要求举例、有的要求考生提出自己的建议以及针对现象应该采取的措施。所以考生需要看清题目要求，不要死套模板，写的风马牛不相及。同时，无论是自己的评论、例子还是建议措施都要紧扣主题，还要符合常识。考生要学会灵活地运用自己平时积累的材料，切忌生搬硬套，在考试的时候要采用自己熟悉和能够把握的材料。同时，也要善于展开丰富的联想，避免文章落入俗套。 注意点:第二段和第三段的开头最好写一个主题句，既可以防止离题，又符合英文写作的习惯。同时，全文的段与段之间、句与句之间做好衔接和过渡的工作。 在完成写作以后，正如我们在应用文部分提出的要求一样，考生仍然要用至少1 分钟的时间浏览全文，迅速发现语法、标点等方面的小错误，尽量减少客观情况丢分的可能性。需要特别指出的是，检查的时候把范围仅仅锁定在小错误上，不要进行内容上大的改动，一来时间不允许，二来大的内容改动未必对文章有改进作用，三来大面积修改会破坏卷面整洁，反而会破坏文章的第一印象。 24 图表+ 提纲作文 考研作文已经出现过的图表作文包括1997 年的柱状图(bar chart)和饼状图(pie chart)，1999 年的曲线图(line chart/ line graph )。其它常见的图表还包括表格(table )、流程图(flow chart )等。 在进行写作之前，我们同样要观察和分析图表。此时我们需要带着问题去观察: 这个图表或者这组图表是关于什么内容的; 图表中有哪些具体项目组成、分别有什么作用和含义; 图表中有哪些重要数据(可以用铅笔在图中圈出); 如何分析这些数据，是把重点放在数据本身，还是重点分析数据变化的趋势。如果是一组图表，还要分析彼此之间有什么样的关联; 如果从图表中得出一个中心思想或者主题句。 接下来的几个写作步骤可以参考上文关于图画作文的分析，具体包括列提纲和如何组织三段论、以及最后的检查和修改等。此外，针对图表作文的特点，我们还提出了以下一个注意点: 不同的图表本身就暗示了考生应该关注的分析点。如柱状图和曲线图重点在于指出变化趋势，而饼状图则侧重于各个部分的数值和所占百分比、即体现了整体和局部的关系，流程图在于过程和各个阶段的不同情况。以上四种图表一般都会有说明文字，如横坐标和纵坐标上的说明等，需要格外关注。表格的难度相对要更高，需要考生自己找出重点数据、并仔细观察数据来发现变化和趋势等。无论哪种形式的图表，考生万勿简单地罗列数据和信息，因为考研作文考察的重点是分析能力。 要密切关注图表上一些重点区位，如果曲线的峰值、谷值、突然的转折，曲线的交汇点。其它图表中数值的极值,数据或者百分比大幅度增加或者减少的地方等等，这些往往都是图表暗含的中心意思所在。 图表写作的事态采用一般现在时，如果题目中有具体关于过去和将来时间的提示，则根据情况采用过去时和将来时。 图表的描述也有一些固定的表达法，考生需要在平时练习中积累(本书“高分句型”部分也提供了丰富的表达法)。 由于图表往往提供了比图画更加丰富的信息，考生需要提高鉴别分析信息的能力，找出最重要的数据。由于数据繁多，也更容易遗漏，所以最后的查漏补缺工作也显得尤其重要。 (4)写作注意事项 词汇 英语写作讲究用词准确而且正式。同时，英语的词汇非常丰富，一个词语通常都有许多同义词和近义词。考生如果 平时注意积累并加以练习，就能够熟练在考试中运用。下面我们举一些英语词汇变化的例子。 help out—>assist; set up to—>establish; go up—>increase; cut down—>reduce; find out—>determine; look into—>investigate; bring up—>raise; come up with—>create; go up and down—>fluctuate good—>considerable; get—>obtain; a lot of—>numerous; things that will happen—>consequences 语法 85 ----------------------- Page 86----------------------- 英文写作非常讲究语法，尤其是考研作文作为正式文体，需要注意以下几点小细节: 尽量少用缩写形式。如don?t, can?t, won?t 写做do not, cannot, will not 等。 25 用更加正式的否定形式。如not „ any 写做no, not „ much 写做little, not many 写做few 等。 例如: He did not say any words. He said no words There are not many chances available. There are few chances available. 尽量少用”etc.”, “and so on”等表达方式。 例如:Activities include dancing, singing, etc. Activities include dancing, singing, and other fun stuff. 尽量把副词和动词放在一起。 例如: Consequently we may arrive at the conclusion that„ We may consequently arrive at the conclusion that… 标点 英语中没有顿号，在汉语需要顿号的情况下可以用逗号。 汉语中的引言通常都是:“”的格式，而英语中不用冒号，用逗号，如, “ “. 书名、文章名等出版物名称用下划线或者斜体字表示(手写时用下划线)。 破折号可以用于在一个句子的前面或后面加入额外的注释，灵活地运用破折号可以使长句 子变得更加生动，增加文章的文采。 常用程度和语句副词 常用的程度副词包括:absolutely, almost, awfully, completely, considerably, deeply, entirely, exactly, extremely, fairly, greatly, hardly, immensely, increasingly, more and more, much, nearly, partly, perfectly, profoundly, quite, rather, scarcely, slightly, somehow, somewhat, thoroughly, to some extent, utterly, very. 常用语句副词包括:actually, admittedly, certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily, more importantly, naturally, surprisingly, obviously, perhaps, preferably, probably, possibly, strangely, superficially, surely, technically, theoretically, undeniably, unexpectedly, unfortunately. 常用逻辑连接词 英语文章强调文字之间的严格逻辑关系，这些逻辑关系通过逻辑连接词来具体体现。 因此，考生需要掌握丰富的词汇，有助于文章的组织结构，从而为文章增色。 因果关系:„ and so„; another important factor/reason „; as a consequence; as a result; as; because; because of; being that; consequently; due to; for the reason that; for the same reason; for; hence; for this reason; in consequence; in that… ; in viewof; owing to; since; so; … so that…; the reason seems obvious; there are about…; therefore; thus; obviously; evidently 并列关系:and; also; as well as; both „ and „; either„ or „; neither„ nor „; not only„ but also„; in the same way; too 序列关系: first„, second„, third„, and so forth; A„, B„, C„, and so forth; next; then; following this; at the same time; now; at this point; after; afterwards; subsequently; finally; previously; before this; simultaneously; concurrently; thus; therefore; hence; next; and then; soon 递进关系:accordingly; as a popular saying goes„; as far as„ is concerned; at the same time; besides; even; further; furthermore; in addition; in order to…; in other words; in the first place…, in the second place…; 26 in this way; meanwhile; moreover; not only…, but also…; not… but…; lastly; for one thing…, for another… 时空关系:afterwards; as soon as; at least; before; eventually; every; first; first of all; first and foremost; for a start; meanwhile; in the meantime; while; now; next; not … until; later; formerly; previously; prior to; since then; since; subsequently; till; to begin with; to start with; when; then 转折关系:yet; but; unless; despite that; in spite of; though; although; although this may be true; even so; even though; however; sometimes; once in a while; independent of; reckless of; regardless of 条件关系:as long as; even if; even though; if it necessary; if not all; if possible; if so; if; lest; once; provided that; unless 重复关系:in brief; as I have said; as I have noted; as has been noted; as is mentioned above 比较关系:apart from; by the same token; compared with; in comparison with; in the same vein; like; likewise; rather than; similarly; similarly important; equally; when compared with; when in fact… 举例关系:a good example would be; for example; for instance; in this case; in another case; on this occasion; in this situation; take the case of; to demonstrate; to illustrate; according to; as an illustration; as for; as regards; as to; in particular; including; namely; notably; such as; like; take… as an example; you may say 对比关系:after all; as opposed to; balanced against; up against; vis a vis; where; conversely; on the one hand„ on the other hand…; contrary to; conversely unlike; different from this; however; in contrast; nevertheless; on the contrary; oppose to; whereas; while 强调关系:definitely; extremely; obviously; absolutely; positively; naturally; surprisingly; always; forever; perennially; eternally; emphatically; never; unquestionably; without a doubt; certainly; surely; undeniably; without reservation; believe it ornot; especially; particularly; in particular; specifically; in fact; as a matter of fact; actually; in deed; moreover; not to mention…; what is more important; notably; that is; 总结关系:accordingly; altogether; as a result; consequently; hence; in one word; in brief; in short; in other words; in summary; on the whole; in conclusion; overall; the conclusion can be safely drawn that…; therefore; to conclude; to sum up; summing up; as I have shown; as I have said; hence; all in all (5)提高写作能力的整体策略和技巧 众所周知，“一口吃不成一个大胖子”，应对考研写作不仅仅需要考生在考试之前进行 强化训练，更需要在平时坚持练习和积累。 背诵范文 背诵范文就是一个很好的方法，通过朗读和背诵，考生能够迅速掌握并牢记各种精彩 词汇、词组和句型，更能够大大增强英语语感。而掌握语感是学会另一门语言的关键所在， 也是一条捷径。 扩大词汇量 考研作文对于语言的要求之一就是能够运用不同的方式来表达同一个思想和含义，这就 27 自然要求考生扩大词汇量，并灵活运用于文章中。平时可以随身带一个小本，记下生动有趣 的单词，并且随时背诵。另一个有效扩大词汇量的方法就是积累在考研作文中常用词汇的同 义词和近义词。这里向大家推荐一个网站，www. thesaurus.com, 这个网站可以帮助 大家查到丰富的同义词。 例如，我们可以查到“show”的同义词有: appear, arrive, assert, be visible, blow in, clarify, come, demonstrate, determine, disclose, discover, display, divulge, elucidate, emerge, establish, evidence, evince, explain, get, get in, illustrate, indicate, instruct, lay out, loom, make known, make out, manifest, mark, materialize, note, ostend, point, present, proclaim, project, prove, reach, register, reveal, show face, show up, teach, testify to, turn up, unveil 等。 “conclude”的同义词有:accomplish, achieve, bring about, carry out, clinch, confirm, decide, determine, effect, establish, fix, pull off, resolve, rule, work out “greatly”的同义词有:abundantly, by much, conspicuously, eminently, emphatically, enormously, exceedingly, exceptionally, extremely, famously, glaringly, highly, hugely, immeasurably, immensely, incalculably, incomparably, incredibly, indeed, infinitely, inimitably, intensely, largely, markedly, mightily, most, much, notably, powerfully, remarkably, strikingly, superlatively, supremely, surpassingly, tremendously, vastly, very, very much 我们可以发现这其中的很多词语都可以用到考研作文中。 扩大阅读量。 学习语言就要增大阅读量。考生可以在平时选取一些休闲类的英语读物用作准备考研 的紧张生活中的一种调剂，如曾经风靡一时的“书虫”系列等。现在这类读物在书店中随处 可见，非常容易买到。在阅读过程中，考生要做一个有心人，随时记下自己认为较好的词汇、 词组和句型。 此外，还可以多看看英语报纸杂志，不仅可以学到最新的词汇，也可以找到更多当前社 会比较流行的话题，汲取不同的思路和观点，这些都与考研作文有很大的关联。现在这类出 版物在国内也越来越多，比如21st Century, China Daily 等报纸，国外的杂志像有名的Times, Newsweekly, Economist 等也都能够较容易地买到过刊。不过我们不建议考生去读大部头 的英文著作，一来消耗时间，二来大书中的词汇反而不如报纸杂志上的灵活生动、贴近生活。 另外，考研试题中的阅读材料也可以作为考生积累素材的源泉。首先，由于阅读试题和 写作试题同属于一套体系，出卷者在出题时必然会承袭一致的思想。其次，阅读材料都是出 卷者选取的从内容到形式上都可以作为模范和典型的文章，自然也对写作有启发和帮助的作 用。 纠正中文思维 大部分中国学生在写作英文作文的时候仍然会采用中文的思维方式，在构思文章、段落， 甚至是写每一个句子的时候都先用中文想好，然后再用英文翻译出来。这种做法导致的结果 就是文章不仅行文不符合英文的规律，读起来也让人觉得非常不舒服。纠正中文思维习惯的 关键依然在于培养英文语感，同时考生在平时的练习中也要尽量让自己用英文来思考。 尤其要注意的一点是，很多考生在考试过程中把一些中文的成语、谚语翻译成英文，这 种做法非常不好。因为大部分中国的成语和谚语在英文中没有对应的现成翻译，考生贸然翻 译结果导致写出来的英文非常拗口、且让人不知所云。 最好的办法是直接掌握英文的谚语，并灵活运用到文章中。本书的最后一部分也会提供我们 收集的英文经典谚语，以方便广大考生之需。 考前作文复习步骤 28 在自己搜集的资料基础上，多看多读多背，并尽量建立适合自己的各类作文模板。 刚开始进行写作练习时，前五篇文章的写作可以不计时，考生可以充分地思考、以保证文章的质量为重点。 在考前一个月的时间内，每天争取在同一个时间练习一篇文章的写作，以便养成在那个时间进行英文思考和写作的习惯。最好把这个时间选在和研究生入学考试英语的考试时间相同的时间进行，那么在考研实战的时候 大脑能够迅速进入和适应写作状态。 平时养成修改文章的习惯。每天写完文章后立刻进行修改，时间长了以后可以总结出自己容易出错的地方和一些规律，形成自己的修改体系。那么，考生在实际考试中也能够提高短时间内修改的效率，减少文章的错误。 考前几天要多看:范文、自己平时练习写出的文章、模板、自己搜集的资料等。 二、经典短文背诵 1、身体健康类 (1)1997 年真题。Directions: Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 120 words. Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below: 1. Interpret the following pictures. 2. Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons. 真题分析: 这是典型的图表+提纲式的命题，题目中提供的材料十分丰富，包括柱状图、饼状图以及其他相关数据。组图充分反映了当代烟草消费的规模、危害和趋势，是人们普遍关心的热点话题之一。通过对组图的分析，我们可以看出烟草在全世界有着十分庞大的消费群体规模，每年因为烟草消费消耗的资金数额大得惊人，同时也有数以百万计的人由于烟草消费而被夺去了生命。当然，我们从图中也可以发现一个令人欣喜的趋势，那就是烟草的总产量在近几年呈下降的态势，一定程度上说明了烟草消费引起的健康问题开始得到了人们的重视，并出现了相关的解决措施。 本题的难点在于图表给的信息量太大，考生如何最恰当地在全文中使用数据将决定文章的质量。如果一味将所有数据都堆在第一段，会造成第一段过于冗长，全文头重脚轻。在下面的范文中，图表数字得到了灵活的运用，比较得体。比如文章在一开始先用烟民人数占全世界人数的比例来说明了烟草消费的巨大规模，然后又通过该行业消耗的人民财产 和生命进一步说明产业之大、对人类危害之重。而至于第一幅图中关于烟草产量的数字则被用到了第二段中来说明未来的趋势，非常得体、恰当。 思路拓展: 近年来国人越来越关注健康问题，随着2008 年北京奥运会的即将到来，在中国更是 29 掀起了全民健身的热潮。因此健康问题将是中国社会的一个长期热点问题，考生应该在这方 面积累素材、有所准备。相关话题可以引申到知识分子的身体健康问题、全民健身热潮、健 康意识、锻炼身体的习惯、健康与安全等等，这些都是平时经常可以遇到的一些话题。 范文: Tobacco is one of the commodities that are consumed in an immense amount worldwide. From the pictures, we can learn that the global smoking population amounts to 1.1 billion, approximately 20% of all the worlds’ residents. 200 billion dollars are spent annually in order to purchase tobacco and relevant products,which furthe stimulat thebusiness’ flourishing development. Meanwhile, the harm caused by tobacco consumption is experiencing a similar upward trend—statistics indicates that 3,000,000 people die ofsmoking and related diseasesevery year. Nevertheless, given the pessimistic statistics at the present, we can still predict optimistically that tobacco consumption will decline based on several new tendencies that are emerging. In the first place, there is an extensive public awareness of the negative impact of smoking, and as a result, more people resist the tempetation of cigarettes. In the second place, governments are setting more regulations to limit tobacco production. The effectiveness of such a policy was testified by the prompt drop of the tobacco production from 14.364 billion in 1994 pounds to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995 as seen in the picture. In short, I firmly believe that, with the efforts of the whole society, we can launch more movements to realize a cleaner world with less smoking. 译文: 烟草是一种在全世界有着巨大消费量的商品。从图中我们可以看出，全世界的烟民已经 到达了11 亿，约占全世界总人口的20%。人们每年花在购买烟草以及相关产品的费用就达 20 亿美元，进一步促进了烟草业的繁荣。同时，烟草消费带来的危害也日益增长——统计 数据显示每年有300 万人死于由抽烟引起的相关疾病。 尽管目前的数据非常悲观，但是从一些新的趋势中，我们可以乐观地预测烟草消费将会 有所下降。首先，公众普遍意识到了抽烟的负面效应，因此，越来越多的人拒绝烟瘾。其次， 各国政府正在制定各项措施限制烟草的生产。图中显示烟草生产从1994 年的143.64亿磅下 降到了1995 年的14.2 亿磅，这就证明了政府措施的有效性。 总而言之，我坚信在全社会的努力下，我们可以发起更多的运动，来实现一个更干净的 无烟世界。 闪光词汇及词组: in an immense amount: 以极大的数量 amount to: 达到，总计 approximately: adv. 大 约，近似 annually: adv. 年度地，每年一次purchase: v./ n. 采购，购买 flourishing: adj. 繁 荣的，欣欣向荣的 decline: 下降、衰落 emerge: v. 出现，浮出 temptation: n. 诱惑 testify: v. 测试 launch: v. 发行，发起，投入 万能句型: From the pictures, we can learn that… Nevertheless, given the pessimistic statistics at the present, we can still predict optimistically that In the first place … In the second place … In short, I firmly believe that (2) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should: 1) describe the drawing briefly, 30 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) state your point of view.You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2. 范文: The picture depicts a typical Chinese scholar who keeps working late at night, while the presence of his wife and child behind clearly indicates the man’s pressure of supporting a whole family. What is strikingly noticeable is the scholar’s exceptional skinniness, but it can be easily explained by the simple food, bottles of medicine, and poor working environment shown in the picture. The discernable unhealthiness of this hard-working scholar discloses a prevalent phenomenon that has long existed in China’s academia. Intellectuals are not highly respected and they enjoy unsatisfactory material benefits with particularly unattractive salaries due to low social position. In addition, family, social, and academic stresses are so immensely exerted on intellectuals that they are forced to work diligently and ceaselessly. As a result, the integration of poor living conditions and work pressure leads naturally to their poor health and short life-span, just as the picture shows us. The situation is rather depressing because intellectuals in fact contribute greatly to our country’s development, and it is largely owing to their painstaking efforts that pave the way for advancement and prosperity. To solve this problem, I think there should be a thriving social trend of showing respect to knowledge and intellects, and those who endeavor to explore new knowledge should be rewarded with good living and working conditions. 译文: 这幅图刻画了一个典型的中国知识分子的形象，他一直工作到深夜，背后的妻子和孩子 显示了他有着很大的养家的压力。值得我们注意的是这个学者格外削瘦，但这很容易通过图 中简单的食物、药罐以及较差的工作环境得到解释。 这个勤奋学者的不健康状况显示出中国学术界一个长期存在的现象。一方面，知识分 子没有受到尊重，他们享受的物质条件也非常差，尤其是由于他们的社会地位很低，他们的 工资也相应地非常少。另一方面，知识分子们承担着巨大的家庭、社会和学术压力，导致他 们被迫非常勤奋地不停地工作。因此，恶劣的生活条件和巨大的工作压力自然导致他们较差 的健康和较短的寿命，正如图中告诉我们的那样。 这种情况非常令人失望，因为知识分子实际上对我们国家的发展做出了巨大的贡献，而 且正是因为他们的不懈努力引向了我国的发达和繁荣。为了解决这个问题，我认为全社会要 掀起尊重知识、尊重知识分子的高潮，而那些辛勤地探索新知识的人们应该得到较好的工作 31 和生活环境等回报。 闪光词汇及词组: exceptional: adj. 例外的，特别的 skinniness: n. 消瘦 discernable: adj. 可观察到的，可辨别的 disclose: v.揭露，透露 prevalent: n. 普遍的，流行的 academia: n. 学术界 immensely: adv. 非常，广大的，巨大的 diligently: adv 勤勉地 life-span: n 寿命 painstaking: adj 努力的 pave the way to 为„„铺平道路，为„„做好准备 endeavor: v. 努力，尽力 万能句型: The picture depicts… What is strikingly noticeable is… The situation is rather depressing because… To solve the problem, I think there should be… „ it is largely owing to… 2、职业道德类 (1)1998 年真题。Directions: Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words. Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below: 1. Write out the message conveyed by the cartoon. 2. Give your comments. 真题分析: 本题是考研短文作文中采用漫画来作为试题的第一次尝试。图中一只母鸡在高唱产品承诺，但是我们看一看其承诺会不禁哑然失笑，因为所谓的“承诺”只不过的它的本分。漫画形象生动了反映了当今社会上一个普遍而又奇怪的现象，也就是商家故意混淆“吹嘘”和“分内事”之间的关系，从而误导消费者。本题的难点在于考生需要从大量的文字信息中找到中心思想。这里的一大忌讳就是盲目翻译打油诗和母鸡的承诺，因为这不仅会占用很多字数，而且不伦不类的翻译还会降低文章的质量。这就进一步说明了在写作图画作文的时候，抓住中心思想、提炼观点才是关键。 思路拓展: 职业道德问题也是中国的经济和社会发展中一个值得人们长期关注的关键问题之一。在市场经济大潮中，许多人在利益的驱使下纷纷都失去了道德和理智，以假冒伪劣产品和劣质的服务来欺瞒消费者，损害消费者的利益。相关话题还包括近年来社会上大力抨击的商业欺诈问题，以及努力倡导“诚信”原则等。相关的领域几乎可以囊括各行各业，包括工业制造业、商业、教育、医药、娱乐界等等热门行业和产业。考生应该注意在平时搜集相关资料，做到举一反三。 32 范文: The cartoon presents a hen singing proudly about her promise of producing good-quality eggs. However, a quick glance at her words reveals ironically that the so-called “promise”—round eggs composed of the three necessary parts of shell, white and yolk—is, as a matter of fact, what a hen is supposed to produce. The hen mirrors a phenomenon that permeates our society, that is, businesses utilize the basic features of their products and services asthe selling points for their advertisement campaigns. These “beautiful promises” tend to shape a false impression in the consumers’ mind that the products and services are of extraordinary characteristics. In this sense, the promise of one’s own responsibility is like a method of cheating, and is quite against professional morals, although there is no evidence of dishonesty if the words are examined literally. In my point of view, other than promising what one should do, the secret for business success is to have the consumers understand what extra advantages they would be provided with. Such an initiative can push businesses to conduct profound research, dedicate themselves to innovation, and concentrate on quality improvement and perfection, thus leading to healthy industry development and positive social effects. Consequently, businesses themselves are surely to benefit more from a wholesome market environment. 译文: 这幅漫画显示了一只母鸡正在骄傲地高歌其生产的优质鸡蛋。可是瞥一眼她说的话，我 们就能发现所谓的“承诺”—即下蛋不见棱角，保证蛋皮、蛋清和蛋黄—其实是任何母鸡应 该做的事情。 这只母鸡反映了现在社会上普遍存在的一个典型现象，即一些商家在广告中故意用产品 和服务的基本特征来作为宣传的噱头。这些“美丽的承诺”给消费者们造成了虚假的印象， 使他们认为面对着的产品和服务拥有一些非凡的特点。从这个意义上来说，对于自己本该履 行的责任的承诺就好像商业欺骗，违反了职业道德，尽管从字面上来说没有欺诈的痕迹。 我认为，商业成功的秘密不在于承诺做自己应该做的事情，而是应该让消费者得到额外的好 处。这会促使企业加大和深入研究工作、致力于创新、关注产品质量的提高和完善，从而取 得健康的产业发展和积极的社会效应。商家自身也会因此从一个更加健康的市场环境中得到 更多的好处。 闪光词汇及词组: so-called: 所谓的 as a matter of fact: 实际上 utilize: v. 利用 selling points: adj. 卖点 tend to: 易于，倾向于 in this sense: 在这个意义上， 万能句型: The cartoon presents… However, a quick glance at … reveals ironically that … „ mirrors a phenomenon that permeates our society, that is… In my point of view…Consequently … (2) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should: 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) suggest counter-measures. You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2. 33 “忧”质产品 范文: The above picture features a man who is quite bothered and dissatisfied with his new toothbrush, which is of poor quality. As the caption indicates, the toothbrush is not a product of good attributes, but of unsatisfactory ones. We can also guess that such a toothbrush may hurt the man’s teeth as well as his mood, inconveniencing him greatly. It is more than clear on this occasion that the cartoonist wishes to draw more attention to the problem of poor-quality products prevailing in our society. The harm of such a phenomenon is self-evident. On the micro level, consumers are vastly hurt by these products, which might even be life-threatening. On the macro level, if low-quality products continue to spread, they will damage the normal function and operation of a healthy market economy. Therefore， I strongly contend that immediate measures be adopted to address the quandary. First and foremost, the government should make relevant regulations so as to severely punish manufacturers of poor products. Secondly, Consumer Association and other legal procedure should be further smoothed so that consumers possess the right channel to report related issues. Last but not least, enterprises and companies should enhance their awareness of the importance of proceeding excellent commodities. 译文: 上图画出了一个男人对于他的新牙刷感到十分不满和烦恼，因为该牙刷的质量太差。正 如标题所示，这支牙刷并不是优质产品，而是“忧”质产品。我们可以猜到这支牙刷不仅可 能伤害这个人的牙齿，也破坏了他的心情，给他带来了很多不便。 很清楚，作图者希望更多的人关注社会上泛滥的低质量产品的问题。这种现象的害处是 不言自明的。从微观角度看，这类产品会极大地伤害消费者的利益，甚至可能威胁到他们的 生命。从宏观角度看，如果低质量的产品继续传播到我们社会的每一个角落，就会破坏健康 市场经济的正常功能和运行。 因此，我强烈建议必须要采取紧急的措施来处理这个问题。首先，政府应该制定相关 法规，严惩造假者。其次，健全消费者协会和其他的诉讼机制，以便消费者能够有一个顺畅 34 的渠道来报告类似事件。最后，企业和公司要提高对生产优质产品重要性的认识。 闪光词汇及词组: bother: v. 烦扰、打扰 caption: n. 标题 attribute: n. 特点、特征 mood: n. 心情、情绪 prevailing: adj. 流行的 self-evident: adj. 不言而喻的，不证自明的 vastly: adv. 广大地，很 大程度上life-threatening: v. 威胁生命的spread: v. 传播 quandary: n. 困境 smooth: v. 使„„顺利 channel: n. 渠道 万能句型: The above picture features… It is more than clear on this occasion that the cartoonist wishes to draw more attention to the problem of… On the micro level…On the macro level… Therefore, I strongly contend that immediate measures be adopted to address quandary. 3、人口增长类 (1)1999 年真题。Directions: Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words. Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below: 1. Effect of the country?s growing human population on its wildlife 2. Possible reason for the effect. 3. Your suggestion for wildlife protection. 真题分析: 本题为多年来考研作文短文题目中仅有的一道纯图表题目。图中只给出了一大一小两幅 简单的线形图，要求考生分析两幅图之间的关系，总结出题目的主题和内涵。 针对本题， 我们所要做的第一步是仔细阅读图中的文字说明和数据，特别注意数据的变化趋势。但是， 在文章中切忌简单罗列所有数据，不仅会使文章无端地增加长度，还会使考官无法抓住文章 主题。对于数据的处理一般都是进行概括分析，仅举几个典型的数据为例来说明问题。 第一幅线形图中，美国人口在1800 年至1980 年至短短200 年之间增长了近250 倍， 35 而从1700 年至1900 年200 年间美国的生物灭绝速度却增加了70 倍。人口增长的速度和 物种灭绝的速度正好成正比。由此可以推断，题目要求考生认清这两者之间的关系，认识到 人口的增长和扩展严重威胁到了物种的生存，从而要求考生在文章中分析问题产生的原 因，提出解决方案。 思路拓展: 人口的失控增长是近几十年来全球的热点话题之一。人口的扩张不是一个简单的问题， 而是涉及空间、资源控制、生态平衡、环境污染、经济发展、社会保障和福利等等一系列、 全方位涉及到人类在地球上生存和发展的问题。当今世界上的许多疾病、矛盾、甚至是战争， 都是由于人口爆炸而引起的。此外，人口问题还涉及到人口质量、身体健康、性别比例、人 口增长与财富分配、老龄化等常见话题。考生可以在平时的新闻报道中找到足够的信息，而 可以多找一些报纸杂志上的评论文章上阅读，为自己积累论点和论据等。 范文: Currently, there is a widespread concern about the previously neglected connection between growing human population and decreasing wild species. As the two graphs obviously portrayed, American population in 1980 was 250 times than that in 1800, a trend accompanied by the extinction of nearly 70 kinds of wildlife in the past 300 years. A clear correlation is suggested that mankind has exerted a tremendously negative influence on natural species. There are many factors responsible for the aforementioned tendency. First and foremost, to satisfy the space demand for the booming population, the only available solution for Americans is to take occupation of forests and grassland. that used to be habitat of wild animals and plants. Furthermore, the process of industrialization and urbanization has generated severe pollution that essentially destroys environment and ecosystem. In my point of view, the dearth of wildlife today forecasts an unpromising future for humans tomorrow. In order to eliminate species extinction, relevant laws and regulations must be established and enforced to maintain a large portion of unspoiled areas. Effective measures should also be applied to ensure that the impact of pollution be removed. 译文: 近来人们开始普遍关注以前被忽略的人口增长和自然物种减少之间的关系。正如两幅图 表显示，1980 年的美国人口是1900 年的 250 倍，同时在过去的300 年间大约有70 种 野生生物在美国灭绝。这清楚地表明人类给自然物种带来了巨大的负面影响。 以上趋势是由诸多原因造成的。首先，为了满足迅速增长的人口对于空间的需求，对 于美国人来说最有效的解决办法就是占据森林、草原等其他动植物的天堂。此外，工业化和 城市化的进程造成了严重的污染，在根本上摧毁了环境和生态系统。 我认为，今天野生生物生命权的被剥夺预示着将来人类并不明朗的前景。为了减少物 种灭绝，应该制定相关的法律法规、强制保护更多的地区保持其原始状态。应该采取有效的 措施来减少污染的影响。 闪光词汇及词组: exert an influence: 对,,造成影响 booming: adj. 急速发展的 take occupation of: 占据，占有 generate: v. 产生，发生 ecosystem: n. 生态系统 dearth: n. 缺乏unpromising: adj. 没有前途 的，没有希望的 eliminate: v. 排除，消除 unspoiled: adj. 未损坏的，为开发的 万能句型: Currently, there is a widespread concern about the previously neglected connection between… As the two graphs obviously portray… „ is a trend accompanied by… 36 A clear correlation is suggested that… There are many factors responsible for the aforementioned tendency. First and foremost … Furthermore… Effective measures should also be applied to ensure that … (2) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should: 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) state your point of view. You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2. 范文: Basically, what we see in this cartoon is a woman pushing six floors of baby cradles on an urban street against the background of two skyscrapers. The piled-up cradles interestingly echo the huge buildings with tens of floors: the cradles are occupied by babies while we can imagine those buildings are filled with crowds of adults. We can deduce from this picture that the artist is trying to attract our attention to the present exploding world population. The striking point is that while the population growth is almost out of control, the space for humans to live is increasingly circumscribed. As a result, owning a house, which was very ordinary centuries ago, becomes a luxury nowadays because only wealthy people can afford the rocketing price of land. In contrast, common households have to cram into small apartments inside large buildings that are alignned close to each other. The simple picture is a wake-up call for the whole human race. While we strive for better living standards, the overgrowing population tend offsets our efforts by demanding more living space and resources. Hence, mankind should cooperate worldwide to control population by effective measures, in order to secure the prosperity of our future on this planet. 译文: 我们在这幅漫画中看到一个女人推着有六层婴儿摇篮的推车在一条城市的大街上走着， 背景是两座摩天大楼。有趣的是，叠起来的摇篮与那些有着几十层楼的大厦相呼应，摇篮里 面躺着许多婴儿，而同时我们可以想象大楼里面挤满了成年人。 我们可以从画中推论作画者的意图在于使人们更加关注目前世界人口的爆炸性增长。其 中令人注意的一点是，随着人口增长的失控，人类的生存空间也更加受到了限制。因此，虽 然拥有一座房子在几个世纪以前是非常普遍的现象，但是现在由于地价昂贵，价格飞涨的房 37 子变成了有钱人才买得起的奢侈品。相反，普通家庭挤进大楼的小套公寓中，这些大楼也都是一幢紧挨着另一幢。 这幅简单的图画给人类敲响了警钟。虽然我们努力地提高生活水平，但是过度增长的人口对于空间和资源的需求却抵消了我们的努力。因此，人类应该进行全球范围内的合作，通过有效的措施来控制人口，从而保证我们在这个星球上的美好未来。 闪光词汇及词组: cradle: n. 摇篮 skyscraper: n. 摩天大楼 piled-up: adj. 叠起来的explode: v. 爆炸circumscribe: v. 限制 luxury: n. 奢侈品 rocket: v. 飞速上升 household: n. 家庭 cram: v. 把...装满, 使充塞 living standard: 生活水平offset: v. 抵消secure: v. 保障，保护 prosperity: n. 繁荣 planet: n. 行星 万能句型: Basically, what we see in this cartoon is… We can deduce from this picture that the artist is trying to attract our attention to … The simple picture is a wake-up call for the whole human race. 4、环境保护类 (1)2000 年真题。Directions: Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words. Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below: 1. Describe the pictures 2. Deduce the purpose of the artist of the pictures. 3. Suggest counter-measures. 真题分析: 本题的题目是一组图，其中上下两幅图形成了鲜明的对比。考生需要抓住的细节包括年代的差别(分别是 1900 年和1995 年，相隔约一个世纪)、渔船数量的差别、海洋中鱼的数量差别。这时只要简单地加以分析就可以发现，画图者的意图是警告人们，如果人类继续无节制地开发自然资源，那么总有一天自然资源将会彻底枯竭，最终威胁到人类自己的生存。考生需要分析画图者的本意，并提出相应的解决措施。 这里需要再次提醒的一点是，在第一段描述图中内容时，要用过去时来说明两个不同年代的情况。 思路拓展: 38 环境问题是一个涉及内容十分广泛的话题，包括环境污染、沙漠化、森林退化、资源枯 竭、全球变暖、生态失衡，同时还与人口增长、经济发展、能源开发等一系列社会问题紧密 相连。从根本上来说，这都是由于人类无休止地向地球索取、而没有采取合适的方法来回报 地球，造成地球的产能已经无法承受如此巨大的负担。考生在文章中可以提出，要彻底解决 环境问题，需要各国政府和全世界每一个人的通力合作，需要唤醒所有人的环境保护意识， 用所有可能的措施，包括政治和经济上的合作、全社会的大力倡导、法律的介入等一系列措 施来治理这一问题。 范文: The picture unveils a drastic change of ocean ecology during the past century due to the expanding scale of world commercial fishing. There were few fishing ships on the sea in 1900 when an enormous number of fish swam freely; in contrast, in 1995 a large fleet of ships were endeavoring to search for the only fish in the sea. The tremendous contrast presented by the drawing alarmingly reminds us of the detrimental deterioration of oceanic ecosystem by thegreediness of mankind. The industry of commercial fishing had undergone a booming expansion along with th growing public awareness of the merits of seafood,which made fishing unusually profitable. Lacking knowledge regarding the significanc of ecological balance, businessmen sent out ships that insatiably chased fishes and thus posed a severe threat to all life in the sea. However, this trend may in turn endanger humankind. To prevent the exhaustion of ocean resources, governments should unite to work out effective measures against commercial fishing. For instance, there should be limitations on fishing time and location so as to reduce the exploitation of the sea. Moreover, people also call for laws and regulations that are responsible for punishing excessive fishing. Last but not the least, the public attachment to the importance of balance preservation would play a decisive role in saving ocean species from extinction. 译文: 该图显示出20 世纪以来由于全球商业捕鱼业的大规模扩张而导致海洋生态系统的巨 大变化。1900 年的时候海上只有一艘船，而海里有许许多多鱼儿在自由地遨游;相反，到 了1995 年，海上有许多渔船，它们都在努力寻找海里仅剩的一条鱼。 该图所显示出来的巨大反差使我们警醒地意识到人们的贪婪给海洋生态系统造成 了巨大的破坏。随着公众意识到了海鲜食品的价值，商业捕鱼也在不断扩张，而且有着十分 高的利润率。由于商人们缺少对于生态平衡的认识，他们的渔船无休止地捕鱼，给海洋生物 的生存造成了巨大的威胁。但是，这个趋势可能最终会反过来威胁到人类自己的生存。 为了防止海洋资源的枯竭，各个政府必须联合起来，对商业捕鱼采取有效的措施。 例如，为了防止过度捕捞，可以限制捕鱼的时间和地点。此外，人们还呼吁制定更多的法律 法规来惩罚过度捕捞。最后，公众对于保持生态平衡重要性的认识对于拯救濒临灭绝的海洋 生物起到了决定性的作用。 闪光词汇及词组: expanding: adj. 扩张的 scale: n. 规模 enormous: adj. 巨大的，庞大的 search for: 寻找 detrimental: adj. 有害的 deterioration: n. 退化，变坏 along with: 与„„一起 profitable: adj. 有利可图的 insatiably: adv. 不知足地 pose a threat to: 对„„造成威胁endanger: v. 危及 exploitation: n. 开发，开采call for: 要求 excessive: adj. 过多的，过分的 万能句型: The picture unveils a drastic change of… 39 The tremendous contrast presented by the drawing alarmingly reminds us… Lacking knowledge regarding… (2) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should: 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) suggest counter-measures. You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2. 范文: This is a very interesting cartoon, in which two sharks are celebrating the good news that thanks to global warming, the sea water will drown a nearby island in five years where a man is fishing. Hence, the sharks are eager to enjoy a good meal of human flesh. Though exaggerate a little, the cartoon illuminate a serious fact that the unusually rapid speed of sea-level rise, caused by global warming, is devouring our lands, and for that matter, our lives. A recent report also supported this view by quoting scientists’ forecast that island countries like Japan and Indonesia, as well as the numerous islands on the Pacific Ocean, might disappear from our maps forever. The current greenhouse effect remains out of control.We are sad to perceive that the threat fail to arouse enough attention, which is best exemplified by the frustration that Kyoto Protocol confronts. In my opinion, it is high time for the whole world to form cooperation fighting global warming, because not a single government nor person is exempt from its harm. A series of down-to-earth measures need to be urgently implemented to control the output of carbon dioxide that greatly contributes to global warming. 译文: 这是一幅十分有趣的漫画，其中两只鲨鱼在庆贺一个好消息，因为全球变暖，海水五年 后就会淹没附近的一个小岛，岛上有一个人在钓鱼。因此，鲨鱼们迫不及待地想吃一餐美味 的人肉大餐。 尽管这幅漫画有一些夸张，但是它却指出了一个严重的事实，那就是由于全球变暖导致 40 的海平面反常地迅速上升，海水逐渐吞噬人们生存的土地，威胁到我们的生命。在最近的一份报告中，科学家预测如果温室效应继续处于失控状态的话，那么日本、印度尼西亚等岛国和其他一些太平洋上的小岛都将从我们的地图上消失。可是，令我们心寒的是这个威胁还没有引起足够的重视，最好的一个例证就是《东京协定》一直无法顺利实施。 因此，我认为现在已经到了全世界联合起来共同抗击全球变暖的关键时刻，因为没有任何一个政府和个人能够免受其影响。我们需要尽快采取一些实实在在的措施，以期减少二氧化碳的排放，控制全球变暖的趋势。 闪光词汇及词组: thanks to: 由于 hence: adv. 因此 devour: v. 吞噬 for that matter: 对于那件事情，因为那个原因 greenhouse effect: 温室效应 exemplify: v. 举例，例证 Kyoto Protocol: 《东京协定》 exempt: adj.被免除的down-to-earth: adj. 实际的，实实在在的 carbon dioxide: n. 二氧化碳 万能句型: This is a very interesting cartoon, in which… A recent report also supported this view by… We are sad to perceive that … It is high time for… 5、情感类 (1)2001 年真题。Directions: 6、文化交流类 (1)2002 年真题。Directions: 7、教育类 (1)2003 年真题。Directions: 8、人生价值类 (1)2004 年真题。Directions: 9、家庭关系类 10、社会热点类 (1)2006 年真题。Directions: 第三部分:万能作文模板 作文模板对于应试写作的功效可以说是屡试不爽。它可以有效地帮助考生节省在考场上用于列提纲和构思框架的时间，而可以集中精力在文字的润色加工上，从而大大提高文章的质量，更容易赢得考官的第一印象。因此，在考试之前准备各种文体和各种类型的写作模板至关重要。 “经典信件背诵”和“经典短文背诵”两部分中的文章均可以套用作写作模板，考生只需灵活地修改其中具体内容而加之以考题要求的内容既可。在这一部分中，我们为考生们提供了额外和多样的模板，以尽可能地扩大模板的适用范围，为考生们在考试中夺取高分增加胜算。 一、应用文模板 1、辞职信 模板1: Dear , I am writing to inform you about the decision to resign from my current position. There are a few factors involved. First and foremost, . Secondly, . Last but not last, . 41 I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude for the rewarding experience that I have enjoyed during my employment. I sincerely wish you could approve of my resignation, and I apologize in advance for any inconvenience thus caused. Sincerely yours, Li Ming 模板2 Dear , I am sure it will come as no surprise that I wish to resign my position as . Though I have enjoyed working with you and other colleagues in the company / organization, there are a few reasons that force me to give up my current work. For one thing, . For another, . Moreover / Besides / In addition, . I appreciate the plenty of help and encouragement from you constantly, and I am very sorry for any inconvenience thus caused. I promise that I will stay through the next month to help you find a replacement for my position. Sincerely yours, Li Ming 2、请求信 模板1: Dear ， I am . I’d like to ask if you have / can provide me with the information of . The reasons for my urgent need of are as follows: 1) ; 2) ; 3) . Therefore, I will be much obliged if you can help me . Please feel free to call me at for further questions. Thank you for your time and patience, and I look forward to your prompt reply. Yours, Li Ming 模板2: Dear ， My name is , and I am . I have made up my mind to write to you in the hope that you can furnish me with the information regarding . At the present I am preparing / doing , and am in lack of 42 that is crucial for the work / project / program. Therefore, it would be of great help if I can have your help for . Please get back to me at your earliest convenience as I have to soon. I am praying for your reply with full appreciation. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 3、建议信 模板1: Dear ， I am very glad to hear that you want to seek some suggestions about in order to . From my point of view, . Also, to you, I highly recommend that . On the one hand, . On the other hand, . Besides, it is unnecessary for you to . Consequently, I believe that . I hope that my opinions are of help to you, and please feel free to contact me for more questions. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 模板2: Dear ， I am writing to express my views concerning . In the first place, I would like to say thank you for the help and everything else you have been offering to us. Meanwhile, I also want to make some advice to better . Firstly, we have found that . Secondly, we want to . Finally, we hope that . I am looking forwards to your consideration about my proposals. Thanks in advance for that. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 161 ----------------------- Page 162----------------------- 4、求职信 模板1: To Whom It May Concern, I have learnt from yesterday?s newspaper that you are employing . I wish to be considered as an applicant for the position, and beg to state my qualifications as follows: 43 I am years old, a major student of University / College. During my academic years, I have shown excellent performance and have been awarded first-class scholarship each year. In addition to my educational background, I have the rich work experience in the fields of . Therefore, I believe I can be of value to your company. Enclosed is my resume for your reference, and I shall be glad to call at your office if you desire an interview. Thank you. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 模板2: Dear ， I learned from my university BBS that there is a vacancy for , a position which I am very interested in. I am a senior student from University, majoring in . Under the influence of the courses I have taken, I develop a special interest in . Moreover, I have attained a fair knowledge and experience in this field due to my internship at . It seems to me that all these have prepared me ideally for the role of in such a company as yours. For further information please refer to my attached resume. I should be please to attend for an interview at your convenience. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 5、道歉信 模板1:过去没有完成的事情 Dear ， I am writing this letter to apologize to you for my failing to . The reason is that . I am sorry that I cannot finish in time, but is it possible that I make up the loss by ? If so, I will put everything else aside to . I do hope that you can understand my situation and accept my apology. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 模板2:将来不能做的事情 Dear ， Much to my regret / I am terribly sorry that I am unable to . It is mainly because at that time I will be full 44 occupied by which is quite out of my expectation, and that conflicts with your . Therefore I am forced to adjust my schedule and cannot make my presence on your . I sincerely hope that you will enjoy a good time. By the way, can we have dinner together some time next week? I hope to see you soon. I am really sorry again and I trust that you will understand. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 6、感谢信 模板1: Dear ， I should like this message to be taken as an expression of heartfelt gratitude to you and . If it had not been for your assistance in giving me aid and , I fear that . During the , you have given me generous help and continuous guidance by . Thus, I really appreciate , and I hope that I may repay your kindness by . Finally, I feel most obliged to thank you once more. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 模板2: Dear ， On behalf of , I would like to extend our most sincere gratitude for . We appreciate greatly your aid in not only , but also . It is said that your that we could enjoy such a wonderful trip / arrive at such splendid achievements, and we will never forget your painstaking labor and full cooperation / warm hospitality. With this letter we would also like to formally invite you to , so that . WE look forwards to hosting you . With personal regards. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 164 ----------------------- Page 165----------------------- 45 7、申请信 模板1: To Whom It May Concern, I would like to apply for the master’s program in department of your university, an opportunity that I have dreamed since . To briefly introduce myself, I am a senior student majoring in from University. During my undergraduate study I have demonstrated excellent academic ability, which is reflected in my grades and accomplishment. I have attached to this letter my resume, a complete transcript, and three recommendation letters. I would greatly appreciate it if you could kindly consider my application. If you require more information, please feel free to contact me at . Looking forwards to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 模板2: Dear Prof. : I am a senior student in the Department of , University of . My major interests are , and I understand your university has a good program in those fields. Therefore, I would like to apply for a place at your graduate school. It would be great if you can mail me copies of the required application forms. Meanwhile, I also would like to apply for a scholarship, so could you please send me this application form as well? Your assistance will be highly appreciated. I am looking forwards to hearing from you. Sincerely yours, Li Ming 165 ----------------------- Page 166----------------------- 8、投诉信 模板1: Dear Manager, Last week I bought at your store and when I got it home it did not work at all. When I tried to return it to the store, I was told that I could not get refunded. The sign in your store says that money is returned within 7 days of purchase if any problem exists, and I did that within the said time. Thus I insist that I should have my money back by return the to 46 you store 。If I do not receive any satisfying response, I will further complain to the Consumer Protection Association. Yours, Li Ming 模板2: To Whom It May Concern， I am writing to complain about the poor service of your I received when . The reasons for my dissatisfaction lie upon three points as follows: 1) ; 2) ; 3) . Under these circumstances, I find it difficult to . I am sure that you are able to thoroughly understand my discontent, which you are bound to replace with a satisfactory solution. I would be grateful if you could as soon as possible. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 166 ----------------------- Page 167----------------------- 9、询问信 模板1: Dear ， I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide some information regarding . Currently, I am doing / planning / organizing , and am in urgent need of the following things. First of all, . Secondly, . Thirdly, . I would also like to inquire if . If so, could you please . Your prompt attention would be highly appreciated, and thank you for your consideration. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 模板2: Dear ， I am , and I would like to have some information about . At the present, I am doing and I intend to . Therefore, I should be very obliged if you would kindly furnish me with details concerning . Other than that, I also need . 47 I am expecting your reply with heartfelt appreciation. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 167 ----------------------- Page 168----------------------- 10、邀请信 模板1: Dear ， I will be holding at on in order to . As you are a close friend of our family, my parents and I would very much like you to join us in and share our joy. The occasion will start at , and activities include , and . In addition, there will be . I am sure you will enjoy a good time. My family would feel honored by your presence. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 模板2: Dear , On behalf of , I would like to invite you to visit our university / my hometown for . It would give us great pleasure if you could deliver a speech on the topic of during the visit, because . I am sure that it would be immensely beneficial to if . During your stay in , we would like to offer you with , , which is free of charge, and . We would appreciate it very much if you could accept our invitation. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 168 ----------------------- Page 169----------------------- 11、祝贺信 模板1: Dear ， Congratulations on your . I know how hard you have been working and I am very proud of you for your achievement. 48 I understand for sure that it is your hard work / your excellent ability that leads you to the current success. This new position, on the other hand, adds a new dimension to your life and is bound to . What’s more, I also believe that . May all goes beautifully in your new post! Yours sincerely, Li Ming 模板2: Dear ， Good news travels fast! It was delightful for me to hear that . Please accept my sincere congratulations to your . I have been watching your progress with admiration all the years, and I know more than anyone else how much effort you have put in. Now you prove to me a matured and well-rounded in every respect. Judging from your current success / achievement, I am confident that in the future . May all the years ahead fulfill your dreams! Yours sincerely, Li Ming 169 ----------------------- Page 170----------------------- 二、短文模板 在“经典短文背诵”部分中，我们根据短文的内容将其分为10 大类。其实从文章功能 来看，我们可把这10 大类文 章归为三种类型:解决问题、论证观点、阐述现象。其中第一类具有解决问题功能的短文包 括了:1、身体健康类;2、 职业道德类;3、人口增长类;4、环境保护类。第二类具有论证观点功能的短文包括了:5、 情感类;8、人生价值类。 第三类具有阐述现象功能的短文包括了:6、文化交流类;7、教育类;9、家庭关系类;10、 社会热点类。需要说明的 是，以上分类并不是具有绝对意义的，譬如一些身体健康类的话题也可能适合以论证观点的 短文模板来套用。我们这里 所说的是指大致的分类和适用范围。 除了以上三项功能，我们还将在本部分的最后列出两个具有对比论证功能的模板。虽然 自从 1997 年以来的历年短 文题目中没有出现要求进行对比论证的话题，但是考生仍然应该有所准备，因为对比论证是 英文写作的一种重要写作手 法，需要引起一定的重视。 功能I:解决问题 49 这种类型的文章主要针对一些实际的问题分析其原因和后果，最后提出解决的措施。一 般情况下三段的分布为:第 一段描述图画内容，第二段分析问题所在，第三段提出解决方案。 ----------------------- Page 171----------------------- 1、身体健康类 模板1: The picture . What is strikingly noticeable is , but it can be easily explained by shown in the picture. The discernable unhealthiness discloses a prevalent phenomenon that has long existed in the China’s . One the one hand, . On the other hand, . As a result, the integration of poor living conditions and work pressure leads naturally to their poor health and short life-span, just as the picture tells us. The situation is rather depressing because , and it is largely owing to . To solve the problem, I think there should be a thriving social trend , and those who should be rewarded with good living and working conditions. 模板2: In the picture, we are amazed to find that . It clearly tells us that in the domain of , there are . has long been a problem since , and are turning to be an increasingly severe problem because of . Besides, there are more reasons responsible for this issue. Firstly, . Secondly, . Thirdly, . Judging from the analysis above, we may safely come to the conclusion that the daunting problem demands effective counter-measures. Most importantly, the government needs to implement sufficiently relevant laws and regulations in order to enhance the strength of . In addition, all residents should be aware of . 171 ----------------------- Page 172----------------------- 2、职业道德类 模板1: We can see from the picture that , but . If , he would surely express . There are three reasons to explain why it happens to . Firstly, , which resulted from . Secondly, though , . Consequently, . Thirdly, . I maintain that effective measures should be taken to put an end to this phenomenon. Firstly, we need to endeavor to advocate . Secondly, strict regulations should be enacted and enforced to create a harmonious and orderly society. Only through the combined efforts can we eliminate this “tumor” forcefully and completely. 50 模板2: As is shown in the cartoon, . Take in the cartoon for example . This phenomenon appears commonly in our daily life. Nowadays, . Instead, they only try their best to Such deeds not only , but also . Therefore, it is of great significance to take actions to change this phenomenon. First and foremost, . In addition, . All these steps can help guarantee a solid economic order and a harmonious society. 172 ----------------------- Page 173----------------------- 3、人口增长类 模板1: The picture depicts a scene in which . The scene is presented in an artistic and ironic manner. Crowds of people are crammed in . Further examination reveals that . Apparently, the picture symbolizes that humans, with such a huge population, may one day suffer from the exhaustion of earth resources. Take for example. Given the fact that , we find that . To make it worse, . If the conflict between population boom and shortage of resources is not properly controlled, we have every reason to hold a pessimistic perspective towards human’s future on Earth. Perhaps eventually we would face the situation suggested by the picture, that is, . Accordingly, I strongly recommend that the whole globe launch aggressive programs to address this fatal contradiction. 模板2: Basically, what we see in this cartoon is . The interestingly echos the . while we can imagine . We can deduce from this picture that the artist is trying to attract our attention to the present exploding world population. The striking point is that . As a result, . On the contrary, . The simple picture is a wake-up call for the whole of human race. . Hence, mankind should cooperate worldwide to control population by effective measures, in order to secure the prosperity of our future on this planet. 173 ----------------------- Page 174----------------------- 4、环境保护类 模板1: This is a very interesting piece of cartoon, in thanks to . 51 Hence, . Though being a little exaggerating, the cartoon illuminates a serious fact that , and for that matter, . A recent report also supported this view by . On the contrary, we are sad to perceive that . Therefore, in my opinion, it is already high time for the whole world to form a solid cooperation fighting against , because not a single government or person can be exempt from its harm. A series of down-to-earth measures need to be urgently implemented to control . 模板2: Nowadays, lots of people have the illusion that . Just as what is shown in the picture, . This is a very serious social problem. Compared with other countries, China . If everybody behaves in this way, it would be far beyond the country’s capacity to . Moreover, it was reported that . Meanwhile, . Also, . Though , it is never the only way. What’s important, to solve these problems depends largely on our responsibility for society and environment. If the sense of responsibility is greatly aroused, the achievement of harmony between man and the environment will not be far away. 174 ----------------------- Page 175----------------------- 功能II:论证观点 这种类型的文章主要分析论证一些具体的观点。一般情况下三段的分布为:第一段描 述图画内容，第二段提出观点、 进行理论分析和事例分析，第三段总结观点、表明态度。 5、情感类 模板1: As is shown in the picture above, . Obviously from we can surmise that . It goes without saying that the primary purpose of the picture lies in eulogizing the practice of . As a matter of fact, it is not rare to find in our everyday life deeds of similar nature. For instance, . Additionally, we can also hear many stories about . Not to mention those moving cases of . All in all, I firmly believe that a harmonious society is based on a . By , people not only harvest , but also gain that can never be purchased via money. 模板2: , just as is depicted in the picture. It is not difficult to find that in today’s society, more and more people begin to . It is 52 rather good news to . The picture reminds us that in China, due to , . Moreover, there are . In addition, we should not forget . is a good way to express human love. To some extent, it also reflects individuals’ sense of social responsibility. It is also a feeling from deep heart that is beyond words and is difficult to obtain no matter how rich one is. Therefore, I strongly advocate that . I am sure our society will hence be more beautiful because of . 175 ----------------------- Page 176----------------------- 8、人生价值类 模板1: As the old Chinese saying goes, . It echoes with this picture in which . The title of the picture further points out that . The picture is meant to . As far as I am concerned, I think . This universal truth can be particularly proved in the field of , where . A brief survey of history about also demonstrates the fundamental importance of . , for example, . The same principle applies to common people as well, and I am sure everybody can benefit from . 模板2: From the picture we can perceive that . What astonishes the drawing and the readers is that . It is known to all that , but it seems . The artist utilizes this artistic presentation to imply a spreading vogue that . Ultimately, the trend boils down to . Accordingly, . To worsen the problem, this behavior is evoking . In my point of view, we are in a prime time to curb the problem from deteriorating. First and foremost, the whole society should arrive at the consensus that . Besides, an awareness of should be infused into everybody’s mind. 176 ----------------------- Page 177----------------------- 功能III:阐述现象 这种类型的文章主要描述一些现象并具体分析解释现象的原因等。一般情况下三段的 分布为:第一段描述图画内容， 第二段分析该现象的原因、意义等，第三段总结观点、或提出建议。 6、文化交流类 模板1: 53 It is a very eye-catching photo in which . What makes this picture extraordinary is , which clearly indicates . The sense of that permeates this picture is representative of , that is, , and therefore, . China, in particular, . The effect of such communication can be best exemplified by . While people belong to nations, cultures know no boundary. is not only featured by , but more importantly, by . I firmly believe that is contributing, and will contribute more to the world’s peace, development, and prosperity. 模板2: What is presented here is a very interesting scenario. . From the subtitle we can infer that . Conspicuously, . We can deduce from the picture that . It partly owes to , and partly to . Except the case reflected in the picture, there are numerous evidence demonstrating . For example, . From a personal point of view, I am delighted to witness . To sum up, . As for China, . Therefore, I can firmly conclude that in the long run, cultural exchanges will contribute to a flourishing Chinese and global economy, as well as diversified cultures. 177 ----------------------- Page 178----------------------- 7、教育类 模板1: As the title indicates, “ ”, the set of pictures apparently reminds us that . It is discernable that . The drawing virtually reminds its audience a widespread phenomenon existing negatively in the area of basic education in China, that is, . That is to say, . Such a practice is very harmful in terms of the following aspects. Firstly, . Secondly, . Last but not the least, . In my point of view, , but it is only part of the picture. On the other hand, . Therefore, it is an urgent task to . As children are the future of our nation, creating a good environment for their upbringing means creating a bright and promising future for our nation. 模板2: The picture shows . symbolizes . As is quoted in the picture, . It apparently mirrors an increasingly common social phenomenon in China— in contrast with . One the one hand, the problem partially attributes to . Sometimes . On the other hand, . For example, , while . In my opinion, the government needs to launch a reform in 54 the education system with measures that can show immediate effect. proves to be most beneficial to students. Further, a large-scale reform in the macroeconomic level to is the basic solution of this issue. 178 ----------------------- Page 179----------------------- 9、家庭关系类 模板1: The cartoon reveals a very thought-provoking scene. The artist purposefully exaggerates . This picture reveals the in-depth problem of . In fact, . There are two reasons for this. The first and perhaps most important is that . The other reason is more serious from a practical point of view. . It owes to . In my point of view, the trend goes quite against the genuine and original purpose of our . What I want to emphasize by the above analysis is that, . Therefore, I strongly contend that . 模板2: There is a popular Chinese song, named “ ”, which encourages . However, the in the picture does but for a very different reason— . From the facial expression of we can read . Sadly as it is, this phenomenon does not occur rarely in today’s society, for which are responsible. For one thing, . For another, . As a matter of fact, the boosting economic development in China sadly and ironically witnesses a deterioration of . The above analysis is best exemplified by . In my opinion, the awareness of is elementary for paving the way towards success. 179 ----------------------- Page 180----------------------- 10、社会热点类 模板1: The two pictures illustrate vividly . In the left picture , while in the right . From the two pictures we can sense a crazy tendency of . Aside from , another telling example is , which was so successful in that . The pictures also make it obvious that we should . Admittedly, it is natural that . Nevertheless, it is the responsibility of our government and society to . In my opinion, 55 what’s the more important is to . In short, . 模板2: It goes without saying that this picture aims at revealing a current problem: . In this drawing, . Even . It seems to me that the artist is sending a message about the importance of . Though the drawing is a little exaggerating, it is not rare for us to find in . If we let this situation of continues, it not only harms , but also prevents . Accordingly, we urgently call for . Though the government has already taken pains to implement regulations, it still failz to . In my opinion, this problem should be urgently solved so as to protect benefits. I expect the government will put forward more effective propositions as soon as possible. 180 ----------------------- Page 181----------------------- 功能IV:对比论证 这类功能具体是针对那些要求比较不同事物或者同一事物的不同方面的文章。一般情 况下三段的分布为:第一段描 述图画内容、提出问题，第二段列举和分析对于该问题的不同看法和观点、进行对比和比较， 第三段阐明自己的观点和 看法。 模板1: According to the two pictures presented, it can be observed that. In the left picture, . A the same time, as the right one shows. Different people have different views on . Some people support by claiming that . In their opinion, . In addition, . Meanwhile, there are some people, especially young men, who . Their reasons are quite different, sometimes for , sometimes for , sometimes simply for . In my point of view, both sides are partly right. To thoroughly analyze this problem, we should take into consideration of all relevant aspects, so as to make the right decision. Therefore, my conclusion would be that . 模板2: From the drawing, we can learn that . It can be seen easily that. . We can deduce from that people’s opinion on vary from person to person. Some people take it for granted that . For example, they firmly believe that . But they often neglect that fact that . Yet there are also another group of people who hold a different point of view. They think that . Beside, . Personally, my attitude for this matter is positive, with reasons 56 as follows. Firstly, . Moreover, . Lastly, . Therefore, . 181 ----------------------- Page 182----------------------- 第四部分:高分写作常用谚语100 句 不善始者不善终。 rd in the hand is worth than two in the bush. 一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。 蜡烛照亮别人，却毁灭了自己。 病从口入。 事实胜于雄辩。 Adversity leads to prosperity. 穷则思变。 吃一堑，长一智。 患难见真情。 得朋友难，失朋友易。 good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 好书如挚友。 一本好书，相伴一生。 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 182 ----------------------- Page 183----------------------- 条条大路通罗马。 结果好，就一切都好。 闪光的不一定都是金子。 凡事总是由难而易。 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 失之毫厘，差之千里。 一天一苹果，不用请医生。 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 健全的精神寓于健康的身体。 迟做总比不做好;晚来总比不来好。 物以类聚，人以群分。 读书如交友，应求少而精。 读书使人充实，交谈使人精明。 Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。 小心驶得万年船。 183 ----------------------- Page 184----------------------- 学习的敌人是自己的满足。 知足者常乐。 勤奋是成功之母。 57 done by. 己所不欲，勿施于人。 今日事，今日毕。 早睡早起身体好。 说得容易，做得难。 东好西好，还是家里最好。 人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。 聚沙成塔，集腋成裘。 金无足赤，人无完人。 自己的命运自己掌握。 事实胜于雄辩。 e favors those who use their judgement. 机遇偏爱善断之人。 184 ----------------------- Page 185----------------------- 四个简短的词汇概括了成功的秘诀:多一点点～ 伟大始于渺小。 天才不过是勤奋而已。 自助者天助。 忠告是无价宝。 健康是最大的财富。 黄金并非万能。 欢乐不觉时光过。 est. 诚实者最明智。 谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。 逆水行舟，不进则退。 做人诚信为本。 抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。 亡羊补牢 活到老，学到老。 185 ----------------------- Page 186----------------------- 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。 一箭双雕。 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 博学使人谦逊，无知使人骄傲。 有其父必有其子。 人生并不是康庄大道。 y while the sun shines. 良机勿失。 58 谋事在人，成事在天。 三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。 人多力量大 ne/single. 祸不单行。 患难见真情。 钱不是万能的。 需要是发明的动力。 不要混水摸鱼。 186 ----------------------- Page 187----------------------- 旧瓶装新酒。 没有消息就是好消息。 gains. 没有付出就没有收获。 没有不带刺的玫瑰。 无风不起浪。 心之所愿，无所不成。 rrows. 一个今天胜似两个明天。 勤劳之人不受穷。 熟能生巧 读书使人完善 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。 磨刀不误砍柴功。 眼见为实 能言是银，沉默是金。 坚持就是胜利。 187 ----------------------- Page 188----------------------- 语言的巨人总是行动的矮子。 时不我待。 es all things. 时间是医治一切创伤的良药。 事实从来不怕调查。 美德远远胜过美貌。 好的开端是成功的一半 s life, there is hope. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 有志者事竟成。 意志就是力量 脑中有知识，胜过手中有金钱。 truth, whereas fools shun it. 智者热爱真理，愚者回避真理 蜡烛不能两头点，精力不可过分耗。 鱼与熊掌，不可得兼。 188 59