山西醋文化与旅游开发

山西醋文化与旅游开发 摘 要:醋是我国传统的调味佳品,有着悠久的历史。而山西醋更以其独特的制造工艺堪称中华醋之极品。山西醋的传说趣谈在民间广泛流传,使山西醋文化成为了中华民族的传统文化的一部分。而在文化旅游兴起的今天,山西醋文化旅游将成为本世纪文化旅游的又一亮点。本文从打造山西醋文化旅游景观、开展山西醋文化旅游活动、开发山西醋文化旅游商品等方面对山西醋文化与旅游开发之间的关系进行了探讨。 关键词:山西 醋文化 醋文化旅游 开发构想 一、醋的名称演变 早期的醋称作“酢”，《广韵》中记载“酢，浆也，醋也。”北魏贾思勰的《齐民要术》有“作酢法”，自注“酢，今醋也。”但又称“醯(醋也。”可见，早期的醋又称“醯”。那么醯和酢有什么区别呢?若仔细考察，我们会发现“酢”字比“醯”字出现得晚。《礼记?内则》记载“脂用葱，膏用韭，三牲用茱萸，和用醯，兽用梅。”《周礼天官醯人》中有“醯人掌共五齐七菹， 凡醯物(以醯和以腌菜，注日:酿菜而柔之以醯杀腥肉及其气)。以共祭祀之齐菹，凡醯酱之物。”《礼记檀弓》:“宋襄公葬其夫人，醯醢百瓮。”《吴地志》„„吴戋筑城以贮醯醢，今俗人呼为„苦酒城?。”这些记载中都用“醯”而不用“酢”，可见在西周时(醋就已称作“醯”了。至北魏《齐民要术》中记载了“大麦酢法”、“烧饼酢法”、“酒酢法”、“糟糠酢法”等制醋方法， 可见这时醋才被称作“酢”。事实上，《说文解字》中已有“醋”字(“醋，客酌主人也。”这里是酬宾的意思。宋绳祖《学斋估毕》记载:“《九经》中无„醋?字，止有醯及和用酸而已，至汉方有此字。”关于早期醋为什么称为醯，后又改称为醋，在民间还有一段有趣的传说。相传商代，殷纣王为给宠妃妲己治病在都城朝歌建摘星(心)楼，要取丞相比干的七窍玲珑心作药。但这药需用山泉水和高梁酒为药引。于是晋地官员将吕梁山下产的高梁酒进奉。谁知高梁酒在运送途中由于天气炎热而变质，发出酸味，差役们用变酸的酒来蘸肉吃，腥味全无。这些变质的酸酒送到都城后，纣王一尝，酸得唏嘘不已。妲己问此物何名，一个官员灵机一动，以“唏”名之，又因以器皿装盛，以“醯”记之，从此晋地人学会了制醋。汉朝，陈平、周勃诛杀吕后，拥立生于长安、长于晋阳的刘恒为汉文帝，醯便成为宫廷指定贡品。有一次晋阳官员奉送贡品人宫，照例拜见孝文帝母薄太后。太后听到宫女们称醋为“醯子”、“老醯”觉得不悦耳，于是想将醯改个名字。文帝便命官员起个名字，一个学士奏道“今年癸酉年，今日腊月二十一日，将年月一合，即„醋?字。”文帝龙心大悦，御笔亲“醋”字，贴于盛醋的大缸，从此“醯”就称为“醋”了。这一关于醋的名称的变迁的传说现了人民将醋融人民间文化的深沉思考。 二、晋醋的起源 山西醋有着悠久的历史。据考证，远在夏商时代的殷高祖武丁为聘请一位才子做他的宰相就有“若作酒醴，尔惟曲蘖;若作和羹，尔惟盐梅”之说。其意是，假若做甜酒，就用那关键的曲和蘖;若做羹汤，就用那必不可少的盐和醋(在古代梅亦称酸“梅”，醋也)。这位“人才”，当时就隐居在山西平陆县境内的一个名为“圣人洞”的地方。可见早在公元前12世纪以前山西人就学会了酿醋并懂得用“梅”调和食物了。 另在《竹书纪年》记载我国上古有一种植物叫作“真荚”，这种植物月朔生一荚，然后每日生一荚，至月望停止。望后13减一荚，至月末减完，刚好三十日。这种植物不仅可用来计时，且味酸，是用来酿醋的最早原料。萁荚生长于晋阳，即今山西太原。这也是晋醋发端极早的一个明证。 三、晋醋的种类 晋醋的种类繁多，有陈醋、普醋、双醋、益源庆醋、名特醋、味醋，等等，其中尤值一提的还是老陈醋，可谓“醋中之王”。这种醋色泽黑褐，醋液清亮，酸香绵甜，挂碗无沉淀，奇特的是老陈醋的存放时间越长味道越好。在我小时候，爷爷曾经当着我的面用开水冲兑过一种琥珀色的胶体，融化后一尝，竟然是老陈醋的味道，而且比一般的老陈醋更酸更香。后来我才知道，那是爷爷放了16年的老陈醋——因为瓶盖没盖紧。水分蒸发完以后就变成了琥珀色固体。 晋醋中品质最优秀的莫过于具有六百多年生产史的中华老字号“益源庆”牌宁化府醋了。“益源庆”醋坊座落在太原市宁化府胡同中，创建于明洪武初期(1377年)，当时明太祖朱元璋册封其第三子朱榈为晋王，册封朱榈之子朱济焕为化王。当时的益源庆就是宁化王府内酿醋、磨面、制酒的小型作坊，益源庆酿出的醋最初仅供皇室御用，之后成为达官显贵馈赠亲友的上等礼品，号称“官礼陈醋”。 到了清顺治年间，山西介休出了一位“醋仙”，名叫王来福。他在太原市附近的清徐城关开办了“美和居”醋坊，他发明了熏蒸法，“冬捞冰，夏伏晒”，制出的醋口味醇厚，宜气扑鼻(香味久聚不散，终于创出了“山西老陈醋”的品牌，使山西老陈醋一举名列中国四大名醋之首。 山西人爱吃醋，素有“无醋不成味”的说法。山西人更善酿醋，在民间至今留有制醋遗风。如你在盛夏季节到山西乡间僻壤一游，你会发现，老乡们将一口闷着麻纸的大缸放在烈日下，在用制醋的醴子晒醋。醋缸需要不断搬动，因为醋缸要跟着“爷爷”(太阳)走。看到此情此景，过去山西“家家有醋缸，人人当醋匠”的情景定然会跃然眼前。 山西人善酿醋爱吃醋，真可谓嗜醋如命，加之“醯”和山西的“西”字同音，所以获得了个“山西老醯”的尊称。 四、晋醋与醋文化现象 (一)晋醋与文学 几千年来晋醋一直与山西人惜惜相伴，除了作为调味品，醋还有许多的引申含义。通常我们说到酸味就不得不想到醋，因此酸味成了醋的象征。酸味不仅是一种调味的味道，它还可以体现人对生活的感悟，可以支配感情，可以说酸味是情绪性、文化性的昧，还是嗜好上、意识上、身体上所必须的味。生活中我们还用这样一些成语“咬姜呷醋”、“熬姜呷醋”、“酸甜苦辣”、“透骨酸心”、“寒酸落魄”、“攻苦如酸”等来比喻生活中的种种遭遇和复杂感受。我们还常用“吃醋”、“醋意”、“醋劲儿”、“吃干醋”等说法来说明因妒忌心理而表现出来的情绪、行为等，指代男女之间感情的排他性心理。吃醋的确是一种良好的饮食习惯，但我国传统文化又赋予了“吃醋”特殊的含义，说起来还有一段佳话。唐张祷所作笔记《朝野佥载》记 载唐朝宰相房玄龄的夫人好嫉妒(唐太宗有意赐房玄龄几名美女作妾，房不敢受。太宗知是房夫人执意不允，便召房夫人令日“若宁不妒而生，宁妒而死?”并给她准备了一壶“毒酒”。房夫人面无惧色，当场接过“毒洒”一饮而尽。其实李世民给她的“毒酒”只是一壶醋，李世民给这位夫人开了个玩笑，于是就有了“吃醋”之典，至此，吃醋和嫉妒才有了亲缘关系。在《红楼梦》里，明恋暗想宝玉的女佣晴雯听说宝玉和袭人要好，心中“不觉又添醋意”。随着文化的演变，后人还用“半瓶醋”来讽刺对某种知识技能一知半解的人，用“酸腐”、“酸子”来形容封建时代死读书，读死书的学子。 (二)晋醋与民间习俗 在封建社会，山西人有祭拜醋神的习俗，因地域差异，山西各地祭拜的醋神也有所不同。晋中醋业崇拜的醋神是索义廷，并于每年的四月初一举行“太公会”，国内名家臧云飞作曲的《醋神传说》就是根据保宁醋神索义廷而作，歌曲交织了对人生酸甜苦辣的深刻体味，把沧桑醋神、苦尽甘来和国家命运紧紧联系在一起;晋东南酿醋业奉祭的是行业祖师，称为“醋姑姑”或“醋姑”，于每年的四月初八举行隆重的祭奠仪式。 随着山西醋业的不断发展，山西醋文化活动在民间越来越丰富。2003年晋中市委、市政府向中国调味品协会申请于每年的9月下旬举办“中国名醋节”;2005年山西太原沿袭泼水节的模式，于每年的7月30日举行“健康泼醋节”。这些多样化的醋文化活动已成为弘扬中华醋文化的有效手段，逐渐发展为华夏醋文化的重要组成部分。 (三)醋酿造工艺文化 晋醋在几千年的历史长河中，以绝妙的酿造工艺，独特的酿造工具，天然的原料形成了独特而丰富的酿造文化。特别是老陈醋以高梁为主要原料，经蒸煮、糖化、酒化等工艺过程，然后以高温醋化，温火焙烤和伏晒抽水陈酿而成，该醋酸香浓郁，久陈越香;随着现代酿造技术的改进和创新(现代酿造技术也成为了人们研究和关注的话题。 在酿造工艺过程中，我们还可以看到各式各样的酿造工具和饮食器具，如石磨与磨斗、水罐、水瓢、铁甑、风箱、推车、老称、龙凤壶、彩陶罐、“醋”字镡、醋鳖、醋篓、醋壶、醋碗、醋碟、盛醋陶罐、醋缸等，许多地方还保存了原始的酿醋坊等遗址。 (四)晋醋的饮食文化 晋醋作为中国传统饮食“柴米油盐酱醋茶”其中之一，是山西人饮食中必不可少的传统调味品。在几千年的饮食中，晋醋逐渐形成了以调味为主的饮食文化。在油重的食品中加醋避免油腻的感觉;在凉拌菜肴时，加入适当醋，使味道更加鲜美;烧肉时加点醋，使肉烂得快;菜肴中盐分过多，添加少许醋。冲淡咸味的感觉;辣味过多时，加人醋，缓解辣味的冲劲;烹调时放点食醋，软化植物纤维素，增加食物的色、香、昧，并保护食品中的维生素C;烹调小排骨和鱼，用糖醋溶解其骨质，促进入体对钙、磷的吸收和利用。在全国著名菜系中以醋烹调的有鲁菜中的“醋椒鳜鱼”、浙菜中的“西湖醋鱼”、川菜中的“鱼香肉丝”?等。近年来，糖醋味和鱼香味的糖醋排骨、糖醋鱼、鱼香茄子、川北凉粉、酸辣粉、凉面、麻辣烫等深受人们的喜爱。因此醋在人们生活饮食中扮演着不可替代的作用。 (五)晋醋的医疗保健文化 晋醋除了有调味的功能以外还有医疗保健的功能。晋东南地区(长治一带)流传一句民谚“家有二两醋，不用请大夫。而且早在东汉时期张仲景的《金匮要略》中就记载“散淤血，黄汗”;孙思邈《千金方》中也提到醋可以消肿、杀毒等;李时珍《本草纲目》中录用醋的药方就有三十多种，其中“醋能消肿，散水气，杀邪毒，理诸药”，说明了醋具有杀菌的功效。以醋文化著称的广州雅丽思美容有限公司，在非典时期推出“一元爱心醋皂”，赢得广大消费者的喜爱。根据醋的保健功能，现代几大晋醋企业开发了各种口味和系列的保健醋以及醋饮料，形成了以醋吧、醋浴坊、醋足坊等形式的醋消费热潮。在现代快速的生活节拍中，醋饮料的上市，受到消费者的欢迎，醋吧、醋浴坊、醋足坊等成为人们修身养性、缓解压力的理 想场所。 五、开展醋文化旅游的意义 (一)振兴晋醋产业，促进旅游地经济发展 山西酿醋历史悠久，距今已有四千多年的历史。从原始的醋作坊到现代科技园、生态园，从就地销售到异地销售，甚至走出国门，晋醋产业可谓蒸蒸日上。但由于现代市场的强大竞争，晋醋产业同样面临巨大挑战。旅游是文化传播的天然媒介，是营销运作中难得的载体。通过醋文化旅游可以提升晋醋的品牌形象，推动当地晋醋的研制、开发和促销，推动当地晋醋消费热潮，提高晋醋销量，从而增加经济收入，扩大就业机会。 (二)加强游客对晋醋文化的认识，保护晋醋文化资源 晋醋饱含了历史、地理、生物、文学、科技等方面的知识，深深的扎根于中华民族文化之中。通过发展晋醋文化旅游以及各种相关醋文化旅游活动，可以使游客在旅游中学习和体味晋醋文化知识，加强人们对晋醋文化的认识，从而增强对醋文化以及相关历史文物古迹和遗址等资源的保护意识，使山西醋文化得以传承和延续。 (三)填补晋醋文化旅游开发的空白，增添特色文化旅游 具有中国传统工艺，深受国民喜爱的茶、酒相继被开发出茶文化旅游和酒文化旅游。浙江以龙井为龙头，打造“中国茶都”，开发各种茶文化旅游项目等。绍兴几乎是无村不酿酒，无人不酿酒，因此酒文化便成为绍兴地方文化的一大特色，也成为酒文化旅游地的典范。山西醋文化旅游资源丰富，开发条件优越，在许多醋生产基地还保留了老作坊、传统的酿醋工艺和工具等。，山西清徐县的老醯儿醋厂、海城醋厂、山西水塔老陈醋有限公司等适应现代旅游市场，相应开发了醋生态园、科技园、博物馆等。为开展山西醋文化旅游而填补中国醋文化旅游的空白，为文化旅游增添特色。 六、晋醋文化的旅游开发原则 (一)醋文化保护第一的原则 文化旅游的开发中一定要做到文化保护第一位，旅游开发第二位，保护了文化特色。就是保护了旅游自身可持续发展的金链条。在开发中要保持文化原有的地方性、特色性，特别注意文物古迹或遗址的保护，在保护的前提下进行适当开发或修复，这样才能保证山西醋文化旅游的可持续发展。 (二)晋醋文化与当地其他文化相协调的原则 文化是旅游的灵魂，一个地区是多种文化凝聚的综合体，山西醋文化旅游也是文化旅游中一个部分，在开发中要注意山西醋文化与旅游地其他文化的协调性，使各种文化相辅相成，共同促进旅游地经济的发展。 (三)经济效益、社会效益和环境效益相统一的原则 山西醋文化资源开发的目的是发展旅游业。从而达到解决就业、发展地区经济等目的，因此发展山西醋文化旅游要服从当地的社会经济发展的需要。在讲求经济效益的同时要兼顾社会效益和环境效益，开发活动不能超过社会和环境的限度，否则就会造成资源破坏，环境质量下降，社会治安混乱等负面影响，不利于当地旅游业的可持续发展。 七、晋醋文化的旅游开发构想 (一)打造参观层面上的晋醋文化旅游景观 文化是个抽象的概念，但文化可以通过文化景观展现出来。景观是静态的、可观赏的初级旅游产品，主要是满足大众观光的需求，它在直观视觉上体现文化，例如山水、建筑、花草树木等。在山西醋文化景观设计时应紧紧围绕醋文化，从历史和现代角度出发，一方面要恢复和展示历史文化景观，比如建立博物馆，在博物馆中陈列石磨等酿醋工具，陶罐、醋缸等盛醋工具，有关醋文化的古书史料、醋文物古迹等珍品;整修并开放老醋坊，向游客展示醋的传统酿造工艺过程。另一方面要合理建设现代醋文化景观，建立供休闲、娱乐的醋吧、醋浴中心、醋足坊等醋商业街，体现现代山西醋文化。 (二)开展参与层面上的晋醋文化旅游活动 晋醋文化旅游开发除了要在静态景观上体现醋文化外，还应在动态活动上体现醋文化，使游客通过参与各种晋醋文化旅游活动体味和学习晋醋文化。围绕晋醋文化举办各种主题活动，既要保持传统民俗活动，如“醋神”祭拜活动、晋醋文化民俗表演以及其他民间醋文化活动，又要积极创新主题活动，可以开展“弘扬中国醋文化”大型文艺汇演，提高醋文化旅游目的地的形象以及醋品牌形象;可以开展食醋比赛，向全国各地征集参赛者，让每个有兴趣的人都可以直接参与到活动中来，并给获胜者一定的奖励;开展醋形象大使选拔赛，最后胜利者作为醋形象的代言人;可以开展酿醋比赛、醋文化知识竞赛等主题活动;可以向中国调味品协会申请举办“山西名醋节”。通过这些旅游活动增加游客的参与性，打造晋醋文化旅游形象。 (三)开发购物层面上的晋醋文化旅游商品 旅游购物是旅游消费中最有弹性的因素，文化旅游商品的开发要以市场细分为准则，多层次、多渠道地发展具有纪念性、工艺性、实用性以及特色性的晋醋商品。在商品开发上既要巩固传统产品，又要大胆开发新产品。除原有的老品牌外，醋生产企业还可以根据调味所需颜色、浓度、风味、原材料等开发一系列新的调味产品;开发具有美容、医疗保健等功能的醋产品，如醋饮料、保健醋、美容醋等;食品和工艺品是文化旅游商品开发的重点，生产仿古的饮醋工具、造醋工具、盛醋工具等各种工艺品;编制食醋秘方、醋典故等资料;努力建设美食小吃街，开发各种醋风味小吃等。 参考文献 [1]赵荣光.中国醋的起源与中国醋文化流变考述[J].饮食文化研究,2005(3):10-l 7. [2]萧风歧.食醋的历史与文化[J].酿造文化,2000(5):34-37. [3]王朝阳.经营健康醋“饮”时尚[J].商机,2004(2):33. [4]骆高远,罗守忠,胡思勤.绍兴的黄酒文化与旅游[J].经济地理,2005,25(5):749-752. [5]孙艳红.茶文化旅游资源的主体层次分析及开发构想[J].商场现代化,2005(2):63-64. [6]张洪光,郭起云.三晋饮食文化[M].北岳文艺出版社,1996. [7]刘集贤,万良适.漫话山西醋[M].山西人民出版社,1979. [8]郑奕敬,李长久,陈雪珍.陈醋酿造技术[M].山西科学出版社,1985. (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.