翡翠玉石毛料籽料造假手段

翡翠玉石毛料籽料造假手段 目前市场上销售的翡翠原料多是缅甸河床里的大砾石，也称为仔料。翡翠仔料真伪的鉴定是整个翡翠鉴定中难度最大、涉及知识面最广、经验性最重要的鉴定技术。其原因是“仔料”情况复杂，变化多端，真中有假，假中有真，真假难分的情况经常出现。本文在前人基础上，根据北大宝石鉴定中心鉴别翡翠仔料真伪的实际经验，总结出了翡翠仔料做假的常见类型和识别。做假类型:中实际遇到的翡翠仔料做假可概括为以下五种类型: good processing performance, with sufficient rigidity. Template selected template surface should be flat and smooth, plywood coated high strength, good wear resistance, water resistance, durability, physical and chemical properties of stable and smooth surface, no pollution, no damage, clean. Template straight keel, specifications, and panels close, firmly attached, have sufficient rigidity. Templates may not play the ink, paint and write numbers to avoid contamination of concrete surfaces. Template design set of bolt holes through walls, but not free to play holes, openings, portrayal, nailing. Release agent used on concrete surface quality and color does not affect the release agent. Pull bolt specifications and varieties should be according to the concrete lateral pressure, wall waterproofing, air defence requirements and template Panel selection, bolts used should have sufficient strength to pull the bolt casing and plug should be determined according to the diameter of the bolt, the choice of plastics, rubber, nylon and other materials. Topstitching cross-section according to the circumstances, the request can tear down, should adopt the trapezoid, square, rounded square; can be made for hardwood, nylon, plastic, aluminum, stainless steel and other materials. Depth is not greater than 20mm. Steel frame in front of the Assembly must be straightened, wood joist requires that you have sufficient rigidity. Keel as far as possible without joints, if it proves necessary to connect, the connection must be staggered. Template processing must be carried out in wood processing plant, processing materials when cutting line cutting, precise size, angle, surface smooth, tight joints. Field spell using a template before the template, on the surface smoothness, the section size, Yin and Yang template angle, adjacent to surface level and check the bolt Assembly. Before clamping, to check the template, especially the template Panel connection (一)、鱼目混珠以假充真:1、以透辉石大理岩充当翡翠仔料:有一位朋友送来一块“翡翠仔料”，外观为黄白色带绿，重为442.5g(图1)，放大镜观察为粒状结构，硬度为3，滴盐酸起泡。擦出绿色部分，经鉴定为透辉石。原来该“翡翠仔料”，实际上是一块透辉石大理岩。2、以角闪岩充当翡翠仔料:有顾客拿来一块“翡翠仔料”，外观为黑色，似黑乌砂皮，局部带绿色，重为355g(图2)，放大观察为柱状变晶结构，手掂密度比翡翠轻，经测定为2.7g,cm3，主要矿物为角闪石和绿泥石。绿色因角闪石和绿泥石致色。所以，这块所谓“翡翠仔料”，原来是一good processing performance, with sufficient rigidity. Template selected template surface should be flat and smooth, plywood coated high strength, good wear resistance, water resistance, durability, physical and chemical properties of stable and smooth surface, no pollution, no damage, clean. Template straight keel, specifications, and panels close, firmly attached, have sufficient rigidity. Templates may not play the ink, paint and write numbers to avoid contamination of concrete surfaces. Template design set of bolt holes through walls, but not free to play holes, openings, portrayal, nailing. Release agent used on concrete surface quality and color does not affect the release agent. Pull bolt specifications and varieties should be according to the concrete lateral pressure, wall waterproofing, air defence requirements and template Panel selection, bolts used should have sufficient strength to pull the bolt casing and plug should be determined according to the diameter of the bolt, the choice of plastics, rubber, nylon and other materials. Topstitching cross-section according to the circumstances, the request can tear down, should adopt the trapezoid, square, rounded square; can be made for hardwood, nylon, plastic, aluminum, stainless steel and other materials. Depth is not greater than 20mm. Steel frame in front of the Assembly must be straightened, wood joist requires that you have sufficient rigidity. Keel as far as possible without joints, if it proves necessary to connect, the connection must be staggered. Template processing must be carried out in wood processing plant, processing materials when cutting line cutting, precise size, angle, surface smooth, tight joints. Field spell using a template before the template, on the surface smoothness, the section size, Yin and Yang template angle, adjacent to surface level and check the bolt Assembly. Before clamping, to check the template, especially the template Panel connection 块角闪岩。若这位顾客细心一点，可从密度、结构等方面确定它不是翡翠，从而避免经济上的重大损失。 (二)、贴翡翠片假皮掩盖:这类做假仔料一般由翡翠贴片、主体部分、粘合部分和假皮四部分组成。翡翠贴片多是用一块厚5—6mm的玻璃地或水地翡翠，经过掏空(最薄处仅有1mm厚)涂色处理，从外看起来让人感觉内部有绿色。主体部分相当于正常仔料的玉肉部分，一般是用花岗岩等其他岩石来做假的“玉肉”。粘合部分可细分为三层:中间是一层锡箔纸或硬白纸，目的是为了加强反光，good processing performance, with sufficient rigidity. Template selected template surface should be flat and smooth, plywood coated high strength, good wear resistance, water resistance, durability, physical and chemical properties of stable and smooth surface, no pollution, no damage, clean. Template straight keel, specifications, and panels close, firmly attached, have sufficient rigidity. Templates may not play the ink, paint and write numbers to avoid contamination of concrete surfaces. Template design set of bolt holes through walls, but not free to play holes, openings, portrayal, nailing. Release agent used on concrete surface quality and color does not affect the release agent. Pull bolt specifications and varieties should be according to the concrete lateral pressure, wall waterproofing, air defence requirements and template Panel selection, bolts used should have sufficient strength to pull the bolt casing and plug should be determined according to the diameter of the bolt, the choice of plastics, rubber, nylon and other materials. Topstitching cross-section according to the circumstances, the request can tear down, should adopt the trapezoid, square, rounded square; can be made for hardwood, nylon, plastic, aluminum, stainless steel and other materials. Depth is not greater than 20mm. Steel frame in front of the Assembly must be straightened, wood joist requires that you have sufficient rigidity. Keel as far as possible without joints, if it proves necessary to connect, the connection must be staggered. Template processing must be carried out in wood processing plant, processing materials when cutting line cutting, precise size, angle, surface smooth, tight joints. Field spell using a template before the template, on the surface smoothness, the section size, Yin and Yang template angle, adjacent to surface level and check the bolt Assembly. Before clamping, to check the template, especially the template Panel connection 使翡翠贴片在强光照射下显得艳绿透亮。锡箔纸或硬白纸上、下各有0.5mm厚的胶层，将贴片和主体粘合起来。假皮一般厚2mm左右，多仿造成土红色或黄色砂皮等。本类又可分以下几种情况:1、移花接木改头换面:有一块所谓“翡翠仔料”，外观为黄褐色，似黄砂皮，呈长椭圆形，顶部开门处，显大片绿色，质地细腻，重为l184g(图3)，手掂密度比裴翠轻，经测定为2.97g,cms。经仔细观察，见开门处周围皮壳与下部皮壳结构不同，敲打开门处表面，有空声。由于用力过大，表面被击穿，原来开门处是嵌了一块涂色翡翠贴片(图3)。采用的是移花接木，改头good processing performance, with sufficient rigidity. Template selected template surface should be flat and smooth, plywood coated high strength, good wear resistance, water resistance, durability, physical and chemical properties of stable and smooth surface, no pollution, no damage, clean. Template straight keel, specifications, and panels close, firmly attached, have sufficient rigidity. Templates may not play the ink, paint and write numbers to avoid contamination of concrete surfaces. Template design set of bolt holes through walls, but not free to play holes, openings, portrayal, nailing. Release agent used on concrete surface quality and color does not affect the release agent. Pull bolt specifications and varieties should be according to the concrete lateral pressure, wall waterproofing, air defence requirements and template Panel selection, bolts used should have sufficient strength to pull the bolt casing and plug should be determined according to the diameter of the bolt, the choice of plastics, rubber, nylon and other materials. Topstitching cross-section according to the circumstances, the request can tear down, should adopt the trapezoid, square, rounded square; can be made for hardwood, nylon, plastic, aluminum, stainless steel and other materials. Depth is not greater than 20mm. Steel frame in front of the Assembly must be straightened, wood joist requires that you have sufficient rigidity. Keel as far as possible without joints, if it proves necessary to connect, the connection must be staggered. Template processing must be carried out in wood processing plant, processing materials when cutting line cutting, precise size, angle, surface smooth, tight joints. Field spell using a template before the template, on the surface smoothness, the section size, Yin and Yang template angle, adjacent to surface level and check the bolt Assembly. Before clamping, to check the template, especially the template Panel connection 换面的欺骗手法。经红外光谱测定，假皮主要矿物为石英、高岭石和伊利石。除翡翠贴片外，其他部分为长英质岩石的卵石。2、做假门子两面贴片:有一位顾客送来三块“翡翠仔料”，要求鉴定。图4外观为黄色，似黄砂皮，开门的小块重为194.5g，大块重为1493g。图5外观为黄褐色，似黄砂皮，并有似黑癣样的斑块，开门为两块，大块重为l680g，小块重为112g。图6外观为白黄色，似黄砂皮，开门的小块重为2l5g，大块重为7205g。三块开门处均见绿色，质地细腻，放大观测为变斑状交织结构，确实都像质量较好的翡翠。但进一步详细观察，发现了一good processing performance, with sufficient rigidity. Template selected template surface should be flat and smooth, plywood coated high strength, good wear resistance, water resistance, durability, physical and chemical properties of stable and smooth surface, no pollution, no damage, clean. Template straight keel, specifications, and panels close, firmly attached, have sufficient rigidity. Templates may not play the ink, paint and write numbers to avoid contamination of concrete surfaces. Template design set of bolt holes through walls, but not free to play holes, openings, portrayal, nailing. Release agent used on concrete surface quality and color does not affect the release agent. Pull bolt specifications and varieties should be according to the concrete lateral pressure, wall waterproofing, air defence requirements and template Panel selection, bolts used should have sufficient strength to pull the bolt casing and plug should be determined according to the diameter of the bolt, the choice of plastics, rubber, nylon and other materials. Topstitching cross-section according to the circumstances, the request can tear down, should adopt the trapezoid, square, rounded square; can be made for hardwood, nylon, plastic, aluminum, stainless steel and other materials. Depth is not greater than 20mm. Steel frame in front of the Assembly must be straightened, wood joist requires that you have sufficient rigidity. Keel as far as possible without joints, if it proves necessary to connect, the connection must be staggered. Template processing must be carried out in wood processing plant, processing materials when cutting line cutting, precise size, angle, surface smooth, tight joints. Field spell using a template before the template, on the surface smoothness, the section size, Yin and Yang template angle, adjacent to surface level and check the bolt Assembly. Before clamping, to check the template, especially the template Panel connection 些可疑之处。图4开门处，表面风化的黄色裂隙被外皮截断。图5和图6开门处，大片和小片的绿色形状有别。这些样品外皮都没有晶粒自然排列的表现，质软，不像翡翠仔料皮壳。经过红外光谱分析测定，图4皮壳主要由白云石组成，另有少量绿泥石，含有有机物。X射线粉晶分析表明，图5皮壳主要矿物为方解石、白云石、硬玉和黑钨矿等。图6皮壳主要矿物为石英、硬玉和黑钨矿等。显然是人造的假皮。经去掉部分皮后观察，这三块都是将卵石切开，贴上翡翠片，用假皮掩盖，充当优质翡翠仔料，欺骗顾客。3、拦腰斩断两面贴片:图7外观为黄褐色似细good processing performance, with sufficient rigidity. Template selected template surface should be flat and smooth, plywood coated high strength, good wear resistance, water resistance, durability, physical and chemical properties of stable and smooth surface, no pollution, no damage, clean. Template straight keel, specifications, and panels close, firmly attached, have sufficient rigidity. Templates may not play the ink, paint and write numbers to avoid contamination of concrete surfaces. Template design set of bolt holes through walls, but not free to play holes, openings, portrayal, nailing. Release agent used on concrete surface quality and color does not affect the release agent. Pull bolt specifications and varieties should be according to the concrete lateral pressure, wall waterproofing, air defence requirements and template Panel selection, bolts used should have sufficient strength to pull the bolt casing and plug should be determined according to the diameter of the bolt, the choice of plastics, rubber, nylon and other materials. Topstitching cross-section according to the circumstances, the request can tear down, should adopt the trapezoid, square, rounded square; can be made for hardwood, nylon, plastic, aluminum, stainless steel and other materials. Depth is not greater than 20mm. Steel frame in front of the Assembly must be straightened, wood joist requires that you have sufficient rigidity. Keel as far as possible without joints, if it proves necessary to connect, the connection must be staggered. Template processing must be carried out in wood processing plant, processing materials when cutting line cutting, precise size, angle, surface smooth, tight joints. Field spell using a template before the template, on the surface smoothness, the section size, Yin and Yang template angle, adjacent to surface level and check the bolt Assembly. Before clamping, to check the template, especially the template Panel connection 黄砂皮，拦腰截断为两块，大块重为605.5g，小块重为424.5g—门处均显绿色，质地细腻，具有变斑状交织结构，确实是翡翠无疑。但经详细观察，发现开门处大片和小片的绿色形状有别，不像一块原石切开的。后又发观，皮壳松软，无翡翠外壳特有的晶粒自然排列的现象，确定为假皮。对皮进行了红外分析，主要矿物为硬玉、方解石、高岭石、伊利石和有机物等。去掉一部分假皮后，原来是一块卵石，切开后两面贴翡翠片，然后假皮掩盖，充当优质翡翠仔料，欺骗顾客。 good processing performance, with sufficient rigidity. Template selected template surface should be flat and smooth, plywood coated high strength, good wear resistance, water resistance, durability, physical and chemical properties of stable and smooth surface, no pollution, no damage, clean. Template straight keel, specifications, and panels close, firmly attached, have sufficient rigidity. Templates may not play the ink, paint and write numbers to avoid contamination of concrete surfaces. Template design set of bolt holes through walls, but not free to play holes, openings, portrayal, nailing. Release agent used on concrete surface quality and color does not affect the release agent. Pull bolt specifications and varieties should be according to the concrete lateral pressure, wall waterproofing, air defence requirements and template Panel selection, bolts used should have sufficient strength to pull the bolt casing and plug should be determined according to the diameter of the bolt, the choice of plastics, rubber, nylon and other materials. Topstitching cross-section according to the circumstances, the request can tear down, should adopt the trapezoid, square, rounded square; can be made for hardwood, nylon, plastic, aluminum, stainless steel and other materials. Depth is not greater than 20mm. Steel frame in front of the Assembly must be straightened, wood joist requires that you have sufficient rigidity. Keel as far as possible without joints, if it proves necessary to connect, the connection must be staggered. Template processing must be carried out in wood processing plant, processing materials when cutting line cutting, precise size, angle, surface smooth, tight joints. Field spell using a template before the template, on the surface smoothness, the section size, Yin and Yang template angle, adjacent to surface level and check the bolt Assembly. Before clamping, to check the template, especially the template Panel connection (三)、粘贴碎料假皮掩盖:有人送来两块翡翠仔料(图8、图9)，要求鉴定。图8重为2685g，外观黄褐色，似黄砂皮，并擦出几处绿色。图9重为38588g，外观黄褐色，似黄砂皮，在一个面上擦出几处绿色。放大观察，绿色处具有变斑状交织结构，为翡翠无疑。但详细观察发现皮壳松软，无翡翠外壳特有的晶粒自然排列的现象，确定为假皮。用红外光谱和X射线粉晶分析表明:图8主要矿物为硬玉、方解石和黑钨矿等;图9主要矿物为方解石、白云石、石英、伊利石和高岭石等。经去掉一部分假皮后，原来都是卵石。作假是粘贴翡翠碎料假皮掩盖，充当优质翡good processing performance, with sufficient rigidity. Template selected template surface should be flat and smooth, plywood coated high strength, good wear resistance, water resistance, durability, physical and chemical properties of stable and smooth surface, no pollution, no damage, clean. Template straight keel, specifications, and panels close, firmly attached, have sufficient rigidity. Templates may not play the ink, paint and write numbers to avoid contamination of concrete surfaces. Template design set of bolt holes through walls, but not free to play holes, openings, portrayal, nailing. Release agent used on concrete surface quality and color does not affect the release agent. Pull bolt specifications and varieties should be according to the concrete lateral pressure, wall waterproofing, air defence requirements and template Panel selection, bolts used should have sufficient strength to pull the bolt casing and plug should be determined according to the diameter of the bolt, the choice of plastics, rubber, nylon and other materials. Topstitching cross-section according to the circumstances, the request can tear down, should adopt the trapezoid, square, rounded square; can be made for hardwood, nylon, plastic, aluminum, stainless steel and other materials. Depth is not greater than 20mm. Steel frame in front of the Assembly must be straightened, wood joist requires that you have sufficient rigidity. Keel as far as possible without joints, if it proves necessary to connect, the connection must be staggered. Template processing must be carried out in wood processing plant, processing materials when cutting line cutting, precise size, angle, surface smooth, tight joints. Field spell using a template before the template, on the surface smoothness, the section size, Yin and Yang template angle, adjacent to surface level and check the bolt Assembly. Before clamping, to check the template, especially the template Panel connection 翠。 (四)、掏心涂色以劣充优:我们遇到过情况类似的两块翡翠仔料。图10重为160.5g，外观黄褐色，似细黄砂皮。图11重为185g，外观黄褐色，似细黄砂皮，表面已擦出绿色窗。用强光检查，两块均发现里面有艳绿色，给人外浅内深的感觉，质地细腻，似高质量的仔料。但经详细观察，颜色好似一块磨砂玻璃的背面涂有绿色，皮壳松软，无翡翠外壳持有的晶粒自然排列的现象，显然是假皮。将图10样品用力敲打，掉下一块碎片，原来是一些无色good processing performance, with sufficient rigidity. Template selected template surface should be flat and smooth, plywood coated high strength, good wear resistance, water resistance, durability, physical and chemical properties of stable and smooth surface, no pollution, no damage, clean. Template straight keel, specifications, and panels close, firmly attached, have sufficient rigidity. Templates may not play the ink, paint and write numbers to avoid contamination of concrete surfaces. Template design set of bolt holes through walls, but not free to play holes, openings, portrayal, nailing. Release agent used on concrete surface quality and color does not affect the release agent. Pull bolt specifications and varieties should be according to the concrete lateral pressure, wall waterproofing, air defence requirements and template Panel selection, bolts used should have sufficient strength to pull the bolt casing and plug should be determined according to the diameter of the bolt, the choice of plastics, rubber, nylon and other materials. Topstitching cross-section according to the circumstances, the request can tear down, should adopt the trapezoid, square, rounded square; can be made for hardwood, nylon, plastic, aluminum, stainless steel and other materials. Depth is not greater than 20mm. Steel frame in front of the Assembly must be straightened, wood joist requires that you have sufficient rigidity. Keel as far as possible without joints, if it proves necessary to connect, the connection must be staggered. Template processing must be carried out in wood processing plant, processing materials when cutting line cutting, precise size, angle, surface smooth, tight joints. Field spell using a template before the template, on the surface smoothness, the section size, Yin and Yang template angle, adjacent to surface level and check the bolt Assembly. Before clamping, to check the template, especially the template Panel connection 质地细腻的碎翡翠料拼贴而成。把一片挖空，涂上绿油漆，然后粘合在一起，外面粘贴假皮，以劣料充当优质仔科。将图11样品擦出的绿处用力敲打，表面一破看出，原来是把无色、质地较好的翡翠料，从中间挖一个空洞至表皮几毫米处，后注入绿漆，用假皮把口贴合。 (五)、探孔补洞假皮掩盖:有一位顾客送来一块“翡翠仔料”，要求出证书。外观为黄褐色，似黄砂皮，重为357g，顶部开门处，显绿色，质地细腻。经详细观察，见开门处周围表皮与下部结构不同，界线明显，不像天然形good processing performance, with sufficient rigidity. Template selected template surface should be flat and smooth, plywood coated high strength, good wear resistance, water resistance, durability, physical and chemical properties of stable and smooth surface, no pollution, no damage, clean. Template straight keel, specifications, and panels close, firmly attached, have sufficient rigidity. Templates may not play the ink, paint and write numbers to avoid contamination of concrete surfaces. Template design set of bolt holes through walls, but not free to play holes, openings, portrayal, nailing. Release agent used on concrete surface quality and color does not affect the release agent. Pull bolt specifications and varieties should be according to the concrete lateral pressure, wall waterproofing, air defence requirements and template Panel selection, bolts used should have sufficient strength to pull the bolt casing and plug should be determined according to the diameter of the bolt, the choice of plastics, rubber, nylon and other materials. Topstitching cross-section according to the circumstances, the request can tear down, should adopt the trapezoid, square, rounded square; can be made for hardwood, nylon, plastic, aluminum, stainless steel and other materials. Depth is not greater than 20mm. Steel frame in front of the Assembly must be straightened, wood joist requires that you have sufficient rigidity. Keel as far as possible without joints, if it proves necessary to connect, the connection must be staggered. Template processing must be carried out in wood processing plant, processing materials when cutting line cutting, precise size, angle, surface smooth, tight joints. Field spell using a template before the template, on the surface smoothness, the section size, Yin and Yang template angle, adjacent to surface level and check the bolt Assembly. Before clamping, to check the template, especially the template Panel connection 成的皮壳。用刀剥掉部分皮后，原来是质地较好的翡翠料，但颜色不佳?能为了探测内部情况，先钻一小洞，见色差或无色，再将该孔补盖。因开孔较小，不易发现，欺骗性较强。综上所述，(一)是以其他岩石的卵石充当翡翠的仔料;(二)、(三)两种情况，是将其它岩石的卵石切开后，贴翡翠片或粘贴翡翠碎粒，所谓“翡翠仔料”的主体部分实际上是其它岩石卵石;(四)、(五)两种情况，翡翠仔料是真的，但做了假，以劣充优。 good processing performance, with sufficient rigidity. Template selected template surface should be flat and smooth, plywood coated high strength, good wear resistance, water resistance, durability, physical and chemical properties of stable and smooth surface, no pollution, no damage, clean. Template straight keel, specifications, and panels close, firmly attached, have sufficient rigidity. Templates may not play the ink, paint and write numbers to avoid contamination of concrete surfaces. Template design set of bolt holes through walls, but not free to play holes, openings, portrayal, nailing. Release agent used on concrete surface quality and color does not affect the release agent. Pull bolt specifications and varieties should be according to the concrete lateral pressure, wall waterproofing, air defence requirements and template Panel selection, bolts used should have sufficient strength to pull the bolt casing and plug should be determined according to the diameter of the bolt, the choice of plastics, rubber, nylon and other materials. Topstitching cross-section according to the circumstances, the request can tear down, should adopt the trapezoid, square, rounded square; can be made for hardwood, nylon, plastic, aluminum, stainless steel and other materials. Depth is not greater than 20mm. Steel frame in front of the Assembly must be straightened, wood joist requires that you have sufficient rigidity. Keel as far as possible without joints, if it proves necessary to connect, the connection must be staggered. Template processing must be carried out in wood processing plant, processing materials when cutting line cutting, precise size, angle, surface smooth, tight joints. Field spell using a template before the template, on the surface smoothness, the section size, Yin and Yang template angle, adjacent to surface level and check the bolt Assembly. Before clamping, to check the template, especially the template Panel connection